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History on the 2nd of March

History
Date Text
02 Mar 1917 WW2 Tsar Nicholas of Russia reluctantly agreed to abdicate and renounced his son's right to the throne in favour of his brother, The Grand Duke Michael, and signed the abdication documents. Five hours later Rodzianko telephoned Russky and bluntly told him that the abdication manifesto was useless as the people did not want Michael any more than they wanted Nicholas. It was only then that Russky and the other Army Commanders, realized that they had been nothing more than blind instruments in the hands of forces beyond their control. 
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02 Mar 1918 WW2 Friedrich Ruge was awarded the Iron Cross 1st Class medal. 
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02 Mar 1918 WW2 Masafumi Arima departed for an overseas tour. 
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02 Mar 1918 WW2 Trotsky told the Murmansk Soviet to fully co-operate with the Allies. 
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02 Mar 1926 WW2 Kenkichi Ueda was made the head of the supply section of the Japanese Army Cavalry. 
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02 Mar 1926 WW2 General Shusei Morioka was named the commanding officer of the Japanese Chosen Army in occupied Korea, relieving Soroku Suzuki. Morioka named Lieutenant General Senyuki Hayashi as his chief of staff. 
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02 Mar 1930 WW2 HMS Hermes departed Nanjing, China for Shanghai, China. 
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02 Mar 1930 WW2 Josias joined the SS organization of the Nazi Party. 
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02 Mar 1931 WW2 Lin Sen was made the head of the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China. 
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02 Mar 1932 WW2 Chinese 19th Route Army indicated that it was running out of supplies and was preparing to withdraw from Shanghai, China. 
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02 Mar 1932 WW2 Hiroshi Minami was named the governor-general of Taiwan. 
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02 Mar 1933 WW2 Chinese troops counterattacked against troops of the Japanese 4th Cavalry Brigade during the Battle of the Great Wall, achieving initial success, but the attack was ultimately beaten by superior firepower. 
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02 Mar 1935 WW2 Henry Arnold was promoted to the temporary rank of brigadier general. 
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02 Mar 1936 WW2 U-36 was launched. 
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02 Mar 1936 WW2 Werner von Blomberg issued orders for the reoccupation of Rhineland in western Germany. 
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02 Mar 1938 WW2 The last US Army troops departed Tianjin, China; 200 US Marines remained in the city to guard American interests there. 
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02 Mar 1938 WW2 The Trial of the Twenty-one opened in Moscow, Russia, a show trial at the end of the Great purges against 21 prominent Bolsheviks accused of anti-Stalinist plots. 
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02 Mar 1939 WW2 A Hurricane fighter was sent to Canada in preparation for license production. 
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02 Mar 1939 WW2 Eugenio Pacelli became the head of the Catholic Church; he took on the papal name Pius XII. 
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02 Mar 1940 WW2 The United Kingdom and France once again requested Sweden and Norway to allow passage of Allied troops through their borders in order to aid Finland, should Finland formally requested such aid from the Allies. 
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02 Mar 1940 WW2 O'Brien was commissioned into service. 
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02 Mar 1940 WW2 The cargo-liner SS Domala carrying mainly British Indian subjects repatriated from Germany was bombed and machine gunned off the Isle of Wight by a German He 111 aircraft with the loss of 108 lives. Dutch ship Jong Willem, which rescued 48 of the 183 survivors, was also strafed. Beached and later repaired, she went back into service under the name Empire Attendant only to be torpedoed and sunk south of the Canary Islands in Jul 1945 with the loss of all 59 hands. 
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02 Mar 1940 WW2 British cruiser HMS Berwick stopped German steamer Wolfsburg, which was disguised as Norwegian ship Aust, north of Iceland. Wolfsburg was scuttled by her crew of 54, who were all subsequently rescued by Berwick. Berwick sank Wolfsburg by gunfire before departure. 
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02 Mar 1940 WW2 British cruiser HMS Dunedin stopped German steamer Heidelberg 60 miles west of Aruba in the Caribbean Sea. Heidelberg was scuttled by her crew of 25, who were all subsequently rescued by Dunedin and later delivered to Jamaica. 
