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History on the 18th of January

History
Date Text
18 Jan 1562 RELIGIOUS The Council of Trent
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18 Jan 1815 RELIGIOUS Birth of L.F.K. Tischendorf, German biblical and textual scholar. In 1844 he discovered one of the oldest and most valuable manuscripts of the Greek Bible, the Codex Sinaiticus, which dates back to the 4th century.
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18 Jan 1846 RELIGIOUS Taylor University was established in Fort Wayne, Indiana, under Methodist sponsorship.
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18 Jan 1891 RELIGIOUS The first Armenian Church in the U.S. was consecrated in Worcester, MA. New churches were later consecrated in Fresno, CA (1900); West Hoboken, NJ (1907); and Fowler, CA (1910).
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18 Jan 1911 WW2 Eugene Ely, completing a series of tests, landed a Curtiss pusher aboard the cruiser USS Pennsylvania at anchor in San Francisco, California, United States. Less than one hour later he took off and returned to Selfridge Field, San Francisco. 
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18 Jan 1914 WW2 Adolf Hitler, who had registered as a stateless person in order to aviod military service in Austria-Hungary, was arrested by a München (Munich) police official and taken to the Austrian Consulate, from where he was deported to Salzburg in Austria to enter the army. 
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18 Jan 1919 WW2 The Paris Peace Conference opened in Versailles, France. 
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18 Jan 1919 WW2 Masafumi Arima was assigned to battleship Suo. 
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18 Jan 1936 RELIGIOUS In Washington, DC, Catholic biblical scholars met to discuss two proposals: the preparation of a new Bible translation and the formation of a society of Catholic biblical scholars. In result, the Catholic Biblical Association (CBA) was formed in 1937, and the New American Bible (NAB) was published in 1970.
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18 Jan 1937 WW2 The keel of repair ship Akashi was laid down at the Sasebo Naval Arsenal, Japan. 
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18 Jan 1937 WW2 Roderick Carr was named the commanding officer of Fleet Air Arm units aboard HMS Eagle. 
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18 Jan 1940 WW2 German submarine U-44 sank the Danish vessel Canadian Reefer, sailing for Britain with fruit, in the Bay of Biscay. The crew of 26 were rescued by a Spanish trawler. 
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18 Jan 1940 WW2 German submarine U-25 sank Swedish merchant ship Pajala with three torpedoes in the North Sea at 1625 hours. Escort HMS Northern Duke rescued 35 after unsuccessfully depth charging U-25. 
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18 Jan 1940 WW2 German submarine U-55 sank Swedish merchant ship Foxen in the North Sea, killing 17, at 1745 hours. 
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18 Jan 1940 WW2 German submarine U-9 attacked Swedish merchant ship Patricia with two torpedoes in the North Sea at 2353 hours, but the torpedoes went astray, hitting and sinking Flandria instead. Norwegian merchant ship Balzac would rescue four survivors two days later. 
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18 Jan 1940 WW2 Having already destroyed Soviet 163rd and 44th Divisions, Finnish Army Colonel Siilasvuo was ordered to take the Finnish 9th Division 30 miles south to Kuhmo to attack the Soviet 54th Division under the command of Chuikov. 
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18 Jan 1940 WW2 Tatsuta Maru departed San Francisco, California, United States; 512 civilian seamen from the scuttled German liner Columbus were supposed to be aboard, but they canceled their journeys at the last moment in fear of possible British interception of the liner which might lead to their imprisonment. 
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18 Jan 1941 WW2 German cruiser Admiral Scheer captured Norwegian tanker Sandefjord 1,000 miles off the coast of Angola, Portuguese West Africa. The ship, along with her cargo of 11,000 tons of crude oil, was sent to France as a prize ship. 
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18 Jan 1941 WW2 German armed merchant cruiser Kormoran sank British tanker British Union 700 miles west of the Canary Islands, killing 10. 28 survivors were captured by Kormoran and 7 survivors were rescued by British auxiliary cruiser HMS Arawa on the following day. 
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18 Jan 1941 WW2 German Luftwaffe Stuka dive bombers attacked Malta for the third consecutive day, destroying 6 RAF aircraft and damaging many more at the Luqa and Hal Far airfields. 
