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History on the 17th of January

History
Date Text
17 Jan 0395 RELIGIOUS With the death of Emperor Theodosius I (the Great), this became the last day the (Christian) Roman Empire was controlled by a single leader. In his wisdom, Theodosius had divided the empire into western and eastern portions.
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17 Jan 1377 RELIGIOUS The Papal See was moved back to Rome by Gregory XI. Located in France for 72 years, it had been moved to Avignon by French pope Clement V in 1305, originally to escape the political turmoil rampant within Italy at the time.
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17 Jan 1562 RELIGIOUS The Edict of St. Germain officially recognized French Protestantism.
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17 Jan 1745 RELIGIOUS Colonial missionary to the American Indians David Brainerd wrote in his journal: 'Oh, how comfortable and sweet it is, to feel the assistance of divine grace in the performance of the duties which God has enjoined on us!'
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17 Jan 1915 WW2 Henry Arnold's daughter Lois Elizabeth Arnold was born at Fort William McKinley in Manila, Philippine Islands. 
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17 Jan 1917 WW2 Robert Greim was promoted to the rank of Oberleutnant. 
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17 Jan 1923 WW2 The keel of light cruiser La Motte-Picquet was laid down by the Arsenal de Lorient in France. 
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17 Jan 1925 WW2 Douglas MacArthur was promoted to the rank of major general, making him the youngest at that rank in the US Army. 
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17 Jan 1933 WW2 US Congress approved the plan for the independence of the Philippine Islands. 
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17 Jan 1934 WW2 Vice Admiral Hisao Ichimura was named the commanding officer of Chinkai Guard District in southern Korea. 
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17 Jan 1937 WW2 With the arrival in Spain of the Italian volunteers the Spanish Nationalists now felt confident to mount an offensive on the southern provinces of Republican Spain. Three Nationalist columns converged on Málaga; The Army of the South (General Gonzalo) advanced from the west, whilst from Grenada, to the north of the city, advanced Colonel Antonio Muñoz Jiménez. The third column, attacking from the north, consisted of the Italians of General Mario Roatta. Although large numbers of Republican troops were available to defend Málaga, they were badly organised and were steadily forced back over the course of the following two weeks. 
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17 Jan 1937 WW2 Upon his father's passing, Oliver Leese was made the Third Baronet of the Leese Baronetcy. 
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17 Jan 1938 WW2 Japanese Navy revealed requirements for the next generation of carrier fighters to representatives from Nakajima and Mitsubishi; Nakajima thought the requirements were impossible and dropped out of the race, while Mitsubishi was able to meet the requirements with its prototype A6M Type 0 fighter in 1939. 
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17 Jan 1938 WW2 Franklin Roosevelt began the March of Dimes campaign to fight poliomyelitis. 
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17 Jan 1938 WW2 Japanese Foreign Minister Koki Hirota's message to a diplomat stationed in the United States was intercepted by the Americans. In this message, he made note of the atrocities happening in Nanjing, China and compared the Japanese Army in Nanjing to those serving under Attila the Hun. 
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17 Jan 1938 WW2 The keel of Hammann was laid down by the Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company of Kearny, New Jersey, United States. 
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17 Jan 1939 WW2 The French battleship Richelieu was launched at Brest, France. 
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17 Jan 1940 WW2 German submarine U-25 torpedoed and sank British steamer Polzella near the Shetland Islands, Scotland, United Kingdom. When the Norwegian ship Enid came to rescue any potential survivors, U-25 shelled, torpedoed, and sank her. Polzella's entire crew was killed, while Enid's crew of 16 were later rescued by British trawler Granada and Danish merchant ship Kina. 
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17 Jan 1940 WW2 Belgium revealed to the German ambassador that Belgium had learned German plans and not-yet-executed orders for the invasion of Belgium. 
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17 Jan 1940 WW2 Finland registered temperatures as low as -45 degrees Celsius (-45 Degrees Fahrenheit). The cold weather posed problems for both Finnish and Soviet troops fighting in Finland. 
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17 Jan 1940 WW2 Polish cryptographers in Paris, France cracked the German air force's Enigma codes, making it possible to intercept and read all the Luftwaffe's secret transmissions. 
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17 Jan 1941 WW2 German submarine U-96 attacked British liner Almeda Star 200 miles west of Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides, Scotland, United Kingdom at 0745 hours, firing four torpedoes and her deck gun. Four lifeboats were launched before Almeda Star sank, but when seven British destroyers arrived, none of them were found, thus all aboard were lost (137 crew, 29 gunners, and 194 passengers). 
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17 Jan 1941 WW2 Italian submarine Marcello approached an Allied convoy off the Outer Hebrides, Scotland, United Kingdom, but was detected by an escort destroyer, which attacked the submarine with five depth charges. Marcello suffered damage in her forward trim tank, forcing her end her war patrol to return to base. 
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17 Jan 1941 WW2 German submarine U-106 sank British ship Zealandic off the Outer Hebrides, Scotland, United Kingdom with three torpedoes. 73 survivors took to three lifeboats, but none were ever found. 
