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History on the 21st of January

History
Date Text
21 Jan 1525 RELIGIOUS History's first Anabaptist baptismal service took place in Zurich, Switzerland, when Conrad Grebel (re-)baptized George Blaurock.
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21 Jan 1549 RELIGIOUS Parliament passed the first of four British Acts of Uniformity, this first requiring the exclusive use of the Book of Common Prayer (later called the First Prayer Book of Edward VI) in all public services of the Anglican Church.
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21 Jan 1738 RELIGIOUS English revivalist George Whitefield wrote in his journal: 'I desire to have no greater portion than the prayers of the poor.'
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21 Jan 1772 RELIGIOUS Pioneer Methodist bishop Frances Asbury wrote in his journal: 'Though a stranger in a strange land, God has taken care of me.'
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21 Jan 1916 WW1 Begin of Battle of Hanna
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21 Jan 1918 WW2 While conducting a night exercise, Chuichi Nagumo's destroyer Kisaragi collided with sailing vessel Miyajima Maru; Nagumo was sentenced to two days in the brig. 
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21 Jan 1919 WW2 The Irish Dáil (Revolutionary Nationalist Parliament) declared a state of war between Ireland and England. The Irish Volunteers were reconstituted as the para-military "Irish Republican Army" (IRA). 
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21 Jan 1920 WW2 USS R-5 joined the US Navy winter exercises in the Gulf of Mexico. 
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21 Jan 1920 WW2 The Paris Peace Conference ended. 
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21 Jan 1924 WW2 Vladimir Lenin passed away in Gorki near Moscow, Russia. Joseph Stalin would soon begin to purge his political rivals. 
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21 Jan 1928 WW2 HMS Hermes departed Britain. 
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21 Jan 1931 WW2 Sir Isaac Isaacs became the first Australian-born Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia. 
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21 Jan 1939 WW2 Czechoslovakian foreign minister visited Adolf Hitler in Berlin, Germany; Hitler demanded Czechoslovakia to decrease the size of its military, to hand over a large portion of its gold reserves to be stored in Germany, and to begin excluding Jews in society. 
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21 Jan 1940 WW2 The sinking of the HMS Grenville is announced by the Admiralty. 8 were reported killed and 73 were reported as missing and presumably dead. 
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21 Jan 1940 WW2 Soviet 8th Army launched unsuccessful attack on Finnish Group Talvela on the River Aittojoki near Ladoga, Karelia. 
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21 Jan 1940 WW2 A German officer shot Mr. Opacki in the streets of Kraków simply because Mr. Opacki had not shown sufficient respect when stepping out of the way for the German officer. 
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21 Jan 1940 WW2 Swedish steam merchant vessel Andalusia, along with her crew of 21 men, became missing early in the morning off the western coast of Scotland; she was believed to be sunk by German submarine U-55. 
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21 Jan 1940 WW2 British cruiser Liverpool stopped Japanese liner Asama Maru 35 miles off of Japan. 21 German sailors, survivors of the German liner Columbus which was scuttled off the US coast on 19 Dec 1939, were imprisoned. 
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21 Jan 1940 WW2 German submarine U-22 attacked British merchant vessel Cyprian Prince in the Moray Firth in Scotland, United Kingdom at 0538 hours but failed to hit her. At 0600 hours, she torpedoed and sank destroyer HMS Exmouth off Wick, killing 189, which was the entire crew. At 0711 hours, she torpedoed Danish ship Tekla, killing 4; 9 crew members survived, rescued by HMS Sikh and Norwegian ship Iris. 
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21 Jan 1941 WW2 The British government suppressed the publication of communist newspaper 'The Daily Worker'. 
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21 Jan 1941 WW2 The Allies began attacking Tobruk, Libya, starting with an artillery barrage at 0540 hours. Australian engineers cleared a path for 18 British Matilda tanks and a few captured Italian tanks to pass through, leading infantrymen. Blenheim aircraft flew overhead throughout the day to provide support. 8,000 Italians were captured in overrun defensive positions, including General Petassi Manella. After nightfall, the headquarters of the Australian 19th Brigade offered Manella a ceasefire, but it was rejected, as the Italian general had orders from Benito Mussolini to fight until the last man. Overnight, Italian bombers attacked the British forward base; some bombs fell on the buildings holding prisoners of war, killing 50-300 Italians. 
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21 Jan 1941 WW2 German bombers sank British rescue tug HMS Englishman 50 miles off the coast of County Donegal, Ireland; the entire crew of 18 were killed. 
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21 Jan 1941 WW2 Commander Arthur Reid Pedder was named the commanding officer of HMS Mauritius. 
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21 Jan 1941 WW2 The last recorded charge by cavalry against a British battery occurred in Eritrea, Italian East Africa when a battery of the 144th (Surrey and Sussex Yeomanry) Field Regiment Royal Artillery was surprised by about sixty mounted Eritreans, led by an Italian officer, who came on at the gallop firing from the saddle and lobbing grenades as they charged; the Battery replied with shell ands small arms fire, and the cavalry retired leaving about forty of their number killed or wounded on the field. Elsewhere, Indian 5th Infantry Division advanced 50 miles into Eritrea, capturing Aicota unopposed. Finally, Indian 10th Infantry Brigade and 2nd Battalion of the British Highland Light Infantry marched for Keru. 
