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History on the 15th of January

History
Date Text
15 Jan 1697 RELIGIOUS The citizens of Massachusetts spent a day of fasting and repentance for their roles in the 1692 Salem Witch Trials. Judge Samuel Sewall, who had presided over many of those 20 capital judgments, published a written confession acknowledging his own "blame and shame."
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15 Jan 1844 RELIGIOUS The University of Notre Dame was chartered under Roman Catholic auspices in Indiana.
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15 Jan 1852 RELIGIOUS Mt. Sinai Hospital was incorporated by Sampson Simson and eight associates in NY City. It was the first Jewish hospital in the U.S.
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15 Jan 1873 RELIGIOUS Lutheran founder of the Missouri Synod, C.F.W. Walther warned in a letter: 'Inactivity is the beginning of all vice.'
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15 Jan 1910 WW2 Chuichi Nagumo was promoted to the rank of ensign. 
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15 Jan 1930 WW2 Cruiser Köln was commissioned into service with Fregattenkapitän Ludwig von Schröder at the helm. 
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15 Jan 1931 WW2 Louisville was commissioned into service. 
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15 Jan 1933 WW2 Heinrich Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein became a group leader (Kameradschaftsführer) in the Hitler Youth organization. 
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15 Jan 1934 WW2 Boris Shaposhnikov was awarded his first Order of the Red Star. 
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15 Jan 1937 WW2 USS Pollack was commissioned into service with Lieutenant Clarence E. Aldrich in command. 
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15 Jan 1937 WW2 Hermann Göring met Benito Mussolini; when Göring brought up the topic of the German wish to annex Austria, Mussolini showed disapproval. 
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15 Jan 1939 WW2 In the Soviet Union, the Regime introduced the compulsory "Labour Book" for all workers, in which were inscribed details of all the jobs that the worker had held and any infraction of discipline, punishments and reprimands. No worker could change employment without written permission from his Plant Director in the Labour Book. 
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15 Jan 1940 WW2 German submarine U-44 torpedoed and sank Norwegian steamer Fagerheim in the Bay of Biscay at the early hours of the day, killing 15. The 5 survivors were taken to Vigo, Spain. At 0700 hours, U-44 fired shots at Dutch merchant freighter Arendskerk; realizing his ship could not out run the German submarine, captain of the Arendskerk gave the abandon ship order. Arendskerk was subsequently torpedoed and sank, but all 65 of her crew members survived, rescued by Italian steamer Fedora. 
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15 Jan 1940 WW2 British government revealed that nearly twice as many people had been killed on the roads than the number of people killed in enemy action. The blackout was among the chief reasons. 
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15 Jan 1940 WW2 Kapitän zur See Ernst Kretzenberg took command of cruiser Köln. 
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15 Jan 1941 WW2 Overnight, Wellington bombers of No. 57 Squadron RAF attacked Emden, Germany while 76 RAF bombers attacked Wilhelmshaven, Germany. 
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15 Jan 1941 WW2 British minelaying cruiser HMS Adventure hit a mine and became damaged in Liverpool Bay en route from Milford Haven, Wales, United Kingdom. She was towed into Liverpool for repairs. 
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15 Jan 1941 WW2 Italian submarine Luigi Torelli attacked an Allied convoy 350 miles west of Ireland, sinking Norwegian ship Brask (12 killed, 20 survived) and Greek ship Nemea (17 killed, 14 survived). 
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15 Jan 1941 WW2 The Japanese Navy formed the 11th Air Fleet with the 21st, 22nd, and 24th Air Flotillas with Vice Admiral Eikichi Katagiri in command and Rear Admiral Takijiro Onishi as his chief of staff. 
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15 Jan 1941 WW2 Ships of the French Groupe Occasionnel squadron made rendezvous at 1600 hours 20 miles north of Poulo Condore (Con Dao) archipelago south of French Indochina, and began moving toward the Thai-Cambodian border at 2115 hours. 
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15 Jan 1941 WW2 In Iceland, 133 miles-per-hour winds sank three PBY Catalina aircraft of US Navy squadron VP-73 and sank two PBM Mariner aircraft of US Navy squadron VP-74. 
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15 Jan 1941 WW2 Egmont Prinz zur Lippe-Weißenfeld achieved his second victory, shooting down a British Whitley bomber over northern Netherlands. 
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15 Jan 1942 WW2 The German Armeegruppe Mitte began to fall back from the Kaluga area, forming a new defensive lines 20 miles to the west. 