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02 Mar 1940 WW2 Soviet troops attempted to establish a beachhead west of the Finnish city of Viipuri across the frozen Viipuri Bay, while pressure was asserted on the city from its south and east. An attempt was orchestrated on 29 Feb 1940 without success; likewise, this newly dispatched unit failed to establish a beachhead, however, the Soviet troops were able to capture the coastal battery on the island of Tuppuransaari, which had caused high casualties on both attempts. 
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02 Mar 1940 WW2 Hungarian volunteers reached a training facility in Finland after 3 weeks of travel. They immediately began training with the Finnish Army, but they would not complete the training before the end of the Winter War. 
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02 Mar 1940 WW2 Adolf Hitler met with US Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles in Berlin, Germany. 
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02 Mar 1940 WW2 USS Helena arrived at New York Navy Yard, Brooklyn, New York, United States. 
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02 Mar 1941 WW2 German submarines U-552, U-95, and U-147 attacked Allied convoy HX-109 170 miles northwest of Outer Hebrides, Scotland, United Kingdom. At about midnight, U-552 sank tanker Cadillac (37 killed, 5 survived) while U-95 sank the ship Pacific (34 killed, 1 survived). Near the end of the day at 2212 hours, U-147 sank Norwegian ship Augvald (29 killed, 1 survived). 
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02 Mar 1941 WW2 British 11th African Division began marching from Mogadishu, Italian Somaliland toward Jijiga, Abyssinia in pursuit of retreating Italian forces. 
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02 Mar 1941 WW2 German Twelfth Army moved from Romania into Bulgaria the day after Bulgaria joined the Axis alliance. 
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02 Mar 1941 WW2 The RAF conducted a heavy bombing raid on Köln (Cologne), Germany. 
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02 Mar 1941 WW2 At Kufra, Libya, Free French Major Philippe Leclerc pledged not to lay down his weapons until the French flag once again flew over the cathedral at Strasbourg, France. 
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02 Mar 1941 WW2 The United Kingdom severed diplomatic relations with Bulgaria. 
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02 Mar 1942 WW2 German submarine U-126 sank Norwegian ship Gunny 370 miles south of Bermuda in the Atlantic Ocean at 2047 hours; 14 were killed, 12 survived. 
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02 Mar 1942 WW2 Australia declared war on Thailand. 
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02 Mar 1942 WW2 Japanese 33rd and 55th Infantry Divisions crossed Sittang River at Kunzeik and Donzayit, Burma, forcing the British 2nd Battalion Royal Tank Regiment to fall back 20 miles as the Japanese troops captured the village of Waw. 
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02 Mar 1942 WW2 Destroyer Yuzuki departed Truk, Caroline Islands with Destroyer Division 23, supporting invasion operations at Lae and Salamaua in New Guinea, northern Solomon Islands, and the Admiralty Islands. 
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02 Mar 1942 WW2 Tenryu departed Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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02 Mar 1942 WW2 USS Marblehead departed Trincomalee, Ceylon. 
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02 Mar 1942 WW2 Japanese troops advancing toward Batavia, Java, Dutch East Indies were halted by Australian troops at Leuwiliang. At Soebang, 250 Dutch troops with 20 tanks attacked Kalidjati airfield, but the attack was repulsed. East of Batavia, Japanese troops captured the oilfields at Tjepoe (now Cepu). As the Japanese troops approached, the Dutch colonial government relocated to Bandoeng, US personnel began evacuation by aircraft, and the Dutch Navy continued to scuttle destroyers, submarines, minesweepers, and other warships at Surabaya to prevent capture. 
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02 Mar 1942 WW2 USS Sailfish sank Japanese transport Kamogawa Maru east of Bali in the Lombok Strait in the Dutch East Indies at 2100 hours, killing 326. 
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02 Mar 1942 WW2 Naka patrolled off Kragan, Java, Dutch East Indies. 
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02 Mar 1942 WW2 Joseph Rochefort reported that intercepted Japanese Navy radio messages revealed a planned air attack on a location code named AK, which was soon interpreted as Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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02 Mar 1942 WW2 Japanese cruiser Maya, destroyer Arashi, and destroyer Nowaki sank British destroyer HMS Stronghold in the Indian Ocean at 1900 hours, killing 75. 
