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History on the 12th of February

History
Date Text
12 Feb 1797 RELIGIOUS Franz Haydn's AUSTRIAN HYMN was first performed for the Emperor Francis II's fifth birthday. Today, AUSTRIAN HYMN is the most common melody to which we sing the popular hymn, "Glorious Things of Thee Are Spoken."
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12 Feb 1807 RELIGIOUS Anglican missionary to Persia Henry Martyn wrote in his journal: 'Amazing patience, He bears with this faithless foolish heart and suffers me to come, laden with sins, to receive new pardon, new grace, every day! Why does not such love make me hate sin that grieves Him and hides me from His sight?'
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12 Feb 1912 WW2 Josef Blösche was born in Friedland, Austria–Hungary (now Frydlant, Czech Republic). 
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12 Feb 1914 WW2 Settsu departed Koniya harbor, island of Amami-Oshima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. 
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12 Feb 1918 WW2 Rear Admiral Kametaro Muta was named the chief of staff of Admiral Teijiro Kuroi (Ryojun Military Port, northeastern China). 
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12 Feb 1923 WW2 Roderick Carr was attached to the Headquarters of Inland Area of the British Royal Air Force. 
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12 Feb 1933 WW2 British Field Marshal Sir William Robertson, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff (1915-1918), died aged 73. 
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12 Feb 1934 WW2 The four-day-long Austrian Civil War began. 
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12 Feb 1935 WW2 The US Navy's dirigible USS Macon (ZRS-5) crashed into the sea off California, United States as a result of a tail unit structural failure. Two crewmen perished and four F9C-2 fighters were lost in the accident. 
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12 Feb 1935 WW2 ShCh-320 was launched at Leningrad, Russia. 
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12 Feb 1936 WW2 The final production example of GL-832 HY floatplane was completed. 
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12 Feb 1938 WW2 Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg crossed into Germany and was welcomed by Franz von Papen. Taken to Adolf Hitler's residence in Obersalzberg, München-Oberbayern, Germany, he was threatened with a ultimatum and was given three days to answer. 
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12 Feb 1939 WW2 Slovakian nationalist leader Vojtech Tuka met with Adolf Hitler in Berlin, Germany, seeking support for Slovakian independence. Hitler answered in the affirmative. 
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12 Feb 1940 WW2 At 0500 hours, Soviet tanks dragged sleds with explosives on board up to the Million Fort on the Mannerheim Line in Finland. When the sleds were detonated, all defenders inside the fort were killed, but the Soviet 7th Army did not pass through this breach on the Mannerheim Line. Later on this day, near the eastern end of the Mannerheim Line, Soviet troops captured the Kirvesmäki stronghold in Taipale (now Solovyovo, Russia). By the end of the day, the Finnish government agreed that it has little hope other than to seek peace. 
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12 Feb 1940 WW2 British Royal Navy minesweeper HMS Gleaner located German submarine U-33 laying mines in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland at 0250 hours. U-33 was badly damaged by depth charges and surfaced at 0522 hours, but the submarine began to sink shortly after surfacing, killing 25 men, including commanding officer Kapitänleutnant Hans-Wilhelm von Dresky. One of the 17 survivors had 3 Enigma rotors in his pockets, which was sent to Alan Turing at the Government Code and Cypher School for further study. 
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12 Feb 1940 WW2 British Royal Navy destroyer HMS Hasty intercepted and captured German blockade runner Morea 300 miles west of Porto, Portugal. Morea had departed from Vigo, Spain and was bound for Germany. 
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12 Feb 1940 WW2 German submarine U-53 sank Swedish ship Dalarö west of Scotland, killing the captain. 29 survivors were rescued by Belgian trawler Jan de Waele. 
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12 Feb 1940 WW2 German submarine U-26 sank Norwegian ship Nidarholm west of Ireland. The entire crew of 25 were rescued by Norwegian ship Berto about 10 hours later. 
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12 Feb 1940 WW2 Erwin Rommel was named the commanding officer of the 7. Panzer-Division. 
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12 Feb 1940 WW2 USS Helena arrived at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. 
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12 Feb 1940 WW2 The first deportation of German Jews into occupied Poland took place. 
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12 Feb 1941 WW2 General Erwin Rommel arrived in Tripoli, Libya, to take command of the Afrika Korps. 
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12 Feb 1941 WW2 German cruiser Admiral Hipper attacked Allied convoy HX53 800 miles west of Gibraltar at 0618 hours, sinking 7 ships (British ships arlaby, Westbury, Oswestry Grange, Shrewsbury, and Derrynane; Norwegian ship Borgestad; and Greek ship Perseus). At 0740 hours, Admiral Hipper broke off the attack as rain helped the remaining Allied transports escape. Admiral Hipper had nearly expended all of her 203-mm shells in this attack. 
