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History on the 25th of January

History
Date Text
25 Jan 1534 RELIGIOUS German Reformer Martin Luther gave his understanding of "conversion" in a sermon: 'To be converted to God means to believe in Christ, to believe that He is our Mediator and that we have eternal life through Him.'
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25 Jan 1841 RELIGIOUS The Oxford Movement in England reached its apex with the appearance of John Henry Newman's Tract No. 90. The storm of controversy which ensued brought the series (begun in 1833) to an end. Later, Newman resigned his Anglican parish and in 1845 converted to Roman Catholicism.
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25 Jan 1861 RELIGIOUS Missouri Synod Lutheran founder C.F.W. Walther wrote in a letter: 'The church, as a fellowship...of those who are born again... corresponds to the nature of living Christianity, whereas...the church as a fellowship of the orthodox, whether converted or unconverted, will necessarily lead to a dead Christianity.'
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25 Jan 1912 WW2 Henry Arnold set an altitude record of 1,452 meters, or 4,764 feet. 
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25 Jan 1915 WW2 General Seigo Inokuchi was named the commanding officer of the Japanese Chosen Army in occupied Korea, relieving Sadayoshi Ando. 
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25 Jan 1918 WW2 The first aeroplane to be shot down by a night fighter was a German Gotha brought down by British Captain G. H. Hackwell and Lieutenant C. C. Banks during a raid on London, England, United Kingdom. 
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25 Jan 1922 WW2 Raymond Baxter, future Battle of Britain pilot and later a famous television presenter and writer, was born at Ilford, Essex, England, United Kingdom. 
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25 Jan 1932 WW2 The forces of Ma Zhanshan and Ding Chao attacked the collaborationist forces of Xi Qia in Heilongjiang Province, China. 
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25 Jan 1936 WW2 Shark (Porpoise-class) was commissioned into service. 
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25 Jan 1936 WW2 Zhao Chengshou was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general. 
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25 Jan 1938 WW2 German National Ministry of the Interior ordered that protective custody must be served in concentration camps and not in institutions of the justice department. 
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25 Jan 1938 WW2 Hermann Göring informed Adolf Hitler the shady past of Werner von Blomberg's new wife; Hitler dismissed Blomberg immediately but told him that he would call on him again if the country ever needed his service. 
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25 Jan 1939 WW2 British destroyer HMS Mashona (L59) was commissioned into service with Commander P. A. McLaughlin in command. 
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25 Jan 1939 WW2 Uranium atom was split for the first time at Columbia University in the United States. 
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25 Jan 1939 WW2 The US Army Air Corps announced a new competition for a new fighter design. The requirements were 310-370 miles per hour top speed, 15,000 feet ceiling, and 2 hours endurance at cruise speed. The firm Curtiss-Wright would ultimate win the competition with the P-40 design. 
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25 Jan 1940 WW2 German submarine U-14 sank Norwegian ship Biarritz 36 miles off of the Dutch coast; 37 men were killed and 21 survivors were rescued by Norwegian steamer Borgholm. 
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25 Jan 1940 WW2 German submarine U-19 sank Latvian ship Everene 5 miles off of the eastern coast of Britain; 1 man was killed and 30 were rescued by fishing boats Dole and Evesham. Several hours later at 0930 hours, U-19 sank Norwegian ship Gudveig; 10 men were killed and 8 were rescued. 
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25 Jan 1940 WW2 German submarine U-44 torpedoed and sank French ship Tourny, which was a part of convoy 56-KS, 20 miles off of Porto, Portugal at 0411 hours. 8 men were killed and 9 were rescued by Spanish steamer Castillo Monforte. 
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25 Jan 1941 WW2 Nigerian, Ghanaian, East African, and South African troops of 11th African Division under British General Harry Edward de Robillard Wetherall and 12th African Division under British General Reade Godwin-Austen crossed into the Italian Somaliland from Kenya. Italian troops withdrew 100 miles behind the Juba River in response. 
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25 Jan 1941 WW2 HMS Illustrious arrived at Alexandria, Egypt. 
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25 Jan 1941 WW2 After sundown, British minelaying cruiser HMS Latona and destroyers HMS Hero, HMS Hotspur, and HMS Encounter departed Alexandria, Egypt for Tobruk, Libya. They were discovered and attacked by 10 German Stuka dive bombers and 2 Italian S.79 medium bombers 35 miles away from their destination. HMS Latona was hit by a 500kg bomb and sank at 2230 when the fire detonated the magazine; 27 were killed. HMS Hero was damaged by three near misses. 
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25 Jan 1941 WW2 Adhering to orders given by General Yasuji Okamura in which all Chinese villages suspected of harboring Chinese communist guerrilla fighters were to be wiped out, 1,230 residents of Panjiayu, Hebei, China were massacred by troops of the Japanese Army. 
