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History on the 24th of January

History
Date Text
24 Jan 1722 RELIGIOUS In Cambridge, Mass., Edward Wigglesworth was named to fill the newly created Thomas Hollis chair at Harvard College. Mr. Wigglesworth thereby became the first divinity professor commissioned in the American colonies.
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24 Jan 1738 RELIGIOUS Four months before his celebrated Christian conversion, Anglican missionary John Wesley wrote in his journal: 'I went to America to convert the Indians. But oh! who shall convert me? I have a fair summer religion... But let death look me in the face, and my spirit is troubled.'
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24 Jan 1818 RELIGIOUS Birth of Anglican clergyman John Mason Neale, who was one of the first to translate ancient Greek and Latin hymns into English. Neale thus rendered the hymns known today as "All Glory, Laud, and Honor," "Good Christian Men, Rejoice" and "O Come, O Come, Emmanuel."
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24 Jan 1915 WW1 Begin of Battle of Dogger Bank
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24 Jan 1918 WW2 The Bolsheviks set up their own government at Kharkov and invaded the Ukraine. They ran into some resistance from the 1st Polish Corps, but this was quickly overcome and the Poles were forced to withdraw westward into German-held territory, where they surrendered. 
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24 Jan 1936 WW2 Pierre Laval stepped down as the Prime Minister of France. 
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24 Jan 1938 WW2 Fuju Han passed away. 
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24 Jan 1938 WW2 Alfried von Bohlen und Halbach's wife, Anneliese Bahr, gave birth to a son. 
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24 Jan 1939 WW2 Spanish Nationalist forces were within three miles of Barcelona, Spain. At this point the Spanish Republican government, led by Dr. Juan Negrín, fled to Girona, Catalonia, Spain. The Republican troops in Barcelona continued to maintain a token resistance. 
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24 Jan 1939 WW2 Germany established the National Central Office for Jewish Emigration with branch offices in Vienna and Prague. 
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24 Jan 1939 WW2 The Legionnaires of the Moroccan Corps stormed the imposing rock citadel of Montjuich overlooking Barcelona, Spain, freeing 1,200 Political prisoners who had miraculously escaped execution. 
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24 Jan 1940 WW2 German submarine U-44 torpedoed and sank French cargo ship Alsacien 4 miles off of Lisbon, Portugul at 1140 hours, killing 4. The cargo to phosphate from Africa, destined for France, was lost. 
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24 Jan 1940 WW2 German submarine U-23 torpedoed and sank Norwegian cargo ship Varild off of the eastern coast of Scotland at 1900 hours, killing the entire crew of 15. 
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24 Jan 1940 WW2 Finnish Army Force Talvela and Soviet 8th Army exchanged attacks at Kolla in Finland, along the Aitto River. 
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24 Jan 1940 WW2 Chinese troops captured Dongyangguan Pass, Shanxi Province, China. 
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24 Jan 1940 WW2 A Czechoslovakian branch of the French Army was established. 
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24 Jan 1941 WW2 All Italian outposts surrounding Tobruk, Libya were captured by the Allies. Meanwhile, en route to Derna, Libya, Allied troops encountered units of the newly organized Italian Special Armoured Brigade and defeated them near Mechili, destroying 9 Italian tanks at the cost of 7 British tanks. 
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24 Jan 1941 WW2 German He 114 seaplane from armed merchant cruiser Atlantis attacked British ship Mandasor 300 miles east of the Seychelles in the Indian Ocean. Atlantis soon arrived, stopping Mandasor with gunfire, killing 6. A launch from Atlantic drove away sharks with machine gun fire as the Germans rescued 82 survivors. Mandasor was eventually sunk with a torpedo. As the He 114 aircraft attempted to land in the water for recovery, the rough seas caused her to capsize and become lost. Four Allied cruisers later arrived on the scene in response, but Atlantis had already departed. 
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24 Jan 1941 WW2 Lord Halifax arrived at Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, United States aboard battleship HMS King George V. He had arrived to take up his new post as the British ambassador to the United States. 
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24 Jan 1941 WW2 German submarine U-123 sank Norwegian ship Vespasian with a torpedo 200 miles west of Ireland at 2148 hours, killing the entire crew of 18. 
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24 Jan 1941 WW2 Thai aircraft bombed the airfield at Angkor near Siem Reap, Cambodia, French Indochina; the resulting dogfights would be the final air battle of the Franco-Thai War. 
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24 Jan 1942 WW2 Battle of Makassar Strait: Off Balikpapan, four Japanese transports were sunk as the result of this battle. 
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24 Jan 1942 WW2 Germans retook Sukhinichi, near Kaluga, Russia. 
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24 Jan 1942 WW2 HMS Indomitable refueled near the Cocos Islands in the eastern Indian Ocean. 
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24 Jan 1942 WW2 The 2nd Battalion of the Japanese 20th Infantry Regiment continued to make landing attempts at Quinauan Point, and Longoskawayan Point, Bataan on Luzon of Philippine Islands, increasing the strength of the small beachhead. After sundown, US and Filipino troops began withdrawing from the Abucay-Mauban defensive line to the new Orion-Bagac defensive line. 
