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History on the 27th of January

History
Date Text
27 Jan 1343 RELIGIOUS Clement VI's bull "Unigenitus" officially ratified the belief that Indulgences owed their potency to the Pope's dispensation of the accumulated merit of the Church. (In 1518 Cardinal Thomas Cajetan accused German reformer Martin Luther, 32, of challenging the validity of this Catholic doctrine.)
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27 Jan 1774 RELIGIOUS Pioneer American Methodist bishop Francis Asbury wrote in his journal: 'If my labours should be in vain for the people, the Lord gives me a gracious reward in my own soul.'
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27 Jan 1839 RELIGIOUS Birth of John Julian, famed English authority on sacred music. His undoubted masterwork is the monumental "Dictionary of Hymnology" which he published in 1892 (later revised, updated and reissued in 1957).
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27 Jan 1842 RELIGIOUS Scottish clergyman Robert Murray McCheyne wrote in a letter: 'Call upon the name of the Lord. Your time may be short... The longest lifetime is short enough. It is all that is given you to be converted in. They are the happiest who are brought soonest to the bosom of Jesus."
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27 Jan 1912 WW2 Erwin Rommel was promoted to the rank of Leutnant. 
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27 Jan 1917 WW2 Georg von Bismarck was promoted to the rank of Oberleutnant. 
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27 Jan 1931 WW2 Pierre Laval became the 101st Prime Minister of France. 
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27 Jan 1937 WW2 The US Navy and US Marine Corps began Fleet Landing Exercise No. 3 in the San Clemente and San Pedro in and near Los Angeles, California, United States. A small US Army contingent also participated in the exercise. 
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27 Jan 1938 WW2 Werner von Blomberg returned to his honeymoon in Capri, Italy. On the same day, he forced to resign and sent into exile by an infuriated Adolf Hitler following the revelation that his new wife had previously posed for pornographic photographs. 
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27 Jan 1938 WW2 Adolf Hitler directed that a high priority was to be given to the "Z" plan proposal for the reconstruction of the Kriegsmarine. 
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27 Jan 1939 WW2 The Lockheed XP-38 fighter made its maiden flight. The flight lasted just 24 minutes but the prototype was damaged on landing. 
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27 Jan 1939 WW2 Britain and France pledged a £8,000,000 loan and a £4,000,000 gift for Czechoslovakia in an attempt to save the country from falling apart. 
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27 Jan 1939 WW2 Adolf Hitler ordered Plan Z, the expansion of the German Navy. 
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27 Jan 1939 WW2 Franklin Roosevelt approved the sale of military aircraft to France. 
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27 Jan 1940 WW2 German submarine U-20 torpedoed and sank Danish ship Fredensborg (at 2052 hours, killing 20) and Danish ship England (at 2124 hours, killing 20) off the Orkneys as the crews of those two ships approached the damaged Norwegian ship Faro in attempt to rescue survivors. 
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27 Jan 1940 WW2 German submarine U-20 torpedoed and sank Norwegian ship Hosanger; 17 men were killed and 1 was rescued. 
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27 Jan 1940 WW2 Finnish Army General Hägglund ordered the Finnish IV Corps to attack the Pieni-Kelivaara and Lemetti West encirclements to test various tactics. 
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27 Jan 1940 WW2 Submarine Tautog was launched. 
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27 Jan 1940 WW2 Adolf Hitler ordered Wilhelm Keitel to continue with the planning of an invasion of Norway. 
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27 Jan 1940 WW2 Construction work at Palmyra Atoll began to improve its military facilities. 
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27 Jan 1941 WW2 British troopship Ulster Prince (which would soon depart with Italian prisoners of war) and transports Cingalese Prince, Rosaura, and Chakla (the three brought in supplies and men) became the first Allied ships to arrive in the harbor of recently captured Tobruk, Libya. 100 miles to the northwest, Australian 6th Division captured Fort Rudero near Derna, capturing 290 Italian prisoners and 5 field guns, but the Italian garrison at Wadi Derna nearby continued to pose a serious threat. 
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27 Jan 1941 WW2 British No. 830 Squadron Fleet Air Arm Swordfish torpedo bombers from Malta sank German ship Ingo 100 miles north of Tripoli, Libya. Survivors were picked up by Italian torpedo boat Orione. 
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27 Jan 1941 WW2 British minesweeping trawler HMT Darogah hit a mine and sank in the Thames Estuary in southern England, United Kingdom. 
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27 Jan 1941 WW2 US Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Harold Stark ordered the 3rd Defense Battalion of the US Marine Corps to Midway, 1st Defense Battalion to Johnston and Palmyra, and 6th Defense Battalion to Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. 
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27 Jan 1941 WW2 Italian manufacturing firm Caproni delivered midget submarines CB-1 and CB-2 to the Italian Navy at La Spezia, Italy. 
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27 Jan 1942 WW2 Eamon de Valera, Premier of Ireland, protested the arrival of US troops in Ulster, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. 