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18 Jan 1941 WW2 British destroyer HMS Castleton was damaged by German bombing while under repair at Portsmouth, England, United Kingdom. 
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18 Jan 1942 WW2 German submarine U-86 sank Greek ship Dimitrios G. Thermiotis off Newfoundland at 0613 hours, killing all 33 aboard. German submarine U-66 sank US tanker Allan Jackson 30 kilometers northeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, United States at 0833 hours, killing 23 of 35 aboard. Also off North Carolina, just to the southwest, U-123 damaged US tanker Malay, killing 5. At 0644 hours, German submarine U-552 sank US ship Frances Salman, killing all 28 aboard. 
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18 Jan 1942 WW2 The Dutch began to destroy oil facilities at Balikpapan, Dutch Borneo. 
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18 Jan 1942 WW2 Germany, Japan, and Italy signed a military agreement in Berlin, Germany. 
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18 Jan 1942 WW2 British anti-submarine trawler HMS Erin and minesweeping trawler HMS Honjo were destroyed by a mysterious explosion in Gibraltar, which also damaged anti-submarine trawler HMS Imperialist. Spanish saboteurs and Italian frogmen were the main suspects. 
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18 Jan 1942 WW2 Joseph Rochefort's cryptanalytic team in US Territory of Hawaii intercepted Japanese Navy radio messages that mentioned an invasion or occupation force against a target code named "R", which Rochefort guessed was Rabaul, New Britain. He would pass this information to Chester Nimitz via Edwin Layton. 
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18 Jan 1942 WW2 Japanese battleship Mutsu towed the old Italian-built armored cruiser Nisshin as a target ship during battleship Yamato's gunnery trials off Kurahashi Island, Japan. 
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18 Jan 1942 WW2 Mutsu towed the old Italian-built armored cruiser Nisshin as a target ship for battleship Yamato's gunnery trials off Kurahashi Island, Japan. 
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18 Jan 1942 WW2 Australian troops destroyed 9 Japanese tanks north of Bakri, Malaya at 0645 hours, but by the evening the Japanese were able to get through this area. 
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18 Jan 1942 WW2 USS Plunger sank Japanese freighter Eizan Maru 23 miles off Honshu, Japan. 
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18 Jan 1942 WW2 German 11.Armee captured Feodosiya in the Crimea region of Russia, sealing off the Soviet bridgehead near Kerch. 
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18 Jan 1942 WW2 German II and X Korps were cut off at Demyansk, Russia; the Luftwaffe maintained an aerial supply line to these surrounded troops. 
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18 Jan 1942 WW2 Soviet 54th Army broke through German defenses at Pogoste, Russia, 75 kilometers southeast of Leningrad. Further south, Soviet 2nd Shock Army penetrated German lines near Spasskaya Polisk on the Volkhov River. 
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18 Jan 1942 WW2 Soviet troops attacked across the Donets River in southern Russia and eastern Ukraine, hoping to cut off German forces around the Sea of Azov. 
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18 Jan 1942 WW2 Feldmarschall Fedor von Bock succeeded Walther von Reichenau as the head of German Armeegruppe Süd fighting in Ukraine. 
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18 Jan 1943 WW2 Brigadier General Howard Ramey arrived in Australia to replace the recently missing Kenneth Walker. 
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18 Jan 1943 WW2 USAAF B-17 and P-39 aircraft sank Japanese cargo ship Yamafuku Maru off Shortland Islands, Solomon Islands. 
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18 Jan 1943 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru departed Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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18 Jan 1943 WW2 Admiral Yamamoto came aboard battleship Musashi at Truk in the Caroline Islands, which would officially become his flagship on 11 Feb 1943. 
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18 Jan 1943 WW2 Repair ship Akashi completed refitting light cruiser Agano at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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18 Jan 1943 WW2 USS Runner departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for her first war patrol. 
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18 Jan 1943 WW2 Tatsuta Maru arrived at Hong Kong. 
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18 Jan 1943 WW2 Destroyer Yukikaze departed Kure, Japan to escort carriers Zuikaku and Zuiho to Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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18 Jan 1943 WW2 The first armed resistance against deportation began in Warsaw Ghetto in Poland. 
