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History on the 16th of March

History
Date Text
16 Mar 0597 RELIGIOUS BC According to certain archaeological calculations, the first conquest of Jerusalem by Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar occurred. In the Bible, the event is recorded in 2 Kings 24:1ff. and in 2 Chronicles 36:5-8. It is also implied in the early chapters of Jeremiah and Ezekiel.
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16 Mar 1621 RELIGIOUS Birth of George Neumark, German educator. Twice in life he lost everything: once by robbers and once by fire. As a poet, Neumark is best remembered as author of the hymn, "If Thou But Suffer God to Guide Thee."
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16 Mar 1914 WW2 The keel of battleship Arizona was laid down at Brooklyn Navy Yard, New York, United States. 
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16 Mar 1915 RELIGIOUS Birth of Dr. Robert H. Bowman, missions pioneer. In 1945, along with John Broger and William J. Roberts, Bowman helped found the Far East Broadcasting Company. Today FEBC reaches thousands of Pacific island clusters with the Gospel through Christian radio.
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16 Mar 1916 WW2 US military aircraft flew their first reconnaissance mission over foreign territory when the 1st Aero Squadron equipped with Curtiss JN-3s joined Army units retaliating after a raid by Mexican rebel "Pancho" Villa claimed the lives of 19 Americans. 
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16 Mar 1926 WW2 Dr. Robert H. Goddard launched the first successful liquid-fuelled rocket from Auburn, Massachusetts, United States. Flying for only 2.5 seconds, the rocket travelled 184 feet at around a speed of 60 miles per hour. 
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16 Mar 1929 WW2 Kenkichi Ueda was made the commanding officer of the Japanese China Garrison Army. 
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16 Mar 1934 WW2 Soviet troops captured Korla, Xinjiang, China. 
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16 Mar 1935 WW2 Adolf Hitler announced mandatory military conscription; it was the first of many violations of Versailles Treaty restrictions to be committed by Germany. 
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16 Mar 1935 WW2 Heinrich Himmler established the SS-Verfügungstruppe (Special Task Troops). 
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16 Mar 1936 WW2 Vice Admiral Tsugumatsu Inoue was named the commanding officer of Chinkai Guard District in southern Korea. 
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16 Mar 1938 WW2 Italian aircraft based in Majorca began a three-day around-the-clock bombing campaign on the Spanish city of Barcelona. Meanwhile, Spanish Nationalists forced the Spanish Republicans to retreat up to 60 miles during the offensive toward Aragon and Levante in Spain. 
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16 Mar 1938 WW2 Benito Mussolini, previously a proponent of Austrian independence, stated his support for the recently affected German occupation of Austria. 
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16 Mar 1938 WW2 The full Japanese offensive against Tengxian, Jiangsu Province, China began at 0800 hours with a bombardment by mountain guns and aircraft. Japanese troops attempted multiple times to rush into the town via collapsed portions of the city wall, but most of the attackers were cut down by Chinese troops. The east gate was taken at 1700 hours, but it was recaptured by the Chinese at 2000 hours. Through the night, 1,000 men from the Chinese 370th and 372nd Battalions were able to sneak into the town as reinforcement. 
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16 Mar 1939 WW2 In eastern Czechoslovakia, Slovakian leader Jozef Tiso sent a telegram, originally authored by Hermann Göring, to ask for German troops to enter Slovakian borders. In western Czechoslovakia, Germany declared the formation of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, with Konstantin von Neurath as the German Protector, immediately enacting anti-Semitic laws. 
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16 Mar 1940 WW2 Benito Mussolini held peace talks with US envoy Sumner Welles in Rome. 
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16 Mar 1940 WW2 Yugoslavian steamer Slava hit a mine laid by German submarine U-29 on 2 Mar 1940 and sank in the Bristol Channel, killing 1. 33 were rescued. 
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16 Mar 1940 WW2 32 German Ju 88 dive bombers bombed the Royal Navy Home Fleet base at Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands. HMS Norfolk was hit with one bomb, blowing a hole below the water line and killing 6. James Isbister became the first British civilian to be killed by a German bomb when his house in the nearby village of Bridge of Waithe. 
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16 Mar 1941 WW2 At Keren, Eritrea, Italian East Africa, British 2nd West Yorkshire Regiment climbed up the steep mountain to attack Italian positions at Fort Dologorodoc overnight; to the British troops' advantage, some of the Italian troops had departed from the fort to attack Indian 5th Mahratta Light Infantry Regiment at the base of the mountain, allowing the fort to be captured at 0630 hours after about 2 hours of combat, yielding 400 prisoners of war. In British Somaliland, 2 Indian battalions conducted an amphibious landing at Berbera; the port was defended by only 60 Italian troops, who surrendered without resisting. 