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17 Jan 1941 WW2 German Luftwaffe Stuka dive bombers attacked Malta. 
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17 Jan 1941 WW2 A French naval squadron attacked the Thai anchorage at Ko Chang island near the Thai-Cambodian border, sinking two gunboats, damaging a coastal defense ship, and killing 36 men. 
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17 Jan 1941 WW2 British corvette HMS Rhododendron hit a mine in Liverpool Harbor, England, United Kingdom. She was to remain out of action for three months for repairs. 
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17 Jan 1942 WW2 HMS Indomitable departed Port Sudan in British East Africa with 48 RAF Hurricane fighters for Singapore in Operation Opposition. 
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17 Jan 1942 WW2 German submarine U-87 sank Norwegian tanker Nyholt at 0359 hours with 8 torpedoes and 120 rounds from the deck gun; all 41 aboard survived in two lifeboats, but only one lifeboat would eventually be rescued; of the 23 originally aboard this boat, 2 would die of exposure prior to rescue. Later in the day, at 1121 hours, German submarine U-203 sank Norwegian ship Octavian, killing all 17 aboard. 
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17 Jan 1942 WW2 A Japanese fleet consisting of four carriers (Akagi, Kaga, Zuikaku, Shokaku), two battleships (Hiei, Kirishima), and several cruisers and destroyers departed Truk, Caroline Islands under the command of Chuichi Nagumo for Rabaul, New Britain. 
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17 Jan 1942 WW2 Kaga departed Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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17 Jan 1942 WW2 Akagi departed Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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17 Jan 1942 WW2 5,000 Axis troops at the Halfaya Pass, Egypt surrendered to the South African 6th Infantry Brigade. 
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17 Jan 1942 WW2 German armed merchant cruiser Thor departed La Rochelle, France, for her second raiding cruise. 
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17 Jan 1942 WW2 Joseph Rochefort's cryptanalytic team in US Territory of Hawaii detected Japanese carrier Shokaku at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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17 Jan 1942 WW2 Joseph Rochefort's cryptanalytic team in US Territory of Hawaii detected Japanese carrier Zuikaku at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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17 Jan 1942 WW2 British destroyer HMS Jupiter forced Japanese submarine I-60 to surface 65 miles west of Krakatoa, Dutch East Indies. I-60 returned fire with her deck gun, killing 3 and wounding 9. I-60 was ultimately sunk by Jupiter; 85 were killed, 2 survived. 
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17 Jan 1942 WW2 Tatsuta Maru was re-requisitioned by the Japanese Navy and was attached to the Yokosuka Naval District, Japan. 
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17 Jan 1942 WW2 Indian 45th Brigade withdrew from Bukit Bakri, British Malaya. 
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17 Jan 1942 WW2 HMS Gurkha (Commander C. N. Lentaigne), escorting Allied convoy MW-8B, was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine U-133 off Sollum, Egypt at 0735 hours; 9 were killed, 240 survived. Gurkha, formerly HMS Larne, was an L-class destroyer which had been paid for by every officer and man of the Gurkha Brigade subscribing a days pay to provide a new ship after the loss of the Tribal-Class HMS Gurkha in Apr 1940. 
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17 Jan 1942 WW2 German submarine U-454 attacked Allied convoy PQ-8 20 miles off the Kola Inlet in northern Russia at 2221 hours, sinking British Tribal-class destroyer HMS Matabele (under Commander A. C. Stafford; 236 were killed, 2 survived), sinking Soviet trawler RT-68 Enisej, and damaging British merchant ship Harmatris (civilian convoy commodore's flagship). Later in the day, surviving ships of PQ-8 arrived in Murmansk, Russia. 
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17 Jan 1942 WW2 Walther von Reichenau passed away from either a cerebral hemorrhage or a heartattack near Poltava, Ukraine. 
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17 Jan 1942 WW2 The Boeing 314 Clipper Flying Boat "Berwick" with Winston Churchill aboard suffered a navigational error and would have flown into France had not been a last minute course correction. When the aircraft approached Britain from the south, the aircraft was initially treated as hostile and six Hurricane fighters were scrambled to intercept; the fighters failed to locate Churchill's transport. 
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17 Jan 1943 WW2 Satoru Anabuki, flying Ki-43 fighter "Fubuki", shot down a Hurricane fighter over Burma, his 16th victory. 
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17 Jan 1943 WW2 A Japanese convoy carrying Japanese Army troops transferred from China departed Truk, Caroline Islands for Shortland Islands, Solomon Islands. 
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17 Jan 1943 WW2 Repair ship Akashi began repairing seaplane tender Sanyo Maru and destroyers Kagero and Oyashio at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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17 Jan 1943 WW2 Journalist Richard Dimbleby flew in a British No. 106 Squadron Lancaster bomber over Berlin, Germany during a raid to record a live report, which was broadcast by the BBC on the following day. 
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17 Jan 1943 WW2 Nachi arrived at Paramushiro (Paramushir), Kurile Islands. 