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24 Jan 1942 WW2 Japanese aircraft attacked Rangoon, Burma for the second day in a row. From the Thai-Burmese border, Japanese troops marched in multiple columns toward Moulmein, Burma, looking to capture the nearby airfield. 
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24 Jan 1942 WW2 American submarine chaser USS PC-460 misidentified US submarine USS S-26 for an enemy submarine in the Gulf of Panama in the darkness, rammed, and sank the submarine, killing 46 of the 49 aboard. 
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24 Jan 1942 WW2 Destroyer Yukikaze escorted the Japanese invasion force for Kendari, Celebes, Dutch East Indies. 
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24 Jan 1942 WW2 Troop convoy MS2 arrived at Singapore, disembarking an Australian machine gun battalion and 1,900 green conscripts. 
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24 Jan 1942 WW2 German submarine U-66 sank British tanker Empire Gem 20 miles off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, United States at 0240 hours. Out to sea to the northeast, at 0653 hours, German submarine U-106 sank British ship Empire Wildebeeste 430 miles southeast of Nova Scotia, Canada. In the afternoon at 1525 hours, U-333 sank Norwegian ship Ringstad off Newfoundland. 
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24 Jan 1942 WW2 USS Swordfish sank Japanese gunboat Myoken Maru off Kendari, Celebes, Dutch East Indies. 
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24 Jan 1942 WW2 John Curtin, the Australian Premiere, called for an Australian representative to be appointed to the Imperial War Cabinet, and further proposed the establishment of a Pacific Council for joint consultation between all the Allied countries particularly concerned. 
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24 Jan 1942 WW2 Australian Deputy Prime Minister Francis Forde announced in the afternoon that the Japanese had presumably landed at Rabaul, New Britain, Bismarck Islands. 
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24 Jan 1942 WW2 Thomas McBride Price led the second Australian attempt at attacking Rabaul, New Britain (the first having been abandoned on the previous day due to weather); clouds over Rabaul obscured both the attackers (5 Catalina aircraft) as well as the defenders, thus the only damage caused was minor friendly fire incidents on the Japanese side. 
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24 Jan 1942 WW2 Japanese Sasebo Special Naval Landing Force captured Kendari, Celebes, Dutch East Indies, overcoming the 400 Dutch defenders at the airfield. 
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24 Jan 1942 WW2 Dutch bombers attacked Japanese troop transports off Dutch Borneo as the ships sailed toward Balikpapan. Dutch submarine K-18 damaged Japanese patrol boat P37 and suffered damage from depth charge counterattacks. After sundown, 5,500 Japanese troops landed unopposed at two sites north and east of Balikpapan. Finally, US destroyers USS Paul Jones, USS Parrot, USS Pope, and USS John D. Ford attacked Japanese transports at Borneo, sinking Kuretake Maru, Sumanoura Maru, and Tatsukami Maru, and further damaging patrol boat P37. 
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24 Jan 1942 WW2 Dutch submarine K XVIII fired four torpedoes at Japanese cruiser Naka off Borneo, Dutch East Indies, all of which missed; Naka gave pursue to the submarine unsuccessfully. 
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24 Jan 1942 WW2 Nachi provided support for the landings at Kendari, Celebes, Dutch East Indies. 
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24 Jan 1942 WW2 During the night, USS Marblehead screened the withdrawal of a force of Dutch and American warships after those ships had successfully attacked a Japanese convoy off Balikpapan, Borneo, Dutch East Indies. 
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24 Jan 1942 WW2 Hans-Joachim Marseille departed Berlin, Germany. 
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24 Jan 1942 WW2 USS Astoria arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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24 Jan 1942 WW2 Allied convoy QP-6 departed Murmansk, Russia. 
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24 Jan 1943 WW2 Tirpitz completed its refitting at Fættenfjord/Lofjord near Trondheim, Norway. 
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24 Jan 1943 WW2 The Casablanca Conference ended with the announcement of a requirement for unconditional surrender from Germany to end the war. 
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24 Jan 1943 WW2 Soviet troops liberated Starobelskiy, Ukraine. 
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24 Jan 1943 WW2 The Soviet Trans-Caucasian Front's offensive toward the Kuban bridgehead was halted near Krasnodar and Novorossiysk. A new offensive drive, named the Tikhoretsk-Eisk Offensive Operation, was launched on this date. 
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24 Jan 1943 WW2 British war expenditure was estimated to be running at £14 million a day. 
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24 Jan 1943 WW2 American destroyers bombarded Japanese fuel and munitions dumps in the Stanmore area, Kolombangara, Solomon Islands. Later on the same day, US Navy carrier aircraft attacked the same targets. 
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24 Jan 1943 WW2 12 German aircraft were launched to attack Allied convoy JW-52; only three of them found and attacked the convoy, and all three were shot down. 
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24 Jan 1943 WW2 Satoru Anabuki, flying Ki-43 fighter "Fubuki", shot down a Wellington bomber over Rangoon, Burma, his 19th victory. 