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16 Mar 1941 WW2 German submarine U-100 became the first submarine to be tracked by radar. It was sunk by HMS Vanoc with depth charges. Only 6 of the 44 crew survived; commanding officer Joachim Scepke went down with U-100. In the same action, U-99 was scuttled after being damaged by HMS Walker; most of the crew survived, including the captain Otto Kretschmer. 
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16 Mar 1941 WW2 German battlecruisers Scharnhorst and Gneisenau attacked an Allied convoy 950 miles east of Nova Scotia, Canada between 0428 and 1550 hours, sinking or capturing 10 ships. Danish ship Chilean Reefer sent distress signals and returned fire with her deck gun, and was sunk by Gneisenau's 11-inch shells, killing 9. British battleship HMS Rodney received the distress signals, but arrived only after the German ships had already departed the area. 
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16 Mar 1941 WW2 The Italian Primavera Offensive was called off after 8 days after the Italians had suffered 12,000 casualties. 
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16 Mar 1941 WW2 German bombers sank British anti-submarine trawler HMT Lady Lilian and damaged HMT Angle 85 miles west of Ireland. 
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16 Mar 1941 WW2 British submarine HMS Parthian damaged Italian steamer Giovanni Boccaccio 50 miles east of Malta. 
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16 Mar 1941 WW2 German submarine U-106 sank Dutch ship Almkerk 220 miles off the coast of Gambia, British West Africa. The entire crew of 66 survived the attack and took to 2 lifeboats, and all would survive. 
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16 Mar 1941 WW2 162 German bombers attacked Bristol, England, United Kingdom overnight, targeting the docks at Avonmouth and the city center; 257 were killed, 391 were wounded. 
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16 Mar 1941 WW2 Adolf Hitler predicted that the United Kingdom would fall by 1942. 
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16 Mar 1942 WW2 Italian submarine Morosini sank Dutch tanker Oscilla 145 miles northeast of Antigua; 4 were killed, 51 survived. At 1824 hours, German submarine U-504 sank British ship Stangarth 300 miels north of San Juan, Puerto Rico on her maiden voyage, killing all 46 aboard. German submarine U-332 sank US tanker Australia 20 kilometers off North Carolina, United States at 1955 hours; 4 were killed, 36 survived. To the northeast, U-404 sank British tanker San Demetrio 60 kilometers east of Hampton Roads, Virginia, United States. At 2317 hours, on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, U-68 sank British ship Baron Newlands 6 miles south of Cape Palmas, Liberia; 18 were killed, 20 survived. 
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16 Mar 1942 WW2 Japanese aircraft raided Darwin, Australia. 
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16 Mar 1942 WW2 HMS Begonia was loaned to the US Navy and was renamed USS Impulse. 
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16 Mar 1942 WW2 A number of US B-26 Marauder bombers were launched from the US Territory of Hawaii for Brisbane, Australia. 
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16 Mar 1942 WW2 Shokaku returned to Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. 
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16 Mar 1942 WW2 USS Permit arrived at Corregidor in the Philippine Islands, delivering ammunition and evacuated 36 US Navy cryptanalysts. 
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16 Mar 1942 WW2 2 B-17 Flying Fortress bombers (Lieutenant Frank Bostrom and Captain Bill Lewis) flew from Batchelor Field, Darwin, Australia to Mindanao, Philippine Islands to pick up Douglas MacArthur. 
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16 Mar 1942 WW2 46 radio intelligence personnel were evacuated from the US Navy Station CAST facility at Corregidor island, Philippine Islands. 
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16 Mar 1942 WW2 Belzec Concentration Camp was established in occupied Poland for the purpose of holding and exterminating Jews from Lublin and Galicia. 
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16 Mar 1942 WW2 Soviet ambassador in London, England, United Kingdom expressed wish for a second front in Europe. 
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16 Mar 1943 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Saipan, departing later on the same day. 
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16 Mar 1943 WW2 27 Allied ships were destroyed in the Atlantic Ocean on this date, 8 of which were of Allied convoy HX-229. 
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16 Mar 1943 WW2 Joseph Stalin demanded the western Allies to open a second front in Europe. 
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16 Mar 1943 WW2 Operational trials of the 37-mm Flak gun-armed German Ju 87G anti-tank aircraft began on the Eastern Front. 
