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History on the 3rd of March

History
Date Text
03 Mar 1911 WW2 Maximilian von Weichs was promoted to the rank of Oberleutnant. 
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03 Mar 1918 WW2 Russia signed a peace treaty with the Central Powers at Brest-Litovsk, Russia. Its fourteen articles reduced the territorial possessions of Russia to those of Muscovy before the time of Peter the Great. Poland, the Baltic Provinces and the Ukraine were all surrendered as well as a third of Russia's population. 
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03 Mar 1918 WW2 Settsu arrived at Sasebo, Japan. 
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03 Mar 1921 WW2 Prince Kotohito departed Japan to tour Europe with Prince Hirohito. 
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03 Mar 1931 WW2 The US Congress formally adopted "The Star Spangled Banner" as the US national anthem. 
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03 Mar 1932 WW2 Chinese 19th Route Army and the 5th Army withdrew from Shanghai, China. 
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03 Mar 1933 WW2 Song Zheyuan received Zhang Xueliang's orders to defend the Xifengkuo area near the Great Wall in northern China. 
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03 Mar 1935 WW2 The keel of the German battlecruiser Gneisenau was laid down at Deutschewerke Kiel, Germany. 
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03 Mar 1936 WW2 Adolf Hitler played host to the former British Liberal Prime Minister, David Lloyd George, at his Berghof residence in München–Oberbayern (Bavaria), Germany. 
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03 Mar 1938 WW2 Kaga arrived off Guangdong Province, China. 
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03 Mar 1938 WW2 Oil was discovered in Saudi Arabia. 
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03 Mar 1938 WW2 Curtiss-Wright designer Donovan Berlin presented his Hawk 81 design to leaders of the US Army Air Corps. 
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03 Mar 1939 WW2 USS Astoria departed Culebra, Puerto Rico. 
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03 Mar 1940 WW2 Italy protested UK-proposed ban on Italian imports of German coal. 
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03 Mar 1940 WW2 Two days after the offered peace ultimatum expired, Soviet forces launched a major offensive against the Finns. A beachhead on the frozen Viipuri Bay west of the Viipuri city was reinforced, while the island of Uuras was captured. Finnish General Wallenius was dishonorably discharged for getting drunk during this key moment in the defense; Lieutenant General Lennart Oesch was appointed to succeed him. 
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03 Mar 1940 WW2 British cruiser HMS York stopped German steamer Arucas 50 miles south of Iceland. Arucas' crew of 42 Arucas scuttled the ship; 3 died in the process. 39 men were rescued by York and delivered to Kirkwall, Scotland on 10 Mar 1940. 
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03 Mar 1940 WW2 German submarine U-29 laid mines in the Bristol Channel. British steamer Cato hit one of them later on this date, killing 13; 2 survivors were rescued by minesweeper HMS Akita. 
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03 Mar 1940 WW2 Adolf Hitler decided that the invasion of Norway would take place prior to the invasion of France. 
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03 Mar 1940 WW2 Hermann Göring met with US Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles in Berlin, Germany. 
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03 Mar 1940 WW2 In a session of the Soviet Politburo in Moscow, Russia, Joseph Stalin and the five Politburo members approved the execution of captured Polish officers and land owners. 
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03 Mar 1940 WW2 As the large passenger liner Queen Elizabeth sailed for New York, British agents released false information regarding the final destination being Southampton in southern England, United Kingdom. German intelligence apparently picked up this information as Luftwaffe aircraft appeared to bomb Southampton on this date, the date when Queen Elizabeth was falsely said to arrive. 
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03 Mar 1941 WW2 Erwin Rommel moved German 5th Light Division to a narrow pass 17 miles west of the Allied forward positions at El Agheila, Libya to block any Allied advances toward Tripoli. He also ordered the construction of defensive positions in the desert to the south to prevent the Allies from bypassing the pass. 
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03 Mar 1941 WW2 Italian aircraft bombed Larissa, Greece; 5 bombers were shot down by RAF Hurricane fighters. 
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03 Mar 1941 WW2 German battlecruisers Scharnhorst and Gneisenau reached the Cape Verde Islands area in Central Atlantic. 