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02 Mar 1942 WW2 Japanese cruisers Takao and Atago sank US destroyer USS Pillsbury 500 miles south of Java, Dutch East Indies at 2100 hours, all 173 aboard were killed. 
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02 Mar 1942 WW2 16 British RAF Wellington bombers from Malta attacked Palermo, Sicily, Italy, destroying ammunition ship Cuma, whose explosion damaged five warships and eight freighters nearby. 
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02 Mar 1942 WW2 Japanese Navy Minister Admiral Shimada removed previously recognized rules of engagements in naval warfare due to "Allied retaliation and hatred". 
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02 Mar 1942 WW2 USS Perch surfaced at 0200 hours, only to be forced to dive by Japanese destroyers. Her leaking oil and air made the Japanese destroyer to believe she had already broken up, and the Japanese destroyers departed the area. 
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02 Mar 1942 WW2 Japanese destroyer Ikazuchi rescued 442 survivors of HMS Exeter, HMS Encounter, and USS Pope which had been sunk during the Second Battle of the Java Sea on the previous day. 
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02 Mar 1942 WW2 US Army General John L. DeWitt, responsible for the defense of the west coast of the United States, issued Public Proclamation No. 1 to create Military Areas 1 and 2 which covered the entire length of the coast. 
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02 Mar 1942 WW2 US Navy acquired excursion steamer Seeandbee. 
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02 Mar 1943 WW2 After nightfall, USS Greenling unloaded supplies off Cape Orford, New Britain for newly deployed coast watchers. 
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02 Mar 1943 WW2 The Northern Group of the Chindits marched 20 miles along a road northeast of Pinlebu, Burma. 
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02 Mar 1943 WW2 Satoru Anabuki, flying Ki-43 fighter "Fubuki", claimed a Hurricane fighter over Burma, but the downing was not confirmed. 
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02 Mar 1943 WW2 Repair ship Akashi began repairing destroyer Isokaze at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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02 Mar 1943 WW2 Joseph Goebbels' diary entry on this date noted that "we are now definitely pushing the Jews out of Berlin" and expressing that many Jews were still in hiding in the city that needed to be found and deported. 
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02 Mar 1943 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Yokosuka, Japan then sailed to Yokohama, Japan later on the same day. 
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02 Mar 1943 WW2 In Battle of the Bismarck Sea, US and Australian fighters and short range bombers attacked Lae, Australian Papua while US B-17 bombers located and attacked the Japanese convoy Operation 81 at 0930 hours. The first attack on the convoy sank Kyokusei Maru. In the afternoon, another wave of bombers attacked the convoy, damaging Teiyo Maru. After dark, a Catalina aircraft of Australian 11 Squadron maintained contact with the convoy. 
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02 Mar 1943 WW2 Destroyer Yukikaze rescued survivors of transport Kyokusei Maru in the Bismarck Sea. 
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02 Mar 1943 WW2 USS Permit sank a Japanese transport off Iwate, Japan, hitting her with 3 of 4 torpedoes fired. 
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02 Mar 1943 WW2 At 2140 hours, Auschwitz Concentration Camp commandant Rudolf Höss was informed that 15,000 Berlin Jews were being transported to the camp; he ordered that the prisoners must be kept in good health during the journey so that they could work at Auschwitz. 
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02 Mar 1943 WW2 The Soviet 3rd Tank Army was destroyed near Kharkov, Ukraine which had only just been recaptured by the Soviets two weeks prior. 
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02 Mar 1944 WW2 Leutze was commissioned into service. 
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02 Mar 1944 WW2 Walter Krupinski received Oak Leaves to his Knight's Cross medal. 
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02 Mar 1944 WW2 James Johnson was named the commanding officer of the No. 144 (RCAF) Wing. 
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02 Mar 1944 WW2 Wilhelm Kratzer was named the acting civilian administrator of the Channel Islands. 
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02 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Cero arrived at Brisbane, Australia, ending her third war patrol. 
