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History on the 12th of March

History
Date Text
12 Mar 1607 RELIGIOUS Birth of Paul Gerhardt, German clergyman and hymnwriter. He lost four of his five children in childhood, yet also composed over 130 hymns, including "O Sacred Head, Now Wounded." (Gerhardt's music marks the transition in Lutheran hymnody from confessional and high_church hymns to hymns of devotional piety.)
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12 Mar 1622 RELIGIOUS Gregory XV canonized Ignatius Loyola, founder of the Jesuits; Philip Neri, Italian co_founder of a medical religious order; Teresa of Avila, a Spanish Carmelite nun; and Francis Xavier, the Jesuit "Apostle of Eastern Asia."
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12 Mar 1710 RELIGIOUS Birth of Thomas A. Arne, considered one of the outstanding English composers of the 18th century. Today, Arne is best remembered for his hymn tune ARLINGTON, to which we commonly sing, "Am I a Soldier of the Cross?"
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12 Mar 1826 RELIGIOUS Birth of Robert Lowery, American Baptist clergyman and hymnwriter. He is chiefly remembered today for writing and composing the hymns "Christ Arose," "Nothing But the Blood of Jesus," "We're Marching to Zion," "All the Way My Savior Leads Me" and "I Need Thee Every Hour."
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12 Mar 1904 RELIGIOUS Raphael Hawaweeny was ordained Eastern Orthodox bishop of Brooklyn, NY, at St. Nicholas Church. As a vicar under the Holy Synod of the Church of Russia, Hawaweeny thus became the first Russian Orthodox bishop ordained in America.
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12 Mar 1915 WW2 The British Foreign Secretary, Sir Edward Grey, signed a secret pact with the Russian Ambassador in London, England, United Kingdom giving Russia the right to post-war control of Constantinople and the Turkish Straits, in return for recognition of British and French aspirations in the remainder of the Ottoman Empire. 
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12 Mar 1922 WW2 Azerbaijan became a member state of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. 
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12 Mar 1933 WW2 Jews in Gedern, Germany were assaulted by others of the town. One of them was severely injured and was forced to remain hospitalized for the following year. 
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12 Mar 1933 WW2 Franklin Roosevelt held the first of a series of radio addresses, which would later be known as Fireside Chats, speaking on the banking crisis. 
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12 Mar 1933 WW2 A German ruling established two legal national flags: the reintroduced black-white-red imperial tricolor and the Nazi Party swastika flag. 
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12 Mar 1933 WW2 Du Yuming received orders to withdraw Chinese 25th Division from the area near Gubeikou Pass of the Great Wall in Hebei Province, China. 
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12 Mar 1933 WW2 Zhang Xueliang resigned his position as the head of the Beiping Military Committee. 
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12 Mar 1933 WW2 Oranienburg north of Berlin, Germany became the site of the first German concentration camp. 
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12 Mar 1937 WW2 Georg von Küchler was named the commanding officer of 1st Military District with personal command over I Corps. 
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12 Mar 1938 WW2 Germany declared, then affected by marching troops across the frontier, Anschluß with Austria. Hours later, Adolf Hitler visited Linz in the recently annexed Austria region of Germany; he met with the German-installed Austrian Chancellor Arthur Seyß-Inquart at this city to discuss details of the occupation. Ousted Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg was placed under house arrest. 
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12 Mar 1939 WW2 German leaders demanded Slovakian leader Jozef Tiso to visit Berlin, Germany, where he was told to declare Slovakian independence immediately otherwise Germany would withdraw its support for such a movement. 
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12 Mar 1939 WW2 Japanese troops began advancing from Hubei Province, China toward Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China. 
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12 Mar 1940 WW2 At 0900 hours, Finnish President Kyösti Kallio authorized his delegates in Moscow full powers to negotiate peace terms. Soviet representatives had drafted a document dated today, ready for the Finnish delegation to sign. The document called for Finland to give up 35,000 square kilometers of territory to Russia, which constituted about 10% of the country, including Salla, the Karelian Isthmus, and Ladoga Karelia, housing about 12% of the entire Finnish population. The Hanko Peninsula was also forced to be leased to the Soviets for 30 years for use as a military base. 
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12 Mar 1940 WW2 Swedish offered Finland a defensive alliance, but it was too late to help Finland as it was about to surrender to the Soviet Union. 
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12 Mar 1940 WW2 A transport of 1,000 German Jews was forced to march through cold weather toward the Lublin Ghetto. 72 German Jews died of exposure. 
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12 Mar 1940 WW2 US Under Secretary for State Sumner Welles returned to the US from a fact finding mission, during which he met with one Pope, two Kings, one Führer, One Duce, and three Premieres. 
