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History on the 12th of January

History
Date Text
12 Jan 1777 RELIGIOUS The Mission Santa Clara de Asis was established. It was one of nine missions founded by Spanish Franciscan missionary, Father Junipero Serra, between 1769-1784.
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12 Jan 1779 RELIGIOUS Pioneer American Methodist bishop Francis Asbury recorded in his journal: 'If the Lord is pleased to work, who or what can hinder?'
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12 Jan 1825 RELIGIOUS Birth of Brooke Foss Westcott, British N.T. scholar. In 1881, he and F. J. A. Hort co-edited a famous critical text of the Greek New Testament -- one which is still used today.
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12 Jan 1839 RELIGIOUS Scottish clergyman Robert Murray McCheyne wrote in a letter: 'It is not the tempest, nor the earthquake, nor the fire, but the still small voice of the Spirit that carries on the glorious work of saving souls.'
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12 Jan 1893 RELIGIOUS Representatives of 21 mission boards met in NY City to discuss common concerns. Soon becoming an annual event, by 1911 the convention was known as the Foreign Missions Conference. In 1950 it became a constituting member of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA, serving as its Division of Foreign Missions.
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12 Jan 1916 WW2 German aces Osward Boelcke and Max Immelmann were awarded the Pour le Mérite, Germany's highest decoration for military bravery. At the time both lieutenants had eight aerial victories. 
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12 Jan 1916 WW2 The first experimental tank moved under its own power in Britain. 
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12 Jan 1921 WW2 Argentina recognized the Republic of Estonia. 
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12 Jan 1923 WW2 Ira Hayes was born. 
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12 Jan 1936 WW2 Major Marine units of the US Marine Corps began their participation in Fleet Landing Exercise No . 2 at Culebra, Puerto Rico. 
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12 Jan 1938 WW2 Werner von Blomberg married Erna Gruhn, who was previously his stenographer. 
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12 Jan 1938 WW2 The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union met for the first time 
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12 Jan 1938 WW2 Chen Cheng was named the head of the political bureau of the Nationalist military and the commander-in-chief of the Wuhan garrison in Hubei, China. 
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12 Jan 1938 WW2 Andrey Andreyev was appointed Chairman of the Soviet of the Union, one of the two elected chambers of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, a post he would hold throughout WWII. 
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12 Jan 1939 WW2 The British Air Ministry announced the formation of the RAF Auxiliary Air Force Reserve. 
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12 Jan 1939 WW2 Tatsuta Maru arrived at San Francisco, California, United States. 
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12 Jan 1940 WW2 German submarine U-23 torpedoed and sank Danish oil tanker Danmark off Orkney Islands Scotland at 0650 hours. Her crew of 40 escaped safely, but the 14,000 tons of fuel destined for the Allied war effort were lost. 
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12 Jan 1941 WW2 British armored divisions rushed in their efforts to repair tanks and put them into operational status for the upcoming attack on Tobruk, Libya. Meanwhile, HMS Protector departed Bardia, Libya with 1,058 Italian prisoners of war, sailing for Alexandria, Egypt. 
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12 Jan 1941 WW2 British aircraft based on Malta attacked the Axis airbase at Catania, Sicily, Italy. 
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12 Jan 1941 WW2 In Norway, the Germans began recruiting for the Nordland Regiment of 5.SS-Wiking Division. 
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12 Jan 1942 WW2 Japanese light cruiser Oi hosted Rear Admiral Matome Ugaki as he visited her unit. During the trip, Ugaki expressed disapproval for the use of cruisers as torpedo vessels. 
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12 Jan 1942 WW2 Japanese troops executed Dutch prisoners of war at Tarakan Island off Borneo as punishment for previous day's sabotage of oil wells. 
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12 Jan 1942 WW2 George von Küchler replaced Wilhelm von Leeb, who resigned after Adolf Hitler refused his request to withdraw behind the Lovat River to prevent II Corps being cut off. 
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12 Jan 1942 WW2 USS Saratoga was damaged by a torpedo from Japanese submarine I-6 about 500 miles southwest of US Territory of Hawaii; she returned to Pearl Harbor under own power. 