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02 Mar 1944 WW2 US 1st Cavalry Division captured Hayne Airfield at Los Negros Island, Admiralty Islands. 
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02 Mar 1944 WW2 US aircraft carpet-bombed the center of Rabaul, New Britain. The Chinatown district received the most damage. 
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02 Mar 1944 WW2 German Luftwaffe ace Egon Mayer (102 victories) was shot down and killed when his Fw 190 aircraft was bounced by a pair of US 9th Air Force P-47 Thunderbolt aircraft whilst attacking a formation of B-17 bombers near Sedan, France. In a cruel twist of fate his award of Swords had been announced on that same day. 
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02 Mar 1944 WW2 421 Czech prisoners were transferred from Auschwitz Concentration Camp in Poland to Buchenwald Concentration Camp in Germany. 
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02 Mar 1944 WW2 Heinrich Himmler signed Aktion K into effect, which decreed that captured escapees of prisoners of war camps would be sent to the Mauthausen Concentration Camp in occupied Austria, where they would face execution immediately upon arrival and their remains would be destroyed in the camp crematorium. 
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02 Mar 1944 WW2 On Mount Trocchio near Cassino, Italy, walking down a path that was supposed to have been cleared, Major-General Howard Kippenberger, the admirable commander of the 2nd New Zealand Division, stepped on one of the vicious little wooden "Schu" mines. One of his feet was blown off and the other had to be amputated. 
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02 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Ray began pursuing a nine-ship Japanese convoy in the South China Sea. 
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02 Mar 1944 WW2 Allied convoy RA-57 departed the Kola Inlet near Murmansk, Russia. 
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02 Mar 1944 WW2 Escort carrier USS Saginaw Bay (CVE-82) was commissioned with Captain Frank C. Sutton in command. 
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02 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Tunny arrived at Midway Atoll. 
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02 Mar 1945 WW2 Anglo-Indian troops attacked Meiktila, Burma. 
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02 Mar 1945 WW2 In Burma, Corporal Fazal Din was attacked by six sword wielding Japanese after taking an enemy bunker and was run through the chest by one of them. As the officer pulled the sword out, Din wrestled it from him and killed him with his own weapon. Din took down another man and, waving the sword in the air, urged his men on to victory before collapsing. He died shortly afterwards and was awarded a posthumous Victoria Cross. 
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02 Mar 1945 WW2 At Kamye, Burma, Corporal Gian Singh took out a series of foxholes and an anti-tank gun with Thompson submachine gun and grenades despite serious wounds. He was awarded the Victoria Cross. 
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02 Mar 1945 WW2 Elements of US Ninth Army reached the Rhine River at Neuss, Germany. To the north US Third Army captures Trier, Germany. 
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02 Mar 1945 WW2 The RAF conducted its last major raid on Köln (Cologne), Germany with 858 aircraft; also on this date, one USAAF B-17 bomber attacked Köln as a target of opportunity. 
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02 Mar 1945 WW2 Colonel General Walter Weiß reported that his forces in the Danzig-Westpreußen region of Germany (occupied Danzig and Poland) were surrounded by Soviet troops. 
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02 Mar 1945 WW2 German General of the Infantry Hermann Niehoff was named the commanding officer of the Fortress City of Breslau. 
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02 Mar 1945 WW2 1st Lieutenant Theodore Sedvert, flying a P-51 fighter, shot down Oberfaehrich Horst Netzeband, flying a Me 262 jet fighter. Netzeband was wounded in the hip, causing him to be unable to bail out and to be killed when the aircraft crashed near Dillingen, Germany at 0935 hours.  
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02 Mar 1945 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Air Group 85 departed. 
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02 Mar 1945 WW2 US B-24, B-25, and A-20 aircraft attacked Matsuyama Airfield in Taihoku (now Taipei), Taiwan. 
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02 Mar 1946 WW2 USS Seahorse was decommissioned from service at Mare Island Naval Shipyard at Vallejo, California, United States. 
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02 Mar 1946 WW2 USS Spot completed her duty with anti-submarine warfare training units at San Diego, California, United States. 
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