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15 Jan 1942 WW2 Allies formed the ABDA (American, British, Dutch and Australian) command in the Pacific region to counter Japanese advances. 
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15 Jan 1942 WW2 German submarine U-552 sank the ship Dayrose at 0138 hours; 38 were killed, 4 survived. To the south, German submarine U-123 sank British tanker Coimbra off Sandy Hook, New Jersey, United States at 0941 hours; 36 were killed, 10 survived. At 1134 hours, again off New found, U-203 sank Portuguese trawler Catalina, killing all aboard. Near the end of the day at 2317 hours, U-553 blew the bow off of the tanker Diala; 57 were killed, 8 survived; the wreckage of Diala remained afloat. 
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15 Jan 1942 WW2 US Marine Corps Brigadier General Henry L. Larson was appointed the first military governor of American Samoa. 
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15 Jan 1942 WW2 USS S-36 spotted a Japanese destroyer off Dutch Borneo at 0500 hours, but was discovered by the destroyer, which attacked with depth charges, severely damaging the submarine. 
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15 Jan 1942 WW2 Philippine 51st Division withdrew from the Salian River valley on the eastern side of the Abucay-Mauban defensive line on Bataan Peninsula, Luzon, Philippine Islands. 
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15 Jan 1942 WW2 Japanese troops crossed the Gemencheh Bridge over the Kelamah River in British Malaya at 1000 hours to attack Australian-held positions at Gemas; although the initial attack failed with the loss of six tanks, subsequent attacks and flanking maneuvers forced the Australians to fall back to the Gemas River. Elsewhere, Japanese 4th and 5th Imperial Guard Regiments wiped out forward positions held by elements of the Indian 45th Brigade north of the Muar River. 
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15 Jan 1942 WW2 Transport Chateau Thierry and converted passenger liner Strathaird departed New York, New York, United States with 3,900 troops of US 34th Division aboard, bound for Britain. This convoy, codenamed AT10, was escorted by 5 US destroyers. 
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15 Jan 1942 WW2 British destroyer HMS Hesperus rammed German submarine U-93 while the submarine attempted to attack Allied convoy HG78 580 miles west of Gibraltar, followed by gunfire and depth charge attacks, leading to the submarine being abandoned; 6 were killed, 40 survived. HMS Hesperus would reverse course for Gibraltar to receive repairs. 
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15 Jan 1942 WW2 A British Swordfish aircraft sank German submarine U-577 with depth charges 60 miles north of Sollum, Egypt, killing all 43 aboard. 
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15 Jan 1942 WW2 USS Wichita collided with US freighter West Nohno and British trawler HMS Ebor Wyke and was grounded near Hrafneyri Lighthouse in poor weather in northern Russia. 
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15 Jan 1942 WW2 Kaga arrived at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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15 Jan 1942 WW2 Chinese troops repulsed the Japanese attack on Changsha, Hunan Province, China. 
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15 Jan 1942 WW2 The Japanese-controlled Ryojun Guard District (previously known as Port Arthur; now Lushunkou, Liaoning Province, China), Kwantung Leased Territory in northeastern China was decommissioned from service. 
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15 Jan 1942 WW2 In Poland, German authorities began to deport Jews from the Lodz ghetto to the Chelmno Concentration Camp. 
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15 Jan 1942 WW2 USS Gar departed San Francisco, California, United States. 
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15 Jan 1943 WW2 The keel of submarine Tang was laid down. 
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15 Jan 1943 WW2 Konstantin Rokossovsky was promoted to the rank of colonel general. 
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15 Jan 1943 WW2 USAAF B-24 bombers attacked a Japanese convoy 200 miles south-southwest of Rangoon, Burma, sinking Nichimei Maru. Unknown to the American airmen, the transport was carrying Allied prisoners of war, 500 of whom would be lost in the sinking. 
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15 Jan 1943 WW2 The US 2nd Marine Regiment departed Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands for New Zealand. 
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15 Jan 1943 WW2 The keel for submarine Manta was laid down. 
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15 Jan 1943 WW2 Light carrier Hosho was assigned to the 3rd Force of the Mobile Force Training Force. 
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15 Jan 1943 WW2 2 companies of "Loreto" combat engineers battalion of the Italian Air Force were transferred by ship from Sicily, Italy to Tunis, Tunisia; the remaining two companies of the 1st Air Force Assault Regiment "Amedeo d'Aosta" would remain in Sicily to repair airfields. 