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25 Jan 1941 WW2 British Admiral Sir John Tovey departed Scapa Flow, Scotland, United Kingdom with a fleet to intercept German pocket battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau believed to be in the Iceland-Faroes passage. 
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25 Jan 1942 WW2 Thailand formally became an ally of Japan and declared war on the United Kingdom and the United States. Ambassador Seni Pramoj in the American capital refused to deliver the declaration of war and defected to the United States; he would later form a Free Thai movement. 
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25 Jan 1942 WW2 German troops captured Msus, Libya, capturing 30 British Valentine tanks. 
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25 Jan 1942 WW2 Japanese aircraft attacked Rangoon, Burma for the third day in a row. Meanwhile, Archibald Wavell ordered that the airfield at Moulmein, Burma to be defended, which was being threatened by troops of the Japanese 55th infantry Division. 
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25 Jan 1942 WW2 Troops of the Japanese Imperial Guard captured Batu Pahat, British Malaya; in response, Lieutenant General Arthur Percival ordered troops in Malaya to withdraw to Singapore. Meanwhile, Allied convoy BM10 from Bombay, India arrived at Singapore, disembarking 4,745 troops of the Indian 44th Infantry Brigade, vehicles, and supplies. 
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25 Jan 1942 WW2 US and Filipino troops continued to withdraw from the Abucay-Mauban defensive line on Bataan, Luzon, Philippine Islands toward the Orion-Bagac defensive line. 
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25 Jan 1942 WW2 British submarine HMS Ultimatum sank Italian passenger ship Dalmatia L 30 miles south of Messina, Sicily, Italy. 
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25 Jan 1942 WW2 German destroyer Z8 Bruno Heinemann struck two British naval mines and sank in the Strait of Dover; 98 were killed, 229 survived. 
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25 Jan 1942 WW2 Egmont Prinz zur Lippe-Weißenfeld was awarded the German Cross in Gold. 
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25 Jan 1942 WW2 German submarine U-754 sank Greek ship Mount Kitheron off Newfoundland at 0925 hours. 28 miles southeast of Atlantic City, New Jersey at 1002 hours, U-130 sank Norwegian tanker Varanger carrying 12,750 tons of fuel oil from Curacao to New York; all 40 aboard survived. Further south, German submarine U-125 damaged US tanker Olney 10 kilometers off Virginia, United States. Finally, out to sea, U-123 sank British ship Culebra in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, killing all 45 aboard, while en route back to her home port. 
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25 Jan 1942 WW2 Kaga arrived at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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25 Jan 1942 WW2 The Japanese conducted a third landing at Balikpapan, Dutch Borneo, capturing the airfield at dawn. Dutch defenders began sabotaging bridges before retreating north, where they were ambushed by a Japanese force. Meanwhile, civilians were evacuated by ship at Pontianak, Dutch Borneo. 
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25 Jan 1942 WW2 13 P-40E fighters of US 17th Pursuit Squadron (Provisional) arrived at Soerabaja, Java, Dutch East Indies. 
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25 Jan 1942 WW2 The 3rd Battalion of the "San Marco" naval infantry regiment of Italian Navy arrived at Antelat, Libya, where it would remain on garrison defense duty for several weeks. 
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25 Jan 1942 WW2 British merchant ship Harmatris, the civilian convoy commodore's flagship of Allied convoy PQ-8, damaged by German submarine U-454 on 17 Jan 1942, arrived at Kola in northern Russia in tow by two tugs. 
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25 Jan 1942 WW2 Soviet Deputy Navy Commissar Admiral Gordei Levchenko, arrested in Nov 1941 for the loss of the Crimea region of Ukraine to the Germans, was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment in a labor camp. 
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25 Jan 1942 WW2 The 4,000-strong vanguard of the United States' commitment to the "Germany first" agreement arrived in Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. 
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25 Jan 1942 WW2 Japanese submarines I-24 and I-18 bombarded US Marine positions on Sand Island, Midway Atoll. The submarines were driven off by defensive coastal gunfire. 
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25 Jan 1943 WW2 Germans evacuated Voronezh and Armavir in southern Russia. 
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25 Jan 1943 WW2 In his Order of the Day, Stalin claimed that Soviet troops had routed 102 enemy divisions in two month's fighting. 
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25 Jan 1943 WW2 The US Composite Army-Marine Division made contact with the US Army 25th Army Division near Kokumbona, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. 
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25 Jan 1943 WW2 Repair ship Akashi began repairing light cruiser Nagara at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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25 Jan 1943 WW2 Italian Air Force Assault Engineer Battalion's composition was defined as having one headquarters company and three companies each with two officers, three non-commissioned officers, and 24 enlisted men. 
