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History on the 14th of January

History
Date Text
14 Jan 1529 RELIGIOUS Spanish reformer Juan de Valdes, 29, published his "Dialogue on Christian Doctrine," which paved the way in Spain for Protestant ideas. But his treatise was condemned by the Spanish Inquisition, and Valdes was forced to flee Spain, never to return
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14 Jan 1604 RELIGIOUS The Hampton Court Conference opened in London, during which Puritan representatives met with their monarch, King James I, to discuss reform within the Church of England.
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14 Jan 1893 RELIGIOUS Pope Leo XIII appointed Archbishop Francesco Satolli as the Vatican's first Apostolic Delegate to the United States.
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14 Jan 1912 WW2 General Sadayoshi Ando was named the commanding officer of the Japanese Chosen Army in occupied Korea, relieving Arisawa Ueda. 
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14 Jan 1916 WW2 The British Royal Flying Corps ordered that, in the face of opposition from German Fokker monoplanes, in future each reconnaissance aircraft must be escorted by a minimum of three fighters. 
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14 Jan 1916 WW2 Leonard Siffleet was born in Gunnedah, New South Wales, Australia. 
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14 Jan 1920 WW2 In Siberia, Russia, one of Semenov's armoured trains opened fire at night on a American troop train at Verkhne Udinsk; the Americans then captured the armoured train and arrested seven Cossack officers and forty-eight men, who confessed under interrogation that they had murdered fifty civilians over the past few days. 
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14 Jan 1933 WW2 Kliment Voroshilov was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic. 
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14 Jan 1939 WW2 Tarragon, Spain surrendered to Spanish Nationalist forces. 
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14 Jan 1940 WW2 British cryptologists at the Government Code and Cypher School, Bletchley Park deciphered the German Enigma code with help of Polish experts. 
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14 Jan 1941 WW2 British Commander-in-Chief Middle East General Wavell met Greek Prime Minister Ioannis Metaxas and Greek Commander-in-Chief General Alexandros Papagos in Athens, Greece. Papagos asked Wavell for 9 divisions of British troops plus air support, but Wavell only offered 2 or 3 divisions. Papagos, who thought 2 to 3 divisions was too few to effectively deter a German invasion while still putting Greece in an indebted position, rejected the offer. 
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14 Jan 1941 WW2 German armed merchant cruiser Pinguin captured almost an entire Norwegian whaling fleet (whale oil tanker Solglimt, factory ships Ole Wegger and Pelagos, and 11 of their attendant whalers) without firing a shot in the Southern Ocean near Antarctica; three whalers escaped and provided warning to another whaling fleet nearby. Pinguin captured 20,000 tons of whale oil and 10,000 tons of fuel oil with this success. 
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14 Jan 1941 WW2 Italian submarine Cappellini and British auxiliary cruiser Eumaeus engaged in a gun fight for three hours 100 miles west of Freetown, British West Africa. Cappellini suffered three casualties and was badly damaged, but was able to sink Eumaeus, killing 27. 
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14 Jan 1942 WW2 US President Roosevelt ordered that all aliens must register with the government. 
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14 Jan 1942 WW2 Japanese forces advanced into Burma. 
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14 Jan 1942 WW2 Tirpitz departed Wilhelmshaven, Germany at 2300 hours for Trondheim, Norway; she was escorted by four destroyers. This departure was four days later than originally planned. 
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14 Jan 1942 WW2 The British government reported that, for the week ending at 0600 hours on 14 Jan 1942, 85 civilians were killed by German bombing while a further 59 were injured. 63 of the deaths occurred at Lowestoft, 12 at Liverpool in England, and 10 at Redcar. 
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14 Jan 1942 WW2 Japanese troops on bicycles, supported by tanks, crossed the Gemencheh Bridge over the Kelamah River in British Malaya at 1600 hours into an Australian ambush, killing somewhere between 140 and 700 Japanese troops while losing only 1 killed and 6 captured (they would later be executed); the Japanese would return after dark to successfully secure and repair the bridge. Elsewhere, Japanese troops captured Malacca on the west coast. 
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14 Jan 1942 WW2 USS Skipjack arrived at Darwin, Australia, ending her first war patrol. 
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14 Jan 1942 WW2 Akagi arrived at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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14 Jan 1942 WW2 Shokaku arrived at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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14 Jan 1942 WW2 Hamburg, Germany was bombed for the first time by mainforce aircraft of RAF Bomber Command; this raid conducted by aircraft of No. 207 Squadron would last until the early hours of the next date. Altona railway station and other targets were hit. Hamburg would ultimately be bombed on seventeen occasions, destroying 75% of the city. 
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14 Jan 1942 WW2 Part of the Japanese invasion fleet for Rabaul, New Britain departed from Guam, Mariana Islands. 
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14 Jan 1942 WW2 Joseph Rochefort's cryptanalytic team in US Territory of Hawaii detected Japanese carrier activity in the central Pacific area, which might interfere with the planned US carrier strike in the Gilbert Island and the Marshall Islands. 
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14 Jan 1942 WW2 Irako departed Hashirajima, Japan for a series of stops in the Pacific Ocean (Davao, Philippine Islands; Celebes, Dutch East Indies; Truk, Caroline Islands; Saipan, Mariana Islands) with 500 tons of food supplies aboard. 
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14 Jan 1942 WW2 The first flight of the Sikorsky XR-4 helicopter prototype was made at Stratford, Connecticut, United States. It would become, as the R-4, the first Allied helicopter ordered into production by the US government. 