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12 Feb 1941 WW2 Indian and Italian troops continued the fighting on the north side of the Dongolaas Gorge and in Happy valley on the south side of the gorge near Keren, Eritrea, Italian East Africa. 
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12 Feb 1941 WW2 A second convoy, consisted of ships Adana, Aegina, Kybfels, and Ruhr with troops of German Afrika Korps troops on board, departed Naples, Italy for North Africa. Italian destroyer Camicia Nera and torpedo boat Procione escorted the transports. 
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12 Feb 1941 WW2 In Abyssinia, Captain Richhpal Ram led an Indian attack despite having his right foot blown off. Even when he was fatally wounded he still encouraged his men on to victory. Captain Ram would be posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross. 
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12 Feb 1941 WW2 HMS Hermes captured an Italian merchant ship off Italian East Africa. 
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12 Feb 1941 WW2 Viktor Abakumov arrived at Moscow, Russia. 
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12 Feb 1941 WW2 British Foreign Secretary and Chief of Imperial General Staff left London, England, United Kingdom for Cairo, Egypt to coordinate military assistance to Greece. They were also trying to create an anti-Axis agreement, which would soon be rebuffed by Yugoslavia and Turkey. 
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12 Feb 1942 WW2 2 RAF Spitfire fighters on patrol unexpectedly spotted a large German fleet sailing through the English Channel at 1042 hours. British coastal guns at South Foreland, England, United Kingdom fired 33 rounds at the fleet, all of which missed. A number of aircraft were launched to attack, which failed to destroy the fleet, while 37 aircraft were shot down in the process, killing 23 airmen. The only damage sustained by the Germans were by mines; Scharnhorst hit two and Gneisenau hit one. 
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12 Feb 1942 WW2 The US Army Air Force activated the 10th Air Force for the China-Burma-India theater. 
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12 Feb 1942 WW2 Sigmund Rascher submitted a report on the effect of nude women on men who had been exposed to extreme cold; this project was ordered by Himmler. Rascher noted that for the most part, warm baths were more effective. 
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12 Feb 1942 WW2 British submarine HMS Una sank Italian tanker Lucania in the Gulf of Taranto in southern Italy; Una should not have conducted the attack as Lucania had previously been given safe passage by British command for that she refueled Italian passenger ships transporting Italian civilians from Italian East Africa back to Italy. 
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12 Feb 1942 WW2 Yamato departed Kure, Japan and arrived at Hashirajima island in Hiroshima Bay. The flag of the Combined Fleet Commander-in-Chief Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto was transferred from Nagato to Yamato. 
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12 Feb 1942 WW2 Eduard Neumann lifted the grounding order against Hans-Joachim Marseille, and Marseille was able to participate in a mission that led to the scoring of four kills northwest of Tobruk, Libya, consisted of 1 Hurricane and 3 P-40 fighters, bringing his score to 44 kills. 
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12 Feb 1942 WW2 Before dawn, British cruiser HMS Durban, destroyer HMS Stronghold, destroyer HMS Jupiter, transport Empire Star, and transport Gorgon departed Singapore with British Royal Navy personnel for Batavia, Java, Dutch East Indies; they would be attacked and damaged by Japanese aircraft en route. Meanwhile, on Singapore island, Japanese troops made conservative probing attacks in western Singapore as the Allies slowly withdrew into the city. 
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12 Feb 1942 WW2 British destroyer Maori was sunk at Malta Harbour during an air raid. Only one man was killed as most of the crew were sleeping in shelters ashore, with only a token crew left aboard. Destroyer HMS Decoy, moored nearby, was damaged by the explosion; 2 were killed. 
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12 Feb 1942 WW2 The 200 Japanese troops trapped in a beachhead in southern Bataan, Luzon, Philippine Islands mounted what would be their final counterattack. 
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12 Feb 1942 WW2 Allied convoy QP-7 departed Murmansk, Russia. 
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12 Feb 1943 WW2 German engineering firm J. A. Topf und Söhne sent a letter to Auschwitz Concentration Camp in Poland, confirming that it had received the order to build Crematoriums II and III at the camp. 
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12 Feb 1943 WW2 Soviet troops captured Rostov, Russia. 
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12 Feb 1943 WW2 German troops fell back from Krasnodar to the Kuban defensive positions in southern Russia. 
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12 Feb 1943 WW2 USS Mingo was commissioned into service with Lieutenant Commander Ralph Lynch, Jr. in command. 
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12 Feb 1943 WW2 Pogy was commissioned into service. 
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12 Feb 1943 WW2 Maximilian von Weichs stepped down as the commanding officer of German Armeegruppe B. 