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21 Jan 1942 WW2 German General Erwin Rommel began his counterattack into Cyrenaica from El Agheila, Libya. 
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21 Jan 1942 WW2 American carriers Enterprise and Yorktown and their task forces set course to raid Marshall and Gilbert Islands. 
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21 Jan 1942 WW2 USS Edsall and Australian minesweepers attacked and sank Japanese submarine I-22 off Darwin, Australia; I-22 was on a mine-laying mission. 
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21 Jan 1942 WW2 Shokaku launched strikes against Lae. 
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21 Jan 1942 WW2 HMS Indomitable refueled at Addu Atoll, Maldive Islands and departed for Java. 
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21 Jan 1942 WW2 Following the catastrophe of the previous day, Japanese Mitsubishi A6M fighters escorted the bombers to Singapore and shot down five of the defending Hurricane fighters without loss; during the period 30 Dec 1941 to 15 Feb 1942, Singapore would suffer 18 heavy air raids and 25 lesser attacks. Meanwhile, to the north in Malaya, the retreat of Indian and Australian troops from Bakri was blocked at the Parit Sulong bridge at 0930 hours. 
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21 Jan 1942 WW2 Destroyer HMS Opportune (G-80) was launched. 
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21 Jan 1942 WW2 Dutch motor launch Attla embarked the crew of USS S-36, which became stuck on Taka Bakang Reef in the Makassar Strait between British Borneo and Celebes, Dutch East Indies on the prior date. 
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21 Jan 1942 WW2 Japanese troops penetrated the west side of the Abucay-Mauban defensive line at Mount Natib on Luzon, Philippine Islands and began to cut off supplies to US-Filipino troops on the line. 
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21 Jan 1942 WW2 Japanese submarine I-66 sank British ship Chak Sang (5 were killed, 61 survived) and Panamanian ship Nord 125 miles southwest of Rangoon, Burma. 
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21 Jan 1942 WW2 German submarine U-754 sank Norwegian ship Belize off Newfoundland at 1922 hours, killing all 24 aboard. German submarine U-130 sank Norwegian tanker Alexandra Høegh 200 miles east of Rhodes Island, United States at 2221 hours; all 28 aboard survived. 
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21 Jan 1942 WW2 Akagi's aircraft carried out strikes against Kavieng, New Ireland. 
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21 Jan 1942 WW2 Frustrated Australian Chaplain John May at Rabaul, New Britain sent a message to Townsville, Australia containing the Latin phrase "Morituri vos salutamus", or "we who are about to die salute you", referring to the Australian government's abandonment of those deployed to Rabaul. To the east, a Catalina aircraft from Buka Island took off at dawn and spotted a Japanese cruiser force 6 hours later; the aircraft was shot down by fighters; 3 were killed, 5 were captured by cruiser Aoba. Shortly after, 52 carrier aircraft attacked Kavieng, New Ireland. At 1630 hours, RAAF command ordered the No. 24 Squadron to attack any Japanese fleets that might be approaching Rabaul as if it did not know that No. 24 Squadron had effectively been wiped out by Japanese attacks on the previous day; nevertheless, the last surviving Hudson bomber was launched on patrol, and would return after failing to find any Japanese ships. 
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21 Jan 1942 WW2 Japanese Sakaguchi Detachment departed the island of Tarakan for Balikpapan, Dutch Borneo. Cruiser USS Boise, cruiser USS Marblehead, and four destroyers departed Koepang, Dutch Timor to intercept; en route, USS Boise hit a rock and USS Marblehead suffered engine trouble, thus the destroyers would sail on by themselves. 
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21 Jan 1942 WW2 Naka departed Tarakan, Dutch Borneo. 
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21 Jan 1942 WW2 USS Pollack arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii, ending her first war patrol. 
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21 Jan 1942 WW2 The German Luftwaffe resumed bombing London, England, United Kingdom and a number of southern British ports. 
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21 Jan 1943 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Rabaul and departed later on the same day. 
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21 Jan 1943 WW2 Soviet troops captured Voroshilovsky and Stavropol in the Caucasus region of southern Russia, claiming 500,000 German dead and 200,000 Germans captured in the last two months of fighting. 
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21 Jan 1943 WW2 Allied leadership issued the directive to RAF and USAAF commanders "our primary objective will be the progressive destruction and dislocation of the German military, industrial and economic system, and the undermining of the morale of the German people to a point where their capacity for armed resistance is fatally wounded." 
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21 Jan 1943 WW2 USS Gato attacked a Japanese convoy east of Kieta, Bougainville, Solomon Islands, damaging one transport. 
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21 Jan 1943 WW2 USS Pollack attacked a Japanese cargo ship off Honshu, Japan with two torpedoes; both torpedoes missed. 
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21 Jan 1943 WW2 Allied aircraft attacked Rabaul, New Britain, sinking small freighter Tetsusan Maru. 