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16 Mar 1943 WW2 HMS Campobello was abandoned and scuttled after suffering irreparable leaks whilst engaged in escorting convoy SC-122. 
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16 Mar 1943 WW2 USS Permit completed her seventh war patrol. 
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16 Mar 1943 WW2 Repair ship Akashi began repairing transport Noshiro Maru at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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16 Mar 1944 WW2 American aircraft attacked a Japanese convoy near Wewak, New Guinea. 
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16 Mar 1944 WW2 Captain Yoshi Matsuura was named the commanding officer of light carrier Ryuho. 
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16 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Flying Fish sank a Japanese transport and damaged a tanker off Okinawa, Japan, hitting them with 3 of 10 torpedoes fired. 
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16 Mar 1944 WW2 Allies troops captured Mawlu, a major rail link in central Burma. 
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16 Mar 1944 WW2 German Type IXC submarine U-505 left Brest, France on the submarine's 12th patrol, with Oberleutnant-zur-See Harald Lange in command. 
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16 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Seahorse departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for her fourth war patrol. 
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16 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Harder departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for her fourth war patrol. 
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16 Mar 1944 WW2 Allied troops continued the attack on Monte Cassino, Italy. 
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16 Mar 1944 WW2 British civilian Oswald Job was hanged at Pentonville Prison in Islington, London, England, United Kingdom for spying. 
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16 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Tang departed Midway, starting her second war patrol in the waters near Palau Islands, Caroline Islands, and south of the Philippine Islands. 
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16 Mar 1945 WW2 Commanding officer Captain William Rassieur of USS Sargent Bay was relieved by Captain Richard Oliver. 
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16 Mar 1945 WW2 American bombers dropped 300 bombs on Vienna, Austria, many of which landed in the Tiergarten Schönbrunn, which was the world's oldest zoo. 2,000 animals out of 3,500 in the zoo were killed. 
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16 Mar 1945 WW2 307 US B-29 bombers devastated a 3-square mile area in Kobe, Japan and caused 15,000 in casualties. 
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16 Mar 1945 WW2 12 Lancaster bombers and 12 Halifax bombers conducted minelaying operations off Helgoland, Germany and in the Kattegat. 
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16 Mar 1945 WW2 Heinrich Himmler, having abandoned his command with Army Group Vistula three days prior, checked himself into a sanatorium at Hohenlychen, Germany so that doctors there could treat his influenza. When Heinz Guderian came to visit him, he would request Guderian to carry his letter of resignation as commanding officer of Army Group Vistula to Adolf Hitler. 
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16 Mar 1945 WW2 US troops in landed on Basilan in the Philippine Islands. 
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16 Mar 1945 WW2 Rudolf Heß noted that 2 million Jews were gassed between Jun 1941 and late 1943. 
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16 Mar 1945 WW2 Anglo-Indian troops assaulted Fort Dufferin in Mandalay, Burma in failure, suffering heavy casualties. 
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16 Mar 1945 WW2 32 B-24 bombers of the US 14th Air Force escorted by 10 P-51 fighters attacked railyards at Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China. 
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16 Mar 1945 WW2 German forces began falling back from the front lines at Kolberg, Germany (now Kolobrzeg, Poland). 
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16 Mar 1945 WW2 Soviet 3rd Ukrainian Front threw two fresh armies against the German attack towards Budapest, Hungary. 
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16 Mar 1945 WW2 Americans declared Iwo Jima, Japan secure, but fighting continued. 
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16 Mar 1945 WW2 Japanese submarine I-14 departed Kobe, Japan. 
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16 Mar 1945 WW2 USS Spot sank a Japanese cargo ship in the East China Sea, hitting her with 1 of 8 torpedoes fired. 
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16 Mar 1945 WW2 German V-2 rocket hit at Albert Road in Leyton, London, England, United Kingdom at 0638 hours, killing 23 and seriously injuring 18. Another rocket hit Willesden near Hampstead, London at 0230 hours, damaging 200 houses. 
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16 Mar 1946 WW2 Du Yuming underwent a surgery in Beiping, China, removing his left kidney. 
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16 Mar 1948 WW2 USS Brill arrived at New London, Connecticut, United States. 
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16 Mar 1952 RELIGIOUS The first religious program on TV, "This Week in Religion," debuted on Dumont television. It was the only ecumenical program of TV's early religious offerings, and ran for two years, last airing in October 1954.
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16 Mar 1970 RELIGIOUS The complete text of the New English Bible was published, simultaneously, by the Oxford and Cambridge Presses. (The New Testament of the NEB had been first published in 1961.)
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