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24 Jan 1943 WW2 Nachi refueled from oiler Teiyo Maru at Paramushiro (Paramushir), Kurile Islands. 
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24 Jan 1943 WW2 USS Wahoo reconnoitered waters far north of Wewak, Australian New Guinea. Encountering Japanese destroyer Harusame with submarines nearby, she fired three bow torpedoes, a fourth bow torpedo as Harusame turned toward Wahoo. After all four had missed, Wahoo repositioned her self and fired two more torpedoes, this time hitting and seriously damaging Harusame. Harusame was able to beach herself to prevent sinking. 
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24 Jan 1943 WW2 A transport from a psychiatric hospital at Apeldoornse Bosh with 921 Jews arrived at Auschwitz Concentration Camp. After the selection, 16 men and 60 women were registered; the remaining were sent to the gas chambers. 
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24 Jan 1943 WW2 The Soviets once again demanded surrender from the encircled German forces in Stalingrad, Russia. Responding to Friedrich Paulus' message requesting permission to surrender as his men were now nearly out of ammunition and medical supplies, Adolf Hitler told Paulus to fight to the last man even if defeat was imminent. By the end of this day, the German forces in Stalingrad would be divided in two pockets and would have lost the use of the final airstrip available to them, Stalingradsaya Airfield. 
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24 Jan 1943 WW2 Glyndwr Michael, homeless and suffering from mental illness, was found dead in an abandoned warehouse in King's Cross, London, England, United Kingdom after consuming rat poison which contained phosphorus; it was unknown whether he had committed suicide or simply ate what he thought was thrown-away food laced with the poison for the purpose of pest control. The discovery of his remains was reported to MI5 per previous request for such a body. 
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24 Jan 1944 WW2 Roosevelt created the War Refugee Board in response to political pressure that demanded action to help Jews in occupied Europe. 
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24 Jan 1944 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Part of CASU-30 departed. 
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24 Jan 1944 WW2 Hitler ordered that the Gustav Line in Italy was to be held at all costs. Meanwhile, French forces attacked north of Monte Cassino and US 34th Infantry Division attacked across the Rapido River north of Cassino. 
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24 Jan 1944 WW2 At Anzio, Italy, Private George Mitchell charged alone through intense machine-gun fire, jumped into the weapon pit and killed the crew. Shortly afterwards, he similarly assaulted a second position, killing six of the enemy and taking 12 prisoners. He was killed moments later when one of the Germans who had supposedly surrendered snatched up a discarded rifle and shot him. Mitchell was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross medal. 
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24 Jan 1944 WW2 German forces in the Anzio, Italy region increased to over 40,000 men. 
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24 Jan 1944 WW2 Junio Valerio Borghese was released from imprisonment in Italy. 
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24 Jan 1944 WW2 USS Whale spotted a Japanese submarine and gave chase, but a trim pump fire forced her to abandon chase. 
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24 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Blackfin sank Japanese destroyer Shigure in the Gulf of Siam about 160 miles from Kota Bharu, Malaya. 
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24 Jan 1945 WW2 German forces began withdrawing from Slovakia. 
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24 Jan 1945 WW2 Soviet 1st Ukrainian Front captured Gleiwitz, Germany (now Gliwice, Poland). 
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24 Jan 1945 WW2 British Fleet Air Arm Seafire fighters commenced operations in the Far East with a full-scale attack on oil targets in Sumatra, Dutch East Indies. 
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24 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Ticonderoga arrived at Ulithi, Caroline Islands; Captain Kiefer, the executive officer, and others wounded during the special attack three days prior were transferred to hospital ship Samaritan. 
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24 Jan 1945 WW2 Roza Shanina made her final entry in her combat diary. 
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24 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Chub arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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24 Jan 1945 WW2 Shigure was sunk by USS Blackfin in the Gulf of Siam off Khota Bharu, Malaya. 
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24 Jan 1945 WW2 The BI-7 rocket-powered prototype aircraft took its first flight at Khimki near Moscow, Russia (the eleventh flight of the design); a problem with the landing gear was reported during this flight. 
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24 Jan 1946 WW2 Kitty Hawk was decommissioned from service. 
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24 Jan 1946 WW2 Harry Truman secretly made Sidney Souers the chief of the newly-established Central Intelligence Group in a ceremony involving black cloaks and wooden daggers. This organization was not recognized by the Pentagon nor the FBI, and it would remain active for a very short period of time as all Truman wanted out of Souers was a concise daily report on intelligence matters so that Truman could save some time. 
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24 Jan 1947 WW2 Montpelier was decommissioned from service. 
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24 Jan 1975 RELIGIOUS Rev. F. Donald Coggan, 66, was consecrated the 101st Archbishop of Canterbury (primate of Anglicanism). In the audience was Johannes Cardinal Willebrands
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24 Jan 1989 RELIGIOUS The Rev. Barbara C. Harris, 55, of Boston, was confirmed as the first female bishop in the 450-year history of the Anglican Church.
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23rd January 25th January
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