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History on the 5th of January

History
Date Text
05 Jan 1919 WW2 Germans Anton Drexler, Gottfried Feder, Dietrich Eckart, Karl Harrer, and 20 others formally named their small political group the German Workers' Party (Deutsche Arbeiterpartei) in Munich, Germany. The party aimed to support middle-class citizens of the Aryan race. This party was the forerunner of the Nazi Party. 
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05 Jan 1921 WW2 Jean was born. 
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05 Jan 1924 WW2 Zhaohe arrived at Qingdao, Shandong, Province, China. 
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05 Jan 1931 WW2 USS R-1 departed San Diego, California, United States. 
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05 Jan 1933 WW2 The secret meeting between Franz von Papen and Adolf Hitler in Cologne, Germany on the previous day was exposed to the public, damaging both men's reputation. 
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05 Jan 1934 WW2 The keel of submarine ShCh-205 was laid down at the Shipyard Named After 61 Communards at Nikolaev, Ukraine. 
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05 Jan 1939 WW2 Kiichiro Hiranuma became the 35th Prime Minister of Japan. 
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05 Jan 1939 WW2 Adolf Hitler met Polish Foreign Minister Józef Beck at Berchtesgaden in southern Germany and, in a friendly manner, mentioned that Danzig was German, and it was in his interest to one day see it return within German borders. 
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05 Jan 1940 WW2 Oliver Stanley became the Secretary of State for War with the resignation of Leslie Hore-Belisha. 
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05 Jan 1940 WW2 Finnish troops continued to pin Soviet troops along the Raate Road. Many Russians suffered frostbite, gangrene, and other effects from the severely cold weather; however, they fought back valiantly, causing heavy casualties on the Finnish side as well. 
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05 Jan 1940 WW2 Germany forbade the transport of any form of aide into Finland across German territory. 
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05 Jan 1940 WW2 The United Kingdom requested Norway for permission to send Royal Navy vessels into Norwegian waters, citing the German attacks on British ships in Norwegian waters as the reason. Secretly, this request also served as means to deliver British and French troops to Finland through Norway, should the need arise. 
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05 Jan 1940 WW2 As the first Norwegian volunteer fighters left Oslo for Finland, the first Swedish volunteers arrived. In light of these events, Soviet Union accused Norway and Sweden of pursuing "unneutral" policies by allowing their citizens to volunteer to fight for Finland. 
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05 Jan 1941 WW2 Australian 6th Division troops, supported by 6 remaining British Matilda tanks, captured the last Italian defensive position at Bardia, Libya, and the remaining Italian force surrendered soon afterwards. In the battle for Bardia, the Italians suffered 1,000 killed, 3,000 wounded, and 36,000 taken prisoner; 2,000 Italians were able to withdraw to Tobruk, Libya. Australians suffered 130 killed and 326 wounded. The Allies captured a large quantity of Italian equipment, including 26 coastal guns, 7 medium guns, 216 field guns, 26 anti-aircraft guns, 41 infantry guns, 146 anti-tank guns, 12 medium tanks, 115 tankettes, 708 trucks, and water pumps capable of producing 400 tons of fresh water per day. 
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05 Jan 1941 WW2 Italian ship Vulcano hit a mine and sank off Tobruk, Libya. 
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05 Jan 1941 WW2 Italian submarine Cappellini sank British ship Shakespeare 100 miles northeast of the Cape Verde Islands at 1045 hours with her two 100-mm deck guns, killing 20. Before Shakespeare sank, her return fire hit Cappellini's aft gun and killed gunner Sergeant Ferruccio Azzolin. Cappellini rescued 22 survivors and took them to Sal Island nearby. 
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05 Jan 1941 WW2 British sloop HMS Lowestoft, while operating with Allied convoy FS.378, was damaged by a mine in the Thames Estuary in England, United Kingdom. She would be under repair at Chatham, England until 3 Oct. 
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05 Jan 1941 WW2 Amy Johnson, record-breaking aviation pioneer of the 1930s, was killed when the Airspeed Oxford trainer she was delivering as an Air Transport Auxiliary ferry pilot came down in the Thames Estuary in Southern England, United Kingdom. It was sadly ironic that a woman who navigated her way solo from England to Australia got lost in bad weather. Running out of fuel, she baled out thinking she was over London. Landing in the freezing water, she was dragged under a rescue boat by her parachute and chopped to death by the propellers. Her body was never found. 
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05 Jan 1942 WW2 Soviet forces launched general offensives on the Leningrad, Moscow, Ukraine, and Crimea fronts. Joseph Stalin, who had taken command, refused to heed his generals who warned against a broad 1,000-mile long front. 
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05 Jan 1942 WW2 The Soviet attempt to land at Eupatoria (Yevpatoria) was blocked by the Germans. 
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05 Jan 1942 WW2 Georg von Bismarck was assigned as as a staff officer of Panzer Group Africa. 