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03 Mar 1941 WW2 German submariner Bootsmannsmaat Artur Mei fell overboard from U-97 440 miles west of Ireland. He was never seen again. 
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03 Mar 1941 WW2 The US Marine Corps set up 8 men (6 Marines and 2 US Navy corpsmen) and 2 5-inch guns on Johnston Island. 
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03 Mar 1942 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Palau. 
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03 Mar 1942 WW2 After emergency repairs, USS Perch attempted to make a test dive, but it failed without almost disastrous results. As repairs continued, she was discovered by two Japanese cruisers and three Japanese destroyers. Commanding officer David A. Hurt gave the abandon ship order, sinking the ship and giving up himself and his crew, totaling 59 men, to the Japanese. 
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03 Mar 1942 WW2 Unsubstantiated reports were made, mentioning the shelling of Mona island near Puerto Rico by a submarine. 
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03 Mar 1942 WW2 Allied leaders approved the division of Western Pacific into two zones, with Burma and all Southeast Asia west of Java-Sumatra border under the command of British General Archibald Wavell, and areas to the east under the command of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff. 
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03 Mar 1942 WW2 The Atlantic Amphibious Force, commanded by USMC Major General Holland Smith, received its final redesignation as Amphibious Corps, Atlantic Fleet. 
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03 Mar 1942 WW2 Joseph Stilwell met with Chiang Kaishek in Lashio, Burma. 
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03 Mar 1942 WW2 Japanese destroyers Arashi and Nowaki sank US gunboat USS Asheville south of Java, Dutch East Indies, killing all 170 aboard. 
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03 Mar 1942 WW2 German submarine U-129 sank US transport Mary 165 miles north of Dutch Suriname in the Atlantic Ocean at 1705 hours; 1 was killed, 33 survived. On the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, German submarine U-68 sank British ship Helenus 86 miles west of Monrovia, Liberia at 1721 hours; 6 were killed, 76 survived. 
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03 Mar 1942 WW2 Soviet transport Kiev fell out of Allied convoy PQ-12 in poor weather. 
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03 Mar 1942 WW2 In Western Australia, Australia, 9 Japanese Zero fighters from Koepang, Timor, Dutch East Indies attacked the flying boat anchorage at Roebuck Bay (destroying 15 flying boats) and the airfield at Broome (destroying 5 bombers and 2 transport aircraft; one of the transports shot down at Broome, a DC-3 airliner carrying evacuees from Java, Dutch East Indies, crashed into the jungle 50 miles north of the city, destroying its cargo of £150,000-£300,000 worth of diamonds. Only 1 Japanese Zero fighter was lost during the attack. 
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03 Mar 1942 WW2 At Rabaul, New Britain, the Japanese South Seas Force began embarking transports Yokohama Maru and China Maru, while the Maizaru 2nd Special Naval Landing Force began embarking transports Kongo Maru, Tenyo Maru, and Kokai Maru for the invasion of Lae and Salamaua in the Australian Territory of New Guinea. 
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03 Mar 1942 WW2 Japanese troops forced Indian 17th Infantry Division out of Payagyi, Burma. 
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03 Mar 1942 WW2 Australian troops continued to hold against Japanese attacks at Leuwiliang west of Batavia, Java, Dutch East Indies. In eastern Java, Japanese captured Bojonegoro. 
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03 Mar 1942 WW2 Nachi arrived at Kendari, Celebes, Dutch East Indies. She departed for Makassar, Celebes later on the same day. 
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03 Mar 1942 WW2 RAF bombed the Renault plant in Billancourt, near Paris, France, while the Lancaster bomber made its debut mining the harbor at Brest, France. 
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03 Mar 1942 WW2 A German report noted that over 5,000 arrests and more than 250 executions were conducted in Vichy France in 1941. 
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03 Mar 1942 WW2 Two Japanese flying boats from the Marshall Islands, refueled by submarines, attacked the US Territory of Hawaii. The intended target was Pearl Harbor, but during this cloudy night one aircraft dropped its four bombs on Mount Tantalus 6 miles away, while the other aircraft dropped its four bombs in the water. 
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03 Mar 1942 WW2 USS Grayback fired a torpedo at a Japanese transport in the Philippine Sea off Tinian, Mariana Islands; the torpedo missed. 
