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History on the 19th of March

History
Date Text
19 Mar 1563 RELIGIOUS The Edict of Amboise granted a limited amount of freedom to French Protestants, thereby ending the First Huguenot War.
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19 Mar 1641 RELIGIOUS A General Court ended which declared the Colony of Rhode Island a democracy. The Court also adopted a constitution granting religious freedom to all its citizens.
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19 Mar 1912 WW2 Adolf Galland was born. 
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19 Mar 1912 WW2 Marina Stirbey was born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary. 
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19 Mar 1917 WW1 Begin of Seizure of Falluja
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19 Mar 1918 WW2 Douglas MacArthur led US Secretary of War Newton Baker on a tour near the front lines. 
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19 Mar 1918 WW2 The French cruiser Amiral Aube arrived at Murmansk, Russia to join Admiral Kemp's Squadron. 
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19 Mar 1918 WW2 Admiral William S. Sims, commander of the US Naval forces in European waters, asked Washington to provide a warship to join the British and French naval force assembling at Murmansk, Russia. After consultation with the State Department, Admiral Benson, the Chief of Naval Operations, signaled back that no American ship could be spared to operate in north Russian water. Sims however continued to press for a reversal of the decision and after a few days Benson relented and ordered the cruiser USS Olympia to proceed to Murmansk. 
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19 Mar 1931 WW2 USS Arizona embarked US President Herbert Hoover and departed Hampton Roads, Virginia, United States for a trip to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. 
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19 Mar 1931 WW2 The keel of Algérie was laid down at Brest, France. 
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19 Mar 1937 WW2 The second prototype of the Mitsubishi Ki-15 aircraft took flight. 
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19 Mar 1937 RELIGIOUS Pius XI declared in the encyclical "Divini redemptoris": 'There would be neither Socialism nor Communism today if the rulers of the nations had not scorned the teachings and material warnings of the Church.'
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19 Mar 1939 WW2 Fleet Exercise No. 5 in the Caribbean Sea, participated by US Navy and US Marine Corps personnel, drew to a close. 
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19 Mar 1939 WW2 British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Lord Halifax explained to the Soviet ambassador in the United Kingdom that the reason for the rejection for Joseph Stalin's call for a multi-power conference to contain Germany was due to the lack of available personnel to embark on these negotiations. 
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19 Mar 1940 WW2 In retaliation for the Scapa Flow raid, the RAF attacked the German seaplane base on Sylt Island, but with little effect. Meanwhile, British Whitley bombers of 10 Squadron No. 4 Group RAF Bomber Command dropped 1,500 pounds of bombs over the Hornum seaplane base in Germany also as part of the retaliatory bombing. 
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19 Mar 1940 WW2 German submarine U-19 sank Danish steamer Minsk in the Moray Firth, Scotland at 0935 hours, killing 11. Destroyer HMS Esk rescued 9 survivors. At 1037 hours, U-19 struck again, sinking Danish steamer Charkow, killing the entire crew of 20. 
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19 Mar 1940 WW2 Members of the British House of Commons debated Britain's lack of action during the Winter War and criticized Prime Minister Chamberlain. Chamberlain noted that Finland never officially requested British military aid. 
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19 Mar 1940 WW2 The French Parliament criticized Prime Minister Daladier for the French inaction during the Winter War. Daladier resigned after a vote of no confidence. 
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19 Mar 1940 WW2 British destroyer HMS Jervis collided with Swedish steamer Tor northeast of Blyth, England at 0300 hours, killing 2 aboard Jervis. She would be under repair until Jul 1940. 
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19 Mar 1940 WW2 Yosuke Matsuoka departed Berlin, Germany. 
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19 Mar 1941 WW2 The French government-in-exile in Britain established a central bank. 
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19 Mar 1941 WW2 Mass-produced vegetable casseroles went on sale in Britain for 8 pence per pound. 
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19 Mar 1941 WW2 Erwin Rommel met with Adolf Hitler, Generalfeldmarschall Walther von Brauchitsch, and Chief of Staff General Franz Halder. Rommel was told to expect no reinforcements in Libya until May, when the German 15th Panzer Division would be assigned to him. 
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19 Mar 1941 WW2 Adolf Hitler gave Prince Paul of Yugoslavia an ultimatum, asking him to join the Tripartite Pact within five days, or face invasion. 
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19 Mar 1941 WW2 German submarine U-105 sank Dutch ship Mandalika of Allied convoy SL-68 350 miles west of Nouakchott, Mauritania, French West Africa. 3 were killed and 62 survivors were rescued by British corvette HMS Marguerite. 
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19 Mar 1941 WW2 Scharnhorst and Gneisenau began their return voyage to Brest, France. 
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19 Mar 1941 WW2 370 German Luftwaffe aircraft bombed London, England, United Kingdom, killing 750. Several freighters and auxiliary anti-aircraft ship Helvellyn were sunk or damaged in London docks. 
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19 Mar 1942 WW2 Operations Munich and Bamberg were launched against Soviet partisans, though tactical successes turned out to be counter-productive, encouraging more civilians to join the partisans. 
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19 Mar 1942 WW2 Lieutenant General William Slim was ordered to lead the Burma Corps. 
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19 Mar 1942 WW2 British censorship on caricatures, obituaries, and football scores led to widespread complaint; Home Secretary Morrison threatened Daily Mirror with shut down order unless the newspaper obeyed the censorship laws. 
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19 Mar 1942 WW2 German submarine U-124 sank US tanker Papoose 25 miles south of Cape Fear, North Carolina, United States at 0431 hours; 2 were killed, 32 survived. To the northwest, German submarine U-332 sank US freighter Liberator off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina at 0419 hours; 5 were killed, 30 survived. At 0538 hours, U-124 attacked again off Cape Fear, sinking US tanker W. E. Hutton; 13 were killed, 12 survived. 
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19 Mar 1942 WW2 The advance echelon of US Marine Aircraft Group