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05 Jan 1942 WW2 US Navy Bureau of Navigation granted permission for Chief of Bureau of Yards and Docks Rear Admiral Ben Moreell to recruit for a regiment of three construction battalions, soon to be known as "Seabees". 
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05 Jan 1942 WW2 USS Pollack damaged Japanese cargo ship Heijo Maru off Honshu, Japan with three of six torpedoes fired; this was claimed as a sinking. 
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05 Jan 1942 WW2 After sundown, 140 British aircraft attacked the port facilities at Brest, France, dropping 203 tons of high explosive bombs, followed by another wave of 126 aircraft which dropped 186 tons of high explosive bombs and 12,680 incendiary bombs. The primary targets were German battlecruisers Scharnhorst and Gneisenau, which suffered little damage. 
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05 Jan 1942 WW2 British submarine HMS Upholder sank Italian submarine Admiral Saint-Bon, with 155 tons of ammunition and gasoline on board, north of Messina, Sicily at 0542 hours; 82 were killed (many during the explosion), 3 survived. 
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05 Jan 1942 WW2 Italian convoy M.43 arrived at Tripoli, Libya, delivering 54 tanks, armored cars, artillery, ammunition, and fuel. 
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05 Jan 1942 WW2 British submarine HMS Proteus sank Italian troop transport Citta Di Palermo 73 miles northwest of Patras, Greece at 0800 hours, killing most of the 600 aboard. 
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05 Jan 1942 WW2 Japanese troops launched probing attacks at the defenses manned by Indian troops at Trolak, British Malaya; 60 Japanese were killed without achieving success. 
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05 Jan 1942 WW2 Japanese submarine I-56 sank British freighter Kwantung 60 miles south of Java, Dutch East Indies. 133 survived the sinking, but only 35 would ultimately be rescued; most of those died after the sinking were killed by Japanese ramming and machinegunning. 
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05 Jan 1942 WW2 George Brett was named the commanding officer of all US forces in Australia. 
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05 Jan 1942 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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05 Jan 1942 WW2 Vice Admiral Hidehiko Ukita stepped down as the commanding officer of the Ryojun Guard District (previously known as Port Arthur; now Lushunkou, Liaoning Province, China), Kwantung Leased Territory in northeastern China. 
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05 Jan 1942 WW2 Four prisoners of war, two Dutch and two British, successfully escaped the Oflag IV-C camp at Colditz Castle in Germany by dressing up as German guards. Lieutenant Airey Neave, one of the escapees among the four, became the first British to escape from Colditz. 
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05 Jan 1942 WW2 Archibald Wavell departed India. 
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05 Jan 1942 WW2 Akagi departed with the Carrier Striking Force (Carrier Divisions 1 and 5) from Hashirajima for Iwakuni, Japan. 
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05 Jan 1942 WW2 Shokaku departed Kure, Japan for Hiroshima Bay. 
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05 Jan 1942 WW2 US and Filipino troops in the Philippine Islands were put on half rations. 
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05 Jan 1942 WW2 Benjamin Kelsey was promoted to the war time rank of lieutenant colonel. 
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05 Jan 1943 WW2 USS S-28 reached her assigned patrol area in the northern Kurile Islands. 
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05 Jan 1943 WW2 Germans began a 3-day operation in the Lvov ghetto in Ukraine which resulted in about 10,000 deaths and the disbanding of the Jewish Council. 
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05 Jan 1943 WW2 General Carl A. Spaatz relinquished his post as commander of the US 8th Air Force on his transfer to the Mediterranean Theatre. He was replaced by Major General Ira C. Eaker. 
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05 Jan 1943 WW2 Despite George Kenney's orders for an all-out attack on Rabaul, New Britain at dawn, Kenneth Walker launched a limited (without 63rd Bomb Squadron, whose commander William Benn disagreed with the timing of the attack) mid-day attack. Bad weather in Australia prevented some of the B-24 bombers from launching, thus ultimately only 6 B-24 bombers and 6 B-17 bombers took off for the attack. Two B-17 bombers attacked Lakunai and Vunakanau airfields near Rabaul between 0900 and 0930 hours. At 1200 hours, 6 B-24 bombers and 3 B-17 bombers (one of which carried Walker) attacked, sinking army transport Keifuku Maru, damaging two merchant ships, and damaging destroyer Tachikaze; 3 Ki-43 fighters were shot down during the raid. At 1317 hours, B-17 bomber San Antonio Rose was shot down; Walker and the entire crew were reported as missing, and none of them would be found. 
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05 Jan 1943 WW2 Lieutenant "Red" Cochrane and his crew of the aft 5-inch battery of USS Helena shot down a Japanese D3A dive bomber off Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. This was the first use of proximity-fuse shells in combat. 
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05 Jan 1943 WW2 USS Grayback served as beacon ship for the US naval bombardment of Munda Point, New Georgia, Solomon Islands. While on this duty, after nightfall, she picked up six downed airmen from a beach at New Georgia. Commanding officer Edward Stephan would later be awarded a Navy Cross medal for the day's actions. 