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27 Jan 1942 WW2 Submarines of the US Navy Asiatic Fleet withdrew to Fremantle, Australia. 
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27 Jan 1942 WW2 American submarine USS Seawolf delivered 37 tons of .30 caliber ammunition to the US troops at Corregidor in the Philippine Islands. Upon departure, the submarine took on 25 pilots, spare submarine parts, and 16 torpedoes. 
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27 Jan 1942 WW2 Lieutenant Commander Otoji Nakamura of I-68 traveled to Yamato to brief Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto on the depth charge attacks his submarine received during the Pearl Harbor attack. 
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27 Jan 1942 WW2 100 miles off Java, HMS Indomitable launched the 48 RAF Hurricane fighters that she was transporting. These fighters would fly to Java and Dutch Borneo; they were intended to ultimately reach Singapore to bolster defenses there. 
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27 Jan 1942 WW2 Just after 0000 hours, German submarine U-754 sank Greek ship Icarion off Newfoundland, killing 9 of 29 aboard. Off the east coast of the United States, German submarine U-130 sank US tanker Francis E. Powell 35 miles southeast of Ocean City, New Jersey at 0943 hours (killing 4 of 32 aboard) and damaged US tanker Halo with gunfire off North Carolina. 
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27 Jan 1942 WW2 Additional Japanese troops were landed at Point Quinauan in southwestern Bataan, Luzon, Philippine Islands. Elements of the US 4th Marine Regiment attacked the Japanese beachhead at Longoskawayan Point. 
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27 Jan 1942 WW2 Erwin Rommel sent a small column of tanks from Msus, Libya eastward across the desert towards Mechili as a feint to draw out the British 1st Armored Division; meanwhile, his main force moved towards Benghazi. 
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27 Jan 1942 WW2 Japanese troops overcame Dutch and Indian troops and captured the Singkawang II airfield on Dutch Borneo; the Allied troops retreated to Ledo, 15 miles to the southwest. 
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27 Jan 1942 WW2 At 0318 hours, destroyers HMS Thanet and HMAS Vampire engaged Japanese cruiser Sendai and six destroyers, which were protecting the troop transports that the two Allied destroyers were aiming to sink, off British Malaya; in the ensuing Battle of Endau, Japanese troop transports Kansai Maru and Kanbera Maru were damaged. At 0400 hours, HMS Thanet was sunk; 38 were killed, 67 survived and were rescued by friendly forces, and 31 survived and were captured by the Japanese. Also in eastern Malaya, British gunboats HMS Dragonfly and HMS Scorpion evacuated 1,500 British troops from Rengit and transported them to Singapore. 
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27 Jan 1942 WW2 British tanker Harpa struck a mine, which detonated her cargo of aviation fuel, in Singapore Strait; she was destroyed, killing 39 of 40 aboard. 
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27 Jan 1942 WW2 Soviet 11th Cavalry Corps reached Vyazma, Russia but was driven back by elements of the German 9th Army. 
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27 Jan 1942 WW2 Japanese troops executed Australian prisoner of war Captain Richard Travers at Rabaul, New Britain. 
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27 Jan 1942 WW2 Akagi returned to Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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27 Jan 1942 WW2 Hans-Joachim Marseille arrived in Athens, Greece. 
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27 Jan 1942 WW2 Tatsuta Maru departed Yokohama, Japan, arrived at Yokosuka, Japan, and then departed for Yokohama once again. 
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27 Jan 1942 WW2 US submarine USS Gudgeon detected Japanese submarine I-73 by radar 260 miles west of Midway Atoll. USS Gudgeon fired three torpedoes, which was immediately spotted by I-73's lookouts. I-73 dove shortly after, but the Japanese submarine along with her complement of 68 men would never be seen again. 
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27 Jan 1942 WW2 Winston Churchill opened a three-day Parliamentary debate in London, England, United Kingdom on the course of the war. 
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27 Jan 1943 WW2 The USAAF struck Germany proper for the first time as B-17 and B-24 bombers attacked Emden and Wilhelmshaven. 
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27 Jan 1943 WW2 The headquarters of the US 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing was established at Efate, New Hebrides. 
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27 Jan 1943 WW2 The Chenggong Airfield in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China began operations. 
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27 Jan 1943 WW2 USS Whale sank Japanese ship Shoan Maru between Truk, Caroline Islands and Japan after a long chase, hitting her with 2 of 8 torpedoes fired (only 1 of which detonated). 
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27 Jan 1943 WW2 USS Wahoo attacked a Japanese convoy consisted of eight ships; as she was out of torpedoes, she attempted to attack with her deck guns, but she was chased away by a Japanese destroyer escort. 
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27 Jan 1943 WW2 Allied convoy JW-52 arrived at the Kola Inlet near Murmansk, Russia. 
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27 Jan 1943 WW2 The Camillus Cutlery Company of Camillus, New York, United States shipped the first production examples of the 1219C2 fighting knife design to the US military. 
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27 Jan 1943 WW2 The keel of submarine Golet was laid down by the Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company in Manitowoc, Wisconsin, United States. 