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18 Jan 1943 WW2 Cherkessk in the Caucasus region of southern Russia was liberated by Soviet troops. 
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18 Jan 1943 WW2 Operation Spark, which commenced 6 days earlier, successfully opened a corridor into Leningrad, Russia on this day. The Soviet government announced the end of the siege, although that state would still continue until 27 Jan 1943. 
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18 Jan 1943 WW2 Late in the day, three He 111 transport aircraft of German Luftwaffe unit III./KG 55 attempted to land at the small Gumrak Airfield at Stalingrad, Russia. The first landed but would not be able to takeoff again, the second made ten failed attempts at lining up with the wreck-strewn short runway but ultimately pushed its cargo of 20 sacks of bread out of the bomb bay doors without landing, and the third followed suit. 
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18 Jan 1943 WW2 US government banned the sale of sliced bread by commercial bakers; they must sell their bread in entire loaves in order to save wrapping material. The ban would be lifted on 8 Mar 1943 after officials realized the ban was ineffective. 
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18 Jan 1944 WW2 Repeated Soviet attacks near Vitebsk, Byelorussia were repulsed by German Armeegruppe Mitte. 
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18 Jan 1944 WW2 A Sino-American Cooperative Organization (SACO) team arrived at Xamba, Suiyuan Province to establish the weather station Camp Four. 
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18 Jan 1944 WW2 P-40N fighters of US 45th Fighter Squadron attacked Japanese positions on Jaluit and Mili in the Marshall Islands with bombs, experimental rockets, and machine guns. 
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18 Jan 1944 WW2 Lieutenant Alex George Horwood of the British Queen's Royal Regiment was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for outstanding conduct at Kyauchaw, Burma, during three days of continuous attacks. 
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18 Jan 1945 WW2 Allied aircraft attacked Japanese positions at Monywa, Burma while the Indian 20th Division assaulted the port city on the Chindwin River. 
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18 Jan 1945 WW2 German forces launched an offensive from around Lake Balaton, aimed at relieving the Budapest encirclement in Hungary. Meanwhile, Soviet forces liberated the Budapest ghetto. 
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18 Jan 1945 WW2 Light carrier Ryuho arrived at Kure, Japan at 0930 hours. 
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18 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Spot fired two torpedoes at a Japanese boat in the Yellow Sea; both torpedoes missed. 
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18 Jan 1945 WW2 66,000 prisoners from the Auschwitz Concentration Camp were transferred into Germany. 
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18 Jan 1945 WW2 German troops evacuated Kraków, Poland. Soviet troops reached Lódz, Poland. 
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18 Jan 1945 WW2 The British government reported that, as of Nov 1944, British forces suffered 282,162 killed, 80,580 missing, 386,374 wounded, and 294,438 captured. 
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18 Jan 1945 WW2 Royal Scots Fusilier Dennis Donnini became the youngest man to win a Victoria Cross during WW2. In an action at Roermond, the Netherlands the 19-years-old Fusilier (only 4-ft 10-in tall), despite having been hit on the head by a ricocheting bullet bravely charged a German position and destroyed it with grenades, being wounded again in the process. Later to allow his comrades to outflank a second German position, he stood in the open blazing away with a Bren gun until he was killed by a chance bullet that hit a grenade he was about to throw, blowing him up. Fusilier Donnini was awarded a posthumous Victoria Cross for his valour. Donnini's brother had died of war wounds in 1944 and a second sibling has been a prisoner of war since Dunkirk. 
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18 Jan 1945 WW2 Prime Minister Winston Churchill, in a speech before the House of Commons, announced that "US troops have done almost all the fighting (in the Ardennes) suffering losses equal to those of both sides at the Battler of Gettysburg". This was interpreted by many as a direct and insulting attack on the abilities of Bernard Montgomery and the British fighting forces in Europe. 
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18 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Alabama entered a drydock at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, Washington, United States. 
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18 Jan 1946 WW2 Sproston was decommissioned from service. 
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18 Jan 1946 WW2 USS Wisconsin arrived at Hampton Roads, Virginia, United States. 
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17th January 19th January
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