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14 Jan 1942 WW2 German submarine U-123 sank Panamanian tanker Norness within sight of (about 60 miles off) Montauk Point, Long Island, New York, United States at 0834 hours; 2 were killed, 39 survived. Much further out in the Atlantic Ocean, 450 miles northwest of Ireland, German submarine U-43 attacked Allied convoy ON 55, sinking Greek ship Maro (all aboard were killed), British ship Empire Surf (45 were killed, 6 survived), and Panamanian ship Chepo (17 were killed, 21 survived). 
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14 Jan 1943 WW2 Tatsuta Maru departed Singapore at 0900 hours. 
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14 Jan 1943 WW2 Soviet troops captured Velikiye Luki 200 miles west of Moscow, Russia. 
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14 Jan 1943 WW2 Independence was commissioned into service. 
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14 Jan 1943 WW2 USS S-35 departed Dutch Harbor, US Territory of Alaska in the Aleutian Islands. 
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14 Jan 1943 WW2 Repair ship Akashi began repairing destroyer Naganami at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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14 Jan 1943 WW2 Workers at Dock No. 4 at Pearl Harbor Navy Yard, US Territory of Hawaii completed cutting underwater piles. 
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14 Jan 1943 WW2 Satoru Anabuki, flying Ki-43 fighter "Fubuki", shot down a Hurricane fighter over an area of India now part of Bangladesh, his 14th victory. 
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14 Jan 1943 WW2 I-168 arrived at Kure, Japan. 
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14 Jan 1943 WW2 Georg Zahradka was executed at Auschwitz Concentration Camp for attempting to escape during the night of 9 Jan 1943. 
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14 Jan 1943 WW2 USS Sunfish arrived at Midway Atoll, ending her first war patrol. 
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14 Jan 1944 WW2 Yamato was detected by the radar of USS Batfish at 2330 hours, but Batfish was unable to close in for an attack. 
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14 Jan 1944 WW2 498 RAF aircraft (496 Lancaster and 2 Halifax) attacked Braunschweig, Germany, with 49 aircraft lost; German reports noted only 10 homes destroyed and 14 killed. As a diversion, 17 RAF Mosquito aircraft attacked Magdeburg and Berlin. 
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14 Jan 1944 WW2 German leader Ernst Kaltenbrunner ordered to insert more informers in the foreign forced laborers population. 
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14 Jan 1944 WW2 USS Sunfish began her sixth war patrol. 
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14 Jan 1944 WW2 36 SBD, 16 TBF, and about 80 fighters from Munda Airfield in New Georgia attacked Rabaul, New Britain after a stop at Piva Airfield on Bougainville to refuel. 84 A6M intercepted them over New Ireland, but most American aircraft were able to make their way to Rabaul to commence their attacks. The Japanese lost 3 A6M fighters and the Americans lost 2 SBD, 1 TBF, 5 F4U, and 2 F6F aircraft. Japanese shipping in Simpson Harbor at Rabaul suffered 3 direct hits and 16 near misses. 
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14 Jan 1944 WW2 About 17 prisoners of war were beheaded by men of 81st Naval Garrison Unit of the Japanese Navy at Rabaul, New Britain as reprisal for American air raids on the town. 
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14 Jan 1944 WW2 82 RAF aircraft attacked German flying bomb sites at Ailly, Bonneton, and Bristillerie in France. 
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14 Jan 1944 WW2 USS Whale received a message from USS Seawolf, noting that a Japanese convoy was heading her way. 
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14 Jan 1945 WW2 Operation Blackcock: British forces cleared the Roer Triangle in Germany, which was known for dams that powered the German industry. 
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14 Jan 1945 WW2 The RaLa Experiment of the Manhattan Project conducted its second test using exploding bridgewire detonators. 
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14 Jan 1945 WW2 Soviet 1st Ukrainian Front crossed the Nida River and moved toward Radomsko and the Warta River in central Poland. 
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14 Jan 1945 WW2 Hauptmann Alfred Banholzer of the German Kampfgeschwader 55 wing was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. 
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14 Jan 1945 WW2 Dwight Eisenhower wrote to George Marshall recommending Omar Bradley to be promoted to the rank of a full general, citing Bradley's past success and the need to close the rank gap between Bradley and British Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery. 
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14 Jan 1945 WW2 After sundown, Indian 19th Division crossed the Irrawady River near Kyaukmyaung, Burma, 20 miles south of Thabeikkyin and 40 miles north of Mandalay. 
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14 Jan 1945 WW2 Soviet 2nd Byelorussian Front launched its winter offensive from the Narev bridgehead toward Elbing, Germany (now Elblag, Poland). 
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14 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Spot sank two Japanese trawlers with her deck gun in the East China Sea 150 kilometers southeast of Shanghai, China. 
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14 Jan 1945 WW2 54 USAAF B-29 bombers from Sichuan Province, China attacked Kagi Airfield in southern Taiwan. 
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14 Jan 1946 WW2 Allied repatriation ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Wewak, New Guinea and embarked Japanese personnel. 
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14 Jan 1947 WW2 Daniel Sultan passed away. 
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14 Jan 1966 RELIGIOUS French-born American trappist monk Thomas Merton wrote in a letter: 'The best way to solve the problem of rendering to Caesar what is Caesar's is to have nothing that is Caesar's.'
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14 Jan 1972 RELIGIOUS American Presbyterian apologist Francis Schaeffer wrote in a letter: 'I have come to the conclusion that none of us in our generation feels as guilty about sin as we should or as our forefathers did.'
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