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27 Jan 1944 WW2 The 872-day siege of Leningrad, Russia was relieved by Soviet forces after suffering 200,000 military and 1,200,000 civilian deaths. The German 18.Armee in the region was withdrawn to the Luga River. 
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27 Jan 1944 WW2 1st Ukrainian Front launches an attack towards Luzk and Rovno, Ukraine. 
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27 Jan 1944 WW2 Orde Wingate and William Slim met at Comilla; Slim told Wingate that he could no longer provide any battalions for Wingate's second Chindit operation. Angrily, Wingate wrote a letter to Louis Mountbatten, criticizing Slim and asked to be relieved of duty since he could not perform his duties alongside of Slim; Slim was provided a carbon copy of the letter. Instead, via George Giffard, Mounbatten said he would find Wingate troops from the 81st West African Division. 
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27 Jan 1944 WW2 Richard O'Connor was Mentioned in Despatches. 
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27 Jan 1944 WW2 515 Lancaster and 15 Mosquito aircraft of the RAF attacked Berlin, Germany; 33 Lancaster bombers were lost. 
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27 Jan 1944 WW2 To the west, Allied Major General John Lucas by now commanded 70,000 men, 237 tanks, 508 heavy guns, and 27,000 tons of supplies at Anzio, Italy, but he decided to still maintain a defensive posture. 
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27 Jan 1944 WW2 Germans launched a counter attack against French troops near Cassino, Italy. 
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27 Jan 1945 WW2 In the wake of the German evacuation, Soviet forces captured Memel; the Soviets now occupied all of Lithuania. 
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27 Jan 1945 WW2 Despite of the needed coal and industry there, the Germans began evacuating the Upper Silesia region as Soviet troops approached; this included the city of Katowice, Poland. 
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27 Jan 1945 WW2 German V-2 rocket hit the Woolwich Arsenal in Britain at 2230 hours, killing 6 and injuring 17, causing some damage to machines. 
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27 Jan 1945 WW2 Four groups of the US 20th Air Force, operating B-29 bombers, completed its move to India. On the same day, American B-29 bombers from India struck Saigon, French Indochina and Bangkok, Thailand with little result. 
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27 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Kete completed lifeguard duty off Ryukyu Islands, Japan. 
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27 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Pintado departed Brisbane, Australia for her fourth war patrol. 
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27 Jan 1945 WW2 In a report written by Heinz Guderian on this date, he referred to the Soviet forces as a "tidal wave". 
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27 Jan 1945 WW2 After sundown, HMS Diadem and HMS Mauritius engaged in combat with German destroyers in the North Sea; German destroyer Z31 was heavily damaged during the engagement, but would survive to return to port. 
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27 Jan 1945 WW2 Allied X-Force under Daniel Sultan, moving north from Burma, made contact with Allied Y-Force under Sun Liren, moving south from China, in the Chinese-Burmese border region. 
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27 Jan 1945 WW2 Chinese troops from southern China and Chinese troops from India linked up at Muse in northern Burma, signifying the successful end of the Salween Offensive. 
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27 Jan 1945 WW2 Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller was awarded Swords to his Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. 
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27 Jan 1945 WW2 With the Red Army just 20 kilometers away the Germans evacuated the 11,000 prisoners of war held at Stalag Luft III to commence a march in sub-zero temperatures to Spremburg, Germany. 
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27 Jan 1945 WW2 Roza Shanina was seriously wounded while shielding a wounded artillery officer. 
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27 Jan 1945 WW2 62 American B-29 bombers based in the Mariana Islands struck Tokyo, Japan. Japanese fighters shot down 5 bombers, while 4 others received damage and had to ditch or crash land. B-29 gunner claimed 60 fighters shot down. 
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27 Jan 1945 WW2 USS Bergall sank a Japanese patrol vessel in the South China Sea, hitting her with 1 of 1 torpedo. 
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27 Jan 1945 WW2 Reconnaissance troops of the Soviet 100th Infantry Division discovered the prisoners' infirmary at the Auschwitz Concentration Camp at about 0900 hours. The remainder of the division arrived 30 minutes later. Soviet troops entered the main camp in the afternoon where they fought off the remaining German resistance at the cost of 231 lives. By this time, only 7,000 prisoners remained to be liberated in the entire Auschwitz system; the bulk of had been marched away previously. 
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27 Jan 1945 WW2 The Soviets sentenced German SD officer Alois Galfe to death for his role in the recruitment and training of Russian nationals to act as German spies. 
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27 Jan 1946 WW2 USS Charr arrived at San Diego, California, United States. 
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27 Jan 1947 WW2 USS Charr arrived at San Diego, California, United States, ending the simulated war patrol. During the patrol she visited Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii; Subic Bay, Philippine Islands; Shanghai and Qingdao, China; and Yokosuka, Japan. 
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27 Jan 1972 RELIGIOUS In Columbia, the white and black United Methodist conferences of South Carolina -- separated since the Civil War -- voted in their respective meetings to adopt a plan of union.
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