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15 Jan 1943 WW2 German aircraft raided Telepte Airfield in Tunisia three times and Youks-les-Bains Airfield in Algeria once. A total of 15 German aircraft were shot down during these attacks, four of which were claimed by Captain Carmon B. Boone of 59th Fighter Squadron of USAAF 33rd Fighter Group, flying a P-40 fighter. 
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15 Jan 1943 WW2 US Navy SBD Dauntless dive bombers from Henderson Field, Guadalcanal and USAAF B-17 bombers attacked a convoy of nine Japanese destroyers northeast of New Georgia, Solomon Islands; four Japanese destroyers were damaged. A lone B-17 bomber attacked the Japanese airfield on Ballale island, Solomon Islands. To the north in the Caroline Islands, three transports escorted by destroyers departed from Truk for Bougainville with Japanese Army troops transferred from China. 
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15 Jan 1943 WW2 P-40F fighters of US 68th Fighter Squadron intercepted a group of Japanese destroyers off Faisi in the Solomon Islands. In the subsequent engagement, the US fighters shot down nine Japanese F1M float biplanes, three of which by Lieutenant Lloyd G. Huff. 
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15 Jan 1943 WW2 USS Grayback fired four torpedoes at a Japanese submarine in the Solomon Sea; all torpedoes missed. 
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15 Jan 1943 WW2 The Pentagon, the new building in Virginia, United States and the future home of the US Department of War, was dedicated. 
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15 Jan 1944 WW2 Soviet forces launched a new offensive near Leningrad, Russia. 
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15 Jan 1944 WW2 Prichett was commissioned into service. 
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15 Jan 1944 WW2 Repair ship Akashi completed the repair work for light cruiser Nagara at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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15 Jan 1944 WW2 Allied convoy JW-56A sailed into a storm off the Faroe Islands; it was redirected to Akureyri, Iceland for shelter. 
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15 Jan 1944 WW2 German XIV Panzer Corps abandoned Monte Trocchio, Italy and fell back across the Rapido River; US II Corps would capture Monte Trocchio later in the same day. Meanwhile, General Juin's French troops captured Monte Santa Croce. 
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15 Jan 1944 WW2 Free French Expeditionary Corps reached Castel Sant'Elia, Italy. 
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15 Jan 1945 WW2 German report noted that the total number of prisoners in concentration camps was 714,211; there were about 40,000 guards at the camps. 
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15 Jan 1945 WW2 36 US Navy F4U fighters and several New Zealand fighters took off from Green Islands east of Australian Papua and attacked the Toboi wharf area of Rabaul, New Britain and the nearby floatplane anchorage. 7 aircraft were lost to poor weather en route back to Green Islands. 
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15 Jan 1945 WW2 Adolf Hitler ordered Panzerkorps Grossdeutschland to move from East Prussia, Germany to Poland to counter the Soviet Vistula-Oder Offensive. This counterattack would be repulsed by the Soviet 1st Byelorussian Front. 
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15 Jan 1945 WW2 Adolf Hitler departed the Adlerhorst headquarters in Wetterau, Germany, returning to Berlin. 
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15 Jan 1945 WW2 Roza Shanina reached Eydtkuhnen, Ostpreußen (East Prussia), Germany (now Chernyshevskoye, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia). 
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15 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Whale arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii, ending her tenth war patrol. 
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15 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Sunfish departed Majuro, Marshall Islands for her tenth war patrol. 
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15 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Ticonderoga launched Air Group 80 aircraft for strikes on Taiwan, hitting Kaneka Soda Company chemical plant (mis-identified as a magnesium plant) in Tainan, among other targets. 1 aircraft was lost on this day. 
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15 Jan 1945 WW2 The Inrin Temporary Prisoners of War Camp in central Taiwan was closed. 
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15 Jan 1945 WW2 German V-2 rocket hit Rainham, London, England, United Kingdom at about 2345, killing 14 and seriously injuring 4. 
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15 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Iowa arrived at San Francisco, California, United States. 
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15 Jan 1947 WW2 Hornet (Essex-class) was decommissioned from service. 
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15 Jan 1949 WW2 Chen Changjie was captured by Chinese Communist forces in Tianjin, China. 
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15 Jan 1970 RELIGIOUS Israeli archaeologists reported uncovering the first evidence supporting the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 A.D. by military forces of the ancient Roman Empire.
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