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21 Jan 1943 WW2 Repair ship Akashi began repairing destroyers Uzuki and Suzukaze at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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21 Jan 1943 WW2 The United States Marine Corps established the Marine Fleet Air, West Coast at San Diego, California, United States to oversee all Fleet Marine Force aviation operations and to supply personnel and materiel to Marine Aircraft Wings, Pacific. 
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21 Jan 1944 WW2 90 German bombers attacked southern British cities. 
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21 Jan 1944 WW2 648 RAF aircraft attacked Magdeburg, Germany; 55 British aircraft and 4 German fighters were destroyed during the engagement. It was the first time Magdeburg was raided by the Allies. 
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21 Jan 1944 WW2 Light cruiser USS Vincennes was commissioned with Captain Arthur D. Brown in command. 
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21 Jan 1944 WW2 USS Seahorse sank Japanese cargo ship Yasukuni Maru and passenger-cargo ship Ikoma Maru in the Pacific Ocean, expending nine torpedoes, five of which scored hits. 
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21 Jan 1944 WW2 Cruiser Chokai reached the damaged food transport ship Irako to tow her to nearby Truk, Caroline Islands. They arrived at Truk at 1700 hours. 
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21 Jan 1944 WW2 Robert Johnson shot down a German Fw 190 aircraft over Rouen, France. 
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21 Jan 1944 WW2 Heinrich Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein shot down 5 British bombers before he was shot down by British escorting fighters. He was killed as the Ju 88 aircraft crashed in a wooded area in Lübars, Germany. 
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21 Jan 1944 WW2 USS Alabama arrived at Funafuti, Ellice Islands. 
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21 Jan 1944 WW2 Allied convoy JW-56A continued her journey from Akureyri, Iceland. 
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21 Jan 1944 WW2 In the mid-morning, German 15th Panzergrenadier Division wiped out the US beachheads along the Rapido River in Italy, forcing the survivors to withdraw back across the river. During the day, German 29th Panzergrenadier Division and 90th Panzergrenadier Division arrived in the region as reinforcement. After dark, US 141st Regiment and 143rd Regiment crossed the river again and established precarious footholds. 
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21 Jan 1944 WW2 Richard O'Connor was made the commanding officer of British VIII Corps, which included the Guards Armoured Division, 11th Armoured Division, 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division, 6th Guards Tank Brigade, 8th Group Royal Artillery, and 2nd Household Cavalry Regiment. 
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21 Jan 1944 WW2 The US 5th Marine Division ("The Spearhead") was activated at Camp Pendleton near San Diego, California, United States with the 26th, 27th and 28th Marines under command. The 28th Marines contained a cadre of men from the deactivated Marine parachute battalions. Artillery was provided the 13th Marines and Engineers (who did not deploy overseas) by the 16th Marines. 
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21 Jan 1945 WW2 In Burma, the Chinese Expeditionary Force supported by USAAF aircraft based in China captured Wangting. 
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21 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Sennet attacked a Japanese tanker off the Bonin Islands; all 8 torpedoes missed. 
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21 Jan 1945 WW2 Indian 26th Division landed on Ramree Island, Burma. 
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21 Jan 1945 WW2 Red Army units captured Tannenburg, East Prussia, Germany (now Stebark, Poland), but only after the Germans destroyed the monument memorializing the 1914 German victory over the Soviets. 
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21 Jan 1945 WW2 Submarine I-369 departed Yokosuka, Japan with supplies for Minamitorishima (Marcus Island). 
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21 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Boarfish attacked a Japanese convoy three times in the South China Sea in a period of three hours before dawn; all 16 torpedoes missed. 
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21 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Miami shot down a Japanese A6M fighter. 
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21 Jan 1945 WW2 Raoul Wallenberg was transferred to the Lubyanka prison in Moscow, Russia. 
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21 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Ticonderoga launched Air Group 80 aircraft for strikes on Taiwan; 1 man and 3 aircraft were lost. Later that day, Ticonderoga was struck by two special attack aircraft at about 120 miles southeast of Taiwan, killing 143 men and injuring 202 others. Commander Harmon Vedder Briner took temporary command of the carrier as Captain Dixie Kiefer was injured in the attacks. 
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21 Jan 1945 WW2 Allied convoy RA-63 arrived at Loch Ewe, Scotland, United Kingdom. 
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21 Jan 1949 WW2 Chiang Kaishek stepped down as the President of the Republic of China. 
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21 Jan 1949 WW2 Fritz Knoechlein, formerly an officer in the German SS Toptenkopf, went to the gallows in Hamburg, Germany, having been found guilty of "committing a war crime in that in the vicinity of Paradis, Pas-de-Calais, France, on or about 27 May 1940, in violation of the laws and usages of war, was concerned in the killing of about ninety prisoners of war, members of the 2nd Battalion, the Royal Norfolk Regiment and other British units". 
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21 Jan 1986 RELIGIOUS Charismatic Bible Ministries was founded in Oklahoma. A fraternal fellowship of charismatic organizations, CBM held its first major conference in June 1986 in Tulsa.
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