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12 Jan 1942 WW2 Japanese beheaded 5 American prisoners of war on Wake Island before transporting the remainder to Japan for imprisonment. 
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12 Jan 1942 WW2 Tirpitz departed Kiel, Germany. 
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12 Jan 1942 WW2 South African 1st Division captured Sollum, Egypt. 
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12 Jan 1942 WW2 US Navy Admiral Adolphus Andrews received warning that three or four German submarines were entering waters off the east coast of the United States, but he refused to institute a convoy system. Earlier on the same day, German submarine U-123 sank British ship Cyclops off Nova Scotia, Canada at 0149 hours; 87 were killed, 95 survived. 
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12 Jan 1942 WW2 Walther von Reichenau suffered a stroke in Poltava, Ukraine. 
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12 Jan 1942 WW2 Japanese troops continued to attack the Abucay-Mauban line on Bataan Peninsula, Luzon, Philippine Islands. 
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12 Jan 1942 WW2 Destroyer Yuzuki arrived at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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12 Jan 1942 WW2 Jiang Dingwen was named the commander of the Chinese 1st War Area with headquarters in the city of Luoyang. 
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12 Jan 1942 WW2 Nachi arrived at Ominato Guard District, Mutsu, Aomori Prefecture, Japan at 0715 hours. 
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12 Jan 1942 WW2 German Luftwaffe group I./KG 100, with 28 He 111 bombers, arrived at Focsani, Romania. 
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12 Jan 1942 WW2 Allied convoy PQ-7a arrived at Murmansk, Russia. 
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12 Jan 1943 WW2 German troops withdrew from the Caucasus region in southern Russia to the Kuban bridgehead. 
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12 Jan 1943 WW2 Operation Spark: Soviets launched an offensive to restore communication and over-land supply route to Leningrad, Russia. 
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12 Jan 1943 WW2 US troops landed on Amchitka, Aleutian Islands unopposed. Destroyer Worden, covering the landing, ran aground and sank during the operation. 
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12 Jan 1943 WW2 On Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, the US 6th Marine Regiment and the artillery of the US 2nd Marine Division were re-assigned to a joint Army-Marine division which also included the US Army 82nd Infantry Regiment, US Army 147th Infantry Regiment, and artillery of the US Army Americal Division. 
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12 Jan 1943 WW2 The US 1st Marine Division arrived at Melbourne, Australia after months of fighting on Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. 
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12 Jan 1943 WW2 USS Tunny departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for her first war patrol. 
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12 Jan 1943 WW2 Irako transited the Bungo Strait between Shikoku and Kyushu, Japan. 
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12 Jan 1943 WW2 The BI-2 rocket-powered prototype aircraft took its second flight at Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg), Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, reaching an altitude of 2,190 meters and reaching the speed of 675 kilometers per hour. 
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12 Jan 1944 WW2 Churchill and de Gaulle met at Marrakesh, Morocco. 
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12 Jan 1944 WW2 The keel of escort carrier Makin Island was laid down. 
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12 Jan 1944 WW2 HMS Activity embarked the No. 819 Naval Air Squadron. 
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12 Jan 1944 WW2 USS Puffer arrived at Fremantle, Australia, ending her second war patrol. 
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12 Jan 1944 WW2 USS Ray arrived at Fremantle, Australia, ending her second war patrol. 
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12 Jan 1944 WW2 USS Cero entered Milne Bay, Australian Papua, ending her second war patrol. 
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12 Jan 1944 WW2 USS Flier departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for her first war patrol. 
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12 Jan 1944 WW2 USS Alabama arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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12 Jan 1944 WW2 In Italy the US 5th Army opened its offensive on the Gustav Line in appalling weather, capturing Cervaro, Italy. 
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12 Jan 1944 WW2 General Alphonse Juin's Free French Expeditionary Corps launched an attack inland of Monto Cassino towards Castel Sant'Elia in Italy. 
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12 Jan 1944 WW2 1,000 Jews from Stutthof Concentration Camp arrived at Auschwitz Concentration Camp; 120 men and 134 women were registered into the camp while 746 were gassed upon arrival. 