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17 Jan 1943 WW2 USS Finback sank a Japanese patrol boat south of Japan with her deck gun. 
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17 Jan 1943 WW2 USS Whale sank Japanese freighter Heiyo Maru between Truk, Caroline Islands and Japan, hitting her with 7 of 9 torpedoes fired. 
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17 Jan 1943 WW2 USS Grayback fired torpedoes at destroyer, which was escorting a freighter, in the Solomon Sea; the torpedoes missed, and Grayback was subjected to 19 depth charges, which caused a serious leak that would force her to cut her patrol short. 
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17 Jan 1943 WW2 Allied convoy JW-52 departed Liverpool, England, United Kingdom. 
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17 Jan 1944 WW2 US aircraft attacked Rabaul, New Britain. The Japanese shot down 8 P-38, 1 F6F, 1 F4U, 1 SBD, and 1 TBF aircraft. 
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17 Jan 1944 WW2 US 45th Fighter Squadron, flying P-40 fighters, was transferred from Baker Island of Ellice Islands to Makin, Gilbert Islands. 
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17 Jan 1944 WW2 British X Corps attacked the western end of the German Gustav Line in Italy. 
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17 Jan 1944 WW2 An Italian motor torpedo boat raid on Allied-held Naples, Italy was aborted. 
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17 Jan 1944 WW2 Shokaku departed Yokosuka, Japan to join Zuikaku in the Inland Sea. 
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17 Jan 1944 WW2 Light carrier Ryuho entered the drydocks at Innoshima, Hiroshima, Japan. 
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17 Jan 1944 WW2 USS Whale claimed sinking a Japanese freighter in the Philippine Sea, hiting her with 3 of 9 torpedoes fired. 
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17 Jan 1945 WW2 US Navy intelligence estimated that the German submarine sailing for New York City waters off the east coast of the United States, U-869, would arrive in early Feb 1945. 
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17 Jan 1945 WW2 Japanese forces in Burma began organizing counterattacks against the latest Anglo-Indian offensive. 
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17 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Guitarro arrvied at Mios Woendi, Biak Islands, Dutch East Indies and received repairs. 
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17 Jan 1945 WW2 Roza Shanina wrote a letter to a friend, in which she noted that she might be on the verge of being killed in combat as the numbers of her battalion dwindled. 
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17 Jan 1945 WW2 Salonika in Greece was occupied by British troops. 
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17 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Puffer arrived at Guam, Mariana Islands, ending her sixth war patrol. 
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17 Jan 1945 WW2 The encircled Axis garrison in Budapest, Hungary withdrew across the Danube River to Buda. 
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17 Jan 1945 WW2 Raoul Wallenberg was transferred out of Budapest, Hungary for Moscow, Russia by the order of Joseph Stalin's deputy Nikolai Bulganin. 
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17 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Wake Island was detached from Task Group 77.14. 
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17 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Shamrock Bay completed her duties off Luzon, Philippine Islands and set sail for Ulithi, Caroline Islands as a part of Task Group 77.14. 
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17 Jan 1945 WW2 After crossing the Warthe River, Soviet troops expanded their bridgehead to 160 miles wide and 100 miles deep, causing the Germans to evacuate Warsaw, Poland (which would soon be occupied by Soviet forces) and Chelmno Extermination Camp; on the same day, Soviet forces also captured Kielce. Angry at the abandonment of Warsaw, Adolf Hitler sacked General Smilo von Lüttwitz and General Walter Fries. Meanwhile, Soviet Marshal Ivan Konev received orders to move toward the Upper Silesia region. 
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17 Jan 1945 WW2 67,012 prisoners were present at Auschwitz Concentration Camp's last evening roll call; they would soon embark on the Death March. Meanwhile, Nazi doctor Josef Mengele began to destroy his laboratories at sector BIIf of Birkenau camp; he would soon evacuate the camp with records of his experiments on twins, dwarfs, and disabled people. 
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17 Jan 1945 WW2 USAAF XX Bomber Command launched 90 or 92 B-29 bombers from Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China against Shinchiku Airfield in northern Taiwan; 78 or 79 of them made it over to the target area, damaging hangars, barracks, and other buildings. This was to be the final B-29 mission against Taiwan. 
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17 Jan 1945 WW2 Submarine Mero was launched at Manitowoc, Wisconsin, United States, sponsored by the wife of Henry G. Taylor. 
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17 Jan 1945 WW2 Henry Arnold suffered his fourth heart attack. 
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17 Jan 1946 WW2 HMS Colossus was drydocked at the Selborne drydock at Simonstown, South Africa for repairs and refitting. 
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17 Jan 1947 WW2 Chinese Nationalist forces captured Xiaoyi, Shanxi, China, defeating the Communists forces garrisoned there. 
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17 Jan 1963 RELIGIOUS The Baptist World Mission was incorporated in Chicago. This independent organization of Baptist tradition is engaged primarily in evangelism, church planting and education in 17 overseas countries.
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