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12 Feb 1943 WW2 Repair ship Akashi began repairing destroyer Maikaze at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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12 Feb 1943 WW2 Jews from the Bialystok ghetto in Poland began to be deported to Treblinka Concentration Camp. 
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12 Feb 1944 WW2 Soviet forces captured Luga, Ukraine. 
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12 Feb 1944 WW2 Plaice was commissioned into service. 
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12 Feb 1944 WW2 Aircraft of the British No. 617 Squadron made an attack on the Antheor Viaduct, a bottle-neck on the main railway line between Marseilles, France and Genoa, Italy. It had been attacked three times before without success and 100,000 tons of German supplies crossed it every week to keep Albert Kesselring's Italian armies in action. Cheshire in one Lancaster bomber and Martin in another, were to mark the target. They were met by a hail of flak and the night was completely black. The attack failed, although there were several near misses. This convinced Cheshire that they needed Mosquito aircraft instead of Lancaster bombers if low-level bombing was to achieve success. 
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12 Feb 1944 WW2 The troopship Khedive Ismail, en-route to India, was torpedoed and sunk in two minutes by the 2,000-ton Japanese submarine I-27 near the Maldives islands. Only 260 of the 1,297 passengers and crew were saved (only 113 of 754 Askaris of 301st Field Regiment, East African Artillery survived) including 9 out of 86 women, most of whom were below decks at a concert party. Escorts brought the submarine to the surface with depth charges and kept the crew from reaching her 5.5-inch deck gun with cannon fire, then eventually sank the submarine with torpedoes. The extent of the disaster was kept a closely guarded secret until after the war. 
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12 Feb 1944 WW2 USS Alabama departed to escort US carriers for the raid on Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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12 Feb 1944 WW2 More than 200 US aircraft attacked Rabaul, New Britain. The Japanese launched about 50 fighters in defense. 
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12 Feb 1944 WW2 Destroyer Yuzuki departed Truk, Caroline Islands, escorting Convoy No. 1,123. 
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12 Feb 1944 WW2 Irako completed her repairs at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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12 Feb 1944 WW2 Lieutenant General Bernard Freyberg requested Allied air forces for the bombing of the abbey at Monte Cassino, Italy. 
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12 Feb 1944 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru departed Kure, Japan. 
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12 Feb 1945 WW2 Aircraft of Air Group 80 flew training missions while its mothership USS Hancock sailed toward Japan. 
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12 Feb 1945 WW2 British and Canadian forces captured Kleve, Germany. 
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12 Feb 1945 WW2 The Yalta Agreement was publicly announced nearly simultaneously in Moscow, Russia and London, England, United Kingdom regarding the handling of Germany after the war. 
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12 Feb 1945 WW2 Peru declared war on Germany and Japan. 
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12 Feb 1945 WW2 USS Croaker arrived at Fremantle, Australia, ending her third war patrol. 
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12 Feb 1945 WW2 Wilhelm Keitel ordered all deserters to be shot. 
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12 Feb 1945 WW2 Indian 20th Division crossed the Irrawady River at Myinmu, Burma. 
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12 Feb 1945 WW2 Richard Kauder, a German military intelligence officer stationed in Budapest, Hungary, was arrested for suspicion of planning an escape to Switzerland as he was caught leaving the city with cash, jewelry, and his stamp collection. 
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12 Feb 1945 WW2 Submarine I-369 departed Yokosuka, Japan with supplies for Chichi Jima, Japan. 
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12 Feb 1946 WW2 U-3514 became the last captured German submarine to be scuttled during Operation Deadlight at 1004 hours. 
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12 Feb 1946 WW2 USS Brill arrived at San Diego, California, United States. 
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12 Feb 1947 WW2 Louis Mountbatten was made the Viceroy and Governor-General of India. 
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12 Feb 1947 WW2 USS Ray was decommissioned from service at New London, Connecticut, United States. 
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12 Feb 1947 WW2 USS Bluefish was decommissioned from service. 
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12 Feb 1948 RELIGIOUS The Pentecostal awakening known as the "Latter Rain Movement" traces its origin to this date, when students at the Sharon Orphanage and Schools in North Battleford, Saskatchewan, Canada began experiencing a mass spiritual awakening.
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12 Feb 1952 RELIGIOUS The Roman Catholic program "Life is Worth Living" debuted on television. Hosted by (then-) Bishop Fulton J. Sheen, the half-hour program aired on Tuesday nights. It became the longest-running religious TV series of its day, and ran through February of 1957.
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12 Feb 1962 RELIGIOUS Swiss Reformed theologian Karl Barth predicted in a letter: 'The day will come when we shall no longer speak of Roman Catholic and Protestant Christians but simply of Evangelical Christians forming one body and one people.'
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