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12 Jan 1944 WW2 Allied convoy JW-56A departed Liverpool, England, United Kingdom; it was consisted of 20 freighters and was escorted by 2 cruisers and 9 destroyers. 
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12 Jan 1945 WW2 The Operation Nordwind offensive into France was finally stopped just 13 miles from Strasbourg. In Belgium, north of Bastogne, US and British forces linked up near La Roche-en-Ardenne. 
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12 Jan 1945 WW2 General Erik Heinrichs was placed in charge of Finland's defense forces. 
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12 Jan 1945 WW2 Soviet forces launched an offensive with 2,000,000 men from bridgeheads of the Vistula River in Poland toward the Oder River in eastern Germany. On the same day, three Soviet armies encircled Warsaw, Poland. 
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12 Jan 1945 WW2 The Japanese Army launched its final special attack mission in the Philippine Islands area. 
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12 Jan 1945 WW2 The US submarine Swordfish became missing, presumably sunk by either Japanese depth charges or in a minefield, off Okinawa, Japan. 
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12 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Baya arrived at Fremantle, Australia, ending her second war patrol. 
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12 Jan 1945 WW2 Light carrier Ryuho departed for Japan. 
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12 Jan 1945 WW2 Men of the British No. 42 (Royal Marine) Commando landed in southeastern Myebon Peninsula, Burma. 
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12 Jan 1945 WW2 Kaiten submarines launched by Japanese submarines I-36, I-53, I-56, and I-58 struck targets at Ulithi in the Caroline Islands, Palau Islands, Admiralty Islands, and Guam in the Mariana Islands, respectively. The motherships reported 18 sinkings total, but actual damage done was far less and no ship was sunk. 
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12 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Ticonderoga and other Task Force 38 carriers launched aircraft that sank 44 Japanese ships off of Indochina, totaling 130,000 tons; Ticonderoga lost 1 aircraft. Part of the pre-launch intelligence was provided by agents of Katiou Meynier, who observed a 26-ship convoy enter Cam Ranh Bay, although no such convoy was found specifically. Hoang's intelligence reached the US Navy via the Sino-American Special Technical Cooperative Organization (SACO) in China. 
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12 Jan 1945 WW2 La Motte-Picquet was sunk at Saigon, French Indochina by US carrier aircraft of Task Force 38. 
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12 Jan 1945 WW2 Kashii, sailing in convoy off Indochina, was sunk by American SB2C Helldiver dive bombers and TBF Avenger torpedo bombers. Only 19 out of her complement of 640 survived. 
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12 Jan 1945 WW2 The first over-land supply convoy to reach China from India departed Ledo, India. 
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12 Jan 1945 WW2 Tatsunosuke Ariizumi arrived at Tokyo, Japan. 
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12 Jan 1945 WW2 The German Navy U-Boat pens at Bergen, Norway were attacked by a force of 32 Lancaster and one Mosquito aircraft, drawn from Nos. 9 and 617 Squadrons RAF, both units being experienced in the use of "Tallboy" bombs. Contemporary reports recorded that three "Tallboy" bombs caused serious damage to the U-Boat pens after penetrating their 3.5-meter concrete roof. Two submarines suffered minor damage, a cargo ship was severely damaged and a minesweeper was sunk. Four Lancaster bombers were lost (one from No. 9 Squadron and the others from No. 617 Squadron). 
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12 Jan 1945 WW2 German V-2 rocket hit a row of cottages in Ilford, London, England, United Kingdom. 17 were killed and 60 were injured. 
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12 Jan 1945 WW2 Franklin Roosevelt departed Washington DC, United States for Hyde Park, New York, United States by train; Lucy Mercer Rutherfurd accompanied him on this journey. 
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12 Jan 1946 WW2 USS Marcus Island departed San Diego, California, United States for the Panama Canal Zone. 
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12 Jan 1947 WW2 USS Sterlet arrived at Sasebo, Japan. 
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12 Jan 1947 WW2 USS Sea Cat arrived at Balboa, Panama Canal Zone. 
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