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05 Jan 1943 WW2 The Italian Navy Forza Navale Speciale (FNS) was disbanded. 
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05 Jan 1943 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru departed Yokosuka, Japan for her 9th voyage with the Japanese Navy. 
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05 Jan 1943 WW2 The keel of submarine Gabilan was laid down by the Electric Boat Company in Groton, Connecticut, United States. 
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05 Jan 1944 WW2 Petrof Bay was launched. 
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05 Jan 1944 WW2 USS Scorpion made rendezvous with USS Herring in the East China Sea, but the planned transfer of an injured sailor from Scorpion to Herring did not take place due to heavy seas. Some time after this date, she was lost, presumed mined in the Yellow Sea. 
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05 Jan 1944 WW2 The first land-based (Bougainville) SBD and TBF aircraft raid on Rabaul, New Britain was cancelled due to weather. 
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05 Jan 1944 WW2 Hansjürgen Reinicke was named the commanding officer of German cruiser Prinz Eugen. 
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05 Jan 1944 WW2 358 RAF aircraft (348 Lancaster and 10 Halifax) attacked Stettin, Germany, while 28 Mosquito aircraft attacked five other cities (13 against Berlin) in diversion; 16 aircraft were lost. 
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05 Jan 1944 WW2 Robert Johnson shot down a German Fw 190 aircraft over Koblenz, Germany. 
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05 Jan 1944 WW2 USS Alabama departed Efate Island, New Hebrides Islands. 
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05 Jan 1944 WW2 USS Bluefish attacked a Japanese transport in the South China Sea; all 3 torpedoes missed. 
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05 Jan 1944 WW2 Bruce Fraser was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath. 
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05 Jan 1945 WW2 In the Philippine Islands, Japanese aircraft attacked the American invasion fleet bound for Luzon. Special attack aircraft damaged cruiser USS Louisville, Australian cruiser HMAS Australia, destroyer USS Helm, destroyer USS Stafford, Australian destroyer HMAS Arunta, escort carrier USS Manila Bay, and escort carrier USS Savo Island. Meanwhile, American aircraft sunk Japanese destroyers Momi and damaged destroyers Hinoki and Sugi west of Manila Bay. 
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05 Jan 1945 WW2 Three American light cruisers and nine destroyers bombarded various targets in the Kurile Islands. 
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05 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Wake Island took on 19 survivors of sunken USS Ommaney Bay. In the afternoon, the task group she sailed with was subjected to heavy air attacks; her anti-aircraft gun crews claimed three Japanese aircraft shot down. 
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05 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Hawkbill arrived at Fremantle, Australia, ending her second war patrol. 
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05 Jan 1945 WW2 Aircraft from USS Marcus Island damaged a Japanese midget submarine in the Mindanao Sea in the Philippine Islands. 
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05 Jan 1945 WW2 The German attack on Bastogne, Belgium was called off. 
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05 Jan 1945 WW2 28 P-40N and P-51D fighters of the US 14th Air Force from Laohekou, Hubei, China attacked the Japanese airfield at Wuhan in the same province, destroying 50 Japanese aircraft in the air and on the ground. One Chinese fighter was shot down. 
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05 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Sennet departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for her first war patrol. 
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05 Jan 1945 WW2 American cruisers, destroyers, and carrier aircraft attacked the Bonin Islands. At Iwo Jima, a Japanese landing ship was sunk by destroyer fire. At Chichi Jima, destroyer USS Fanning sank a Japanese freighter by gunfire and a torpedo, while destroyer USS David W. Taylor was damaged by a mine. 
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05 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Boarfish departed Saipan, Mariana Islands. 
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05 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Whale searched for survivors of a downed B-29 Superfortress bomber east of Tokyo, Japan without success. 
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05 Jan 1945 WW2 The last session of the police summary court of the Kattowitz Gestapo took place in block 11 in Auschwitz I camp. Around 100 Polish prisoners were condemned to death, to be executed by firing squad on the next day. The court was presided by Johannes Thuemmler. These prisoners were under the jurisdiction of the Gestapo and not of the commandant of the concentration camp. 
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05 Jan 1945 WW2 German V-2 rocket hit the golf course at Croydon, London, England, United Kingdom, making a crater 40 feet wide. 
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05 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Segundo arrived at Apra, Guam, Mariana Islands. 
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05 Jan 1946 WW2 Light carrier Hosho departed Kure, Japan for Wewak, New Guinea. 
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05 Jan 1946 WW2 Prince Takahito's son Princess Tomohito was born. 
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05 Jan 1946 WW2 The Soviets executed German Major General Heinrich Remlinger, the former military commandant of Pskov, Russia. 
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05 Jan 1949 WW2 Chen Cheng was named the Chairman of Taiwan Province, Republic of China and the Chief of Police. 
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