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25 Jan 1943 WW2 Tatsuta Maru departed Sasebo, Japan. 
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25 Jan 1943 WW2 USS Whale damaged Japanese tanker Syoyo Maru between Truk, Caroline Islands and Japan, hitting her with 1 of 3 torpedoes fired. She suffered light damage from the subsequent depth charging. 
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25 Jan 1943 WW2 USS Wahoo departed waters near Wewak, Australian New Guinea for Palau Islands. 
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25 Jan 1943 WW2 The remnants of the German 6.Armee were split in two pockets, north and south, in Stalingrad, Russia. 
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25 Jan 1944 WW2 Captain Nobuei Morishita relieved Rear Admiral Takeji Ono as the commanding officer of Yamato. 
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25 Jan 1944 WW2 Nazi Gauleiter Hans Frank noted in his diary on this date that "At the present time we still have in the General Government perhaps 100,000 Jews." Prior to the German occupation, the area now called the General Government had a Jewish population of about 2,500,000. 
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25 Jan 1944 WW2 The US coastal minesweeper YMS-30 struck a mine and sank off Anzio, Italy. 
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25 Jan 1944 WW2 Destroyer Yukikaze departed Singapore to escort carrier Chitose and convoy HI-32 to Moji, Japan. 
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25 Jan 1944 WW2 The Wehrmachtbericht bulletin issued on this date by the Wehrmacht headquarters announced the death of nightfighter pilot Heinrich Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein. 
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25 Jan 1944 WW2 German submarine U-278 sank US freighter Penelope Barker (16 were killed, 56 survived) and U-360 damaged destroyer HMS Obdurate which was forced to leave the escort force of the Allied arctic convoy. 
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25 Jan 1944 WW2 The newly operational battleship, USS New Jersey (Captain Carl F. Holden), joined Rear Admiral Frederick C. Sherman's TG58.3 (Group Three of Vice Admiral Marc A. Mitscher's Task Force 58) in time to participate in Operation Flintlock, the occupation of the Marshall Islands. 
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25 Jan 1944 WW2 Carriers Junyo, Hiyo, and Ryuho delivered 62 A6M, 18 D3A, and 18 B5N aircraft to Rabaul, New Britain. 
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25 Jan 1944 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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25 Jan 1944 WW2 Philipp was formally dismissed as the governor of Hessen-Nassau, Germany. 
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25 Jan 1944 WW2 USS Alabama departed Funafuti, Ellice Islands. 
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25 Jan 1944 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Part of ARGUS-22 departed. More of ACORN-21 arrived. Part of ACORN-21 departed. 
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25 Jan 1944 WW2 General Eberhard von Mackensen assumed overall control of forces in the Anzio, Italy area. 
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25 Jan 1944 RELIGIOUS In the Anglican Diocese of Hong Kong and South China, Florence Tim-Oi Lee of Macao was ordained a priest in Kwangtung Province, China. Although considered an emergency wartime measure (owing to the lack of male priests in Macao), it nevertheless made Florence Tim-Oi Lee the first-ever ordained female Anglican clergyperson.
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25 Jan 1945 WW2 Anglo-Indian and Japanese troops clashed at Kabwet, Burma. 
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25 Jan 1945 WW2 Denise Bloch was executed at Ravensbrück Concentration Camp, Germany. 
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25 Jan 1945 WW2 Germany announced the biggest evacuation in military history when the first of what would grow to be up to two million troops were withdrawn by ship through the Baltic from Preußen (Prussia) and Pommern (Pomerania). The evacuation continued until the end of the European War. 
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25 Jan 1945 WW2 Heinz Guderian asked Joachim von Ribbentrop to negotiate peace with the Western Allies. Ribbentrop reported this to Adolf Hitler. 
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25 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Pollack departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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25 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Hackleback arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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25 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Sterlet departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for her third war patrol. 
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25 Jan 1945 WW2 Douglas MacArthur moved his advance headquarters forward to the Hacienda Luisita plantation, Tarlac, Philippine Islands. 
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25 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Luce departed San Pedro Bay, Philippine Islands. 
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25 Jan 1945 WW2 Posen, Germany (now Poznan, Poland) was declared a Fortress City after it was surrounded and left to wither by Soviet forces. 
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25 Jan 1945 WW2 Raoul Wallenberg was interrogated at the OKR of Soviet 18th Rifle Corps in Russia. 
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25 Jan 1959 RELIGIOUS Pope John XXIII, 90 days after his election, announced his intention to hold an ecumenical church council. (The Vatican II Council officially opened October 11, 1962 and closed December 8, 1965.)
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