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12 Mar 1940 WW2 Adolf Hitler met with Colin Ross, whom Hitler considered to be his top adviser on the United States. Ross told Hitler that the United States, run by Jews, had imperialist tendencies in terms of foreign policy. Ross also advised Hitler that Franklin Roosevelt, who had come to power around the same time as Hitler, was jealous of Hitler's greater success thus was plotting with the Western Allies to defeat Germany. 
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12 Mar 1940 WW2 German Foreign Minister Ribbentrop continued his meeting with Mussolini in Italy, setting up a conference between Hitler and Mussolini to be held some time on or after 19 Mar 1940. 
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12 Mar 1940 WW2 20,000 British troops embarked on transport ships at Rosyth, Scotland and waited for the order to sail to Norway, through which country they would march into Finland to aid in the war against Soviet Union as well as to secure iron mines in Sweden. 
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12 Mar 1940 WW2 Henry Arnold received a warning from Franklin Roosevelt for having voiced complaints against policies set forth by Roosevelt's cabinet. 
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12 Mar 1941 WW2 Winston Churchill thanked the US for "a new Magna Carta", referring to the Lend-Lease Act signed into law on the previous day. 
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12 Mar 1941 WW2 Benito Mussolini visited Italian troops in Albania to bolster morale. 
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12 Mar 1941 WW2 German submarine U-37 sank Icelandic trawler Pétursey with surface weapons 300 miles south of Iceland at 1805 hours. All 10 crew members were reported to have taken to lifeboats, but they would never been seen again. 
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12 Mar 1941 WW2 German bombers attacked Merseyside (containing the city of Liverpool), England, United Kingdom. 8 merchant ships were sunk, one floating crane was destroyed, and 174 people were killed in the town of Wallasey. 
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12 Mar 1942 WW2 German submarine U-158 sank US tanker John D. Gill off North Carolina, United States, killing 4. To the south, in the Bahamas, U-126 sank US freighters Texan at 0234 hours (9 were killed, 38 survived) and Olga at 0611 hours (1 was killed, 32 survived) and damaged US freighter Colabee. 520 miles northeast of the British Virgin Islands, Italian submarine Morosini sank British freighter Manaqui. 
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12 Mar 1942 WW2 Troops of US Americal Division occupied French colony of New Caledonia in the South Pacific, where a major base at Nouméa was planned to be built in the near future. 
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12 Mar 1942 WW2 British authorities evacuated the Andaman Islands. 
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12 Mar 1942 WW2 Tirpitz arrived at Trondheim, Norway. 
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12 Mar 1942 WW2 US Army Lieutenant General Joseph Stilwell was named the commander of American forces in the CBI theater. 
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12 Mar 1942 WW2 Tatsuta Maru departed Wake Island. 
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12 Mar 1942 WW2 USS Pollack attacked a Japanese cargo ship between Taiwan and the Japanese home islands with one torpedo; the torpedo missed. 
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12 Mar 1942 WW2 Captain Henry Goodwin led a flight of 4 B-17 Flying Fortress bombers from Batchelor Field, Darwin, Australia to Mindanao, Philippine Islands to embark Douglas MacArthur. 3 aircraft would be turned back due to mechanical troubles (1 of these 3 would crash on the return trip). The lone aircraft that made it (1st Lieutenant Harl Pease, Jr.) was judged to be in too poor of shape to embark MacArthur, and was sent back to Australia by Brigadier General William Sharp. 
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12 Mar 1942 WW2 On Sumatra, Dutch East Indies, Japanese troops landed at Sabang at 0235 hours, Koetaradja at 0330 hours, Idi at 0540, and Laboehanroekoe at 0700 hours. They would capture the airfield at Medan in the morning. 
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12 Mar 1942 WW2 British General Sitwell, Australian Brigadier Blackburn, and US Colonel Searle formally surrendered to Japanese General Maruyama at Bandung, Java, Dutch East Indies at 0730 hours. 
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12 Mar 1942 WW2 Naka arrived at Makassar, Celebes, Dutch East Indies. 
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12 Mar 1942 WW2 Jonathan Wainwright took over command in the Philippine Islands. 
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12 Mar 1942 WW2 Allied convoy PQ-12 arrived at Murmansk, Russia. 
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12 Mar 1943 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru departed Yokohoma for her 11th voyage with the Japanese Navy. 
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12 Mar 1943 WW2 Tirpitz arrived at Bogen near Narvik, Norway. 
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12 Mar 1943 WW2 German troops evacuated Vyazma, Russia. 