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03 Mar 1943 WW2 Hitler survived an assassination attempt. 
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03 Mar 1943 WW2 Soviet troops recaptured Rzhev, Russia. 
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03 Mar 1943 WW2 The No. 4 Column of the Northern Group of the Chindits was ambushed and was nearly annihilated; Orde Wingate ordered the column to return to India. Meanwhile, the two columns of the Southern Group were ambushed by Japanese troops in the Mu valley after dark; both columns lost much equipment, while one of them was nearly wiped out. 
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03 Mar 1943 WW2 Destroyer Yukikaze was attacked by US aircraft in the Bismarck Sea but sustained no damage. 
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03 Mar 1943 WW2 Battle of the Bismarck Sea: In the morning, 7 Australian 100 Squadron Beaufort aircraft took off from an airfield on the coast of Milne Bay, Australian Papua to attack the Japanese convoy Operation 81; only 2 of them would reach the convoy due to poor weather, and the attack would cause no damage. Shortly after, more than 100 aircraft took off from Port Moresby, Milne Bay area, and the new Dobodura airfield, assembled over Cape Ward Hunt, and attacked the convoy beginning at 0955 hours; 7 transports and 3 destroyers were sunk or damaged by a combination of strafing, bombing, and skip-bombing. Rear Admiral Yutaka Kimura and Lieutenant General Hatazo Adachi had to be rescued off of damaged destroyers Shikinami and Tokitsukaze, respectively. In the late morning, several waves of bombers attacked the convoy; when one US B-17 bomber, "Double Trouble" was fatally damaged, the crew parachuted, and Japanese fighters shot at the parachutes, which was observed by the other Americans. In the mid-afternoon, B-25 bombers and B-17 bombers attacked the convoy, fatally damaged destroyer Arashio; after expending their bombs, the Americans strafed many Japanese survivors floating in the water. 
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03 Mar 1943 WW2 Repair ship Akashi completed the repair work for transport Nankai Maru at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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03 Mar 1943 WW2 He Yingqin arrived in Chongqing, China. 
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03 Mar 1943 WW2 USS Nassau arrived at Espiritu Santo in the morning with US Marine Aircraft Group 21 and its 54 F4F Wildcat fighters aboard. 
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03 Mar 1943 WW2 The 32nd transport from Berlin, Germany arrived at Auschwitz Concentration Camp in Poland in two trains, totaling 1,758 German Jews and 158 Norwegian Jews. 535 men and 145 women were registered into the camp from the first train, and 50 and 164 were registered from the second train. The remaining 1,022 were killed in gas chambers. 
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03 Mar 1943 WW2 British anti-aircraft gunners used a new rocket projectile for the first time during an air raid on London, England, United Kingdom. Civilians descending into a new tube station at Bethnal Green to take cover became panicked by the unfamiliar sound and, believing they were being bombed, stampeded down the stairs. In the crush someone stumbled causing others to fall. Those behind, not being able to see what was happening below continued to press forward, and soon 300 bodies were piled up. Tragically 173 people were crushed to death or suffocated. For the sake of public morale, news of the tragedy was suppressed for another two years. 
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03 Mar 1943 WW2 USS Snook departed New London, Connecticut, United States. 
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03 Mar 1944 WW2 The number of British civilian casualties (50,324) became higher than military (50,103). 
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03 Mar 1944 WW2 Under heavy Allied pressure, Spain ordered all remaining Spaniards in German service home, but some ignored the order, and would end up fighting in Berlin, Germany near the end of the European War. 
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03 Mar 1944 WW2 The German Security Police in Italy requested the Italians to assist them in enlarging the Fossoli transit camp because of the growing number of prisoners interned there. 
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03 Mar 1944 WW2 A transport of 1,390 prisoners, mostly Latvians and Russians, was sent from Stutthof Concentration Camp to Mauthausen Concentration Camp. 
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03 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Gar began her eleventh war patrol which saw her on lifeguard duty off Palau Islands. 
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03 Mar 1944 WW2 Franklin Roosevelt announced to the American public that United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union were intended on dividing the Italian fleet evenly between the three powers as war reparations. 
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03 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Ray fired four torpedoes at a nine-ship Japanese convoy in the South China Sea, damaging one tanker with one torpedo hit. 
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03 Mar 1944 WW2 US Marine Corps squadron VMF-223 conducted a reconnaissance sweep over Tobera Airfield in New Britain. Major Robert Keller recorded a kill, but Japanese records showed that all 7 A6M fighters scrambled to defend the airfield all returned safely. 
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03 Mar 1944 WW2 29 USAAF bombers attacked Berlin, Germany; the attack was "accidental", as it was actually called off, but the aircraft failed to receive the order. 
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03 Mar 1944 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Part of Night Fighting Squadron 77 (VF(N)-77; Model F6F) departed. 
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03 Mar 1944 WW2 Three Italian motor torpedo boats attacked the Allied beachhead at Anzio, Italy before dawn, causing no damage and suffering no losses. During the day, the Germans called off the attacks on the beachhead. 
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03 Mar 1944 WW2 Irako began repairs at Yokosuka, Japan and later Yokohama, Japan. 
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03 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Alabama became the flagship of Vice Admiral Marc Mitscher of the US Navy Fast Carrier Task Force at Majuro Atoll, Marshall Islands. 
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03 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Bluefish attacked a Japanese transport in the South China Sea; all 10 torpedoes missed. 
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03 Mar 1944 WW2 Joseph Stalin disbanded the Chechen–Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic as punishment for insurgency. 
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03 Mar 1944 WW2 An American B-29 bomber dropped a dummy atomic bomb at Muroc Army Air Force Base in California, United States at the altitude of 24,000 feet. The test bomb considerably damaged the aircraft's bomb bay doors as it exited the aircraft. 
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03 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Tunny departed Midway Atoll. 
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03 Mar 1945 WW2 Cruiser Köln was sunk by British aircraft at Wilhelmshaven, Germany. Her turrets remain above water and operational. 
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03 Mar 1945 WW2 Gheorghe Avramescu passed away. 
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03 Mar 1945 WW2 Kurt Schmidt passed away. 
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03 Mar 1945 WW2 US and Filipino troops captured Manila, Luzon, Philippine Islands. 
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03 Mar 1945 WW2 Canadian troops captured Xanten, Germany while US First Army captured Krefeld, Germany. 
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03 Mar 1945 WW2 USS Charr arrived at Fremantle, Australia, ending her first war patrol. 
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03 Mar 1945 WW2 USS Sea Robin sank the Japanese cargo ship Suiten Maru north of Surabaja, Java, hitting her with 1 of 7 torpedoes fired; she picked up 3 survivors. 
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03 Mar 1945 WW2 USS Chub was attacked by a Japanese submarine but was able to escape unharmed. 
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03 Mar 1945 WW2 German 6th Volksgrenadier Division captured Lauban, Germany (now Poland). 
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03 Mar 1945 WW2 In Burma, British Lieutenant William Weston, 21, of the Green Howards, was clearing a labyrinth of bunkers and tunnels with grenades when he was wounded. Falling into the entrance of an enemy bunker, his only thought was for the task. He pulled the pin of a grenade and rolled into the strong-point killing himself and all inside. He was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross. 
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03 Mar 1945 WW2 Anglo-Indian troops captured Meiktila, Burma after the final 47 Japanese defenders committed suicide. Japanese resistance in outskirts of the city would continue for a few more days. 
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03 Mar 1945 WW2 Prisoners at Hinzert satellite camp of Buchenwald Concentration Camp were evacuated. 
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03 Mar 1945 WW2 USS Franklin departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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03 Mar 1945 WW2 USS Tirante departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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03 Mar 1945 WW2 57 Mitchell and Boston bombers of the RAF Second Tactical Air Force were sent to bomb a suspected rocket launching site in a wooded park in the Hague in the Netherlands. Some of the 69 tons of bombs meant for the site missed by as much as 500 yards, hitting the Bezuidenhout district. 500 civilians were killed and 2,000 were injured, while several thousands were made homeless. The German occupation refused to help the survivors, delaring that the "Dutch have to learn what it is like", referring to the Allied bombing of German cities of Hamburg, Dresden, and others. 
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03 Mar 1945 WW2 US fighters based in the Philippine Islands strafed Koshun Airfield, Takao Prefecture, Taiwan. 
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