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12 Mar 1943 WW2 German occupation authorities in the Netherlands ordered Jews residing in eight of the country's eleven provinces to be deported to the Vught (Hertogenbosch) Concentration Camp. 
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12 Mar 1943 WW2 Italian workers conducted a strike. 
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12 Mar 1943 WW2 German and Soviet troops engaged in heavy fighting at Kharkov, Ukraine. 
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12 Mar 1943 WW2 Manton Eddy gave George Patton the unofficial news of Patton's promotion to the temporary rank of lieutenant general. The promotion would be approved by the United States Senate within a few days. 
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12 Mar 1943 WW2 Lin Sen suffered a stroke during a meeting with the Canadian delegation to Chongqing, China. 
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12 Mar 1943 WW2 RAF bombers attacked Krupp steel plants in Essen, Germany, causing heavy damage. 
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12 Mar 1943 WW2 The company Ostindustrie GmbH established by the German SS organization; it was to act as the holding company for Jewish businesses in Lublin, Poland taken over by the SS. 
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12 Mar 1943 WW2 Richard Sutherland presented the Elkton II plan for operations in the Pacific to the US Joint Chiefs of Staff in Washington, United States. The plan was treated coldly by the JCS, as it did not wish to devote additional resources to the Pacific theater of war. 
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12 Mar 1944 WW2 Submarine Blackfin was launched, sponsored by the wife of US Navy Rear Admiral Charles A. Lockwood. 
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12 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Flying Fish sank a Japanese transport in the Western Pacific, hitting her with 2 of 2 torpedoes fired. 
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12 Mar 1944 WW2 In the Arakan region of Burma, Corpporal Nand Singh won the Victoria Cross for capturing Japanese positions despite being seriously wounded. 
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12 Mar 1944 WW2 Orde Wingate sent Winston Churchill a message noting the initial successes of Operation Thursday in Burma. 
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12 Mar 1944 WW2 The Czechoslovakian government-in-exile called civilians to rise up against German occupation. 
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12 Mar 1944 WW2 Adolf Hitler ordered the occupation of Hungary, Operation Margarethe. 
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12 Mar 1944 WW2 The government of Ireland banned international travel. 
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12 Mar 1944 WW2 An errant V-1 flying bomb landed in Swedish territory. 
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12 Mar 1944 WW2 German troops and Ukrainian nationalists burned the village of Plikorov near Lvov, killing 385 people as reprisal against partisan operations. 
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12 Mar 1944 WW2 All travel between Great Britain and neutral Ireland were banned to prevent details of the invasion of France being leaked to the enemy. 
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12 Mar 1945 WW2 US Third Army crossed Moselle River near Koblenz, Germany. 
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12 Mar 1945 WW2 Heinrich Himmler signed orders to surrender concentration camps to the Allies, which contradicted Adolf Hitler's prior order. 
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12 Mar 1945 WW2 1,108 RAF bombers attacked Dortmund, Germany, dropping 4,851 tons of bombs. 
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12 Mar 1945 WW2 German Jew Anne Frank died in Belsen Concentration Camp. 
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12 Mar 1945 WW2 Soviet troops captured Küstrin, Germany. 
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12 Mar 1945 WW2 USS Croaker departed Fremantle, Australia for her fourth war patrol. 
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12 Mar 1945 WW2 German troops cut off elements of Soviet 5th Guards Army in Silesia, Germany (now Poland) before dawn. 
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12 Mar 1945 WW2 Japanese troops launched a counteroffensive aimed at recapturing Meiktila, Burma. 
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12 Mar 1945 WW2 Soviet and Polish troops launched a renewed assault on Kolberg, Germany (now Kolobrzeg, Poland). 
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12 Mar 1945 WW2 SS General Ernst Kaltenbrunner agreed to allow Red Cross delegates to visit concentration camps. 
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12 Mar 1945 WW2 HMS Colossus departed Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom. 
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12 Mar 1946 WW2 Ferenc Szálasi passed away. 
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12 Mar 1946 WW2 Regarding the countless German civilian deaths as the result of Allied bombing, Wing Commander Millington, MP of Chelmsford, said at the House of Commons "We want - that is, the people who served in Bomber Command of the Royal Air Force and their next-of-kin - a categorical assurance that the work we did was militarily and strategically justified." 
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12 Mar 1946 WW2 Herman Göring's attorney Dr. Otto Stahmer convinced the war crimes tribunal in Nürnberg, Germany to investigate further into the Soviet version of the description of the Katyn massacre. 
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12 Mar 1946 WW2 Dragoljub Mihailovic was found and captured by Yugoslavian Communists in eastern Bosnia. 
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12 Mar 1949 WW2 He Yingqin was named the third head of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China and the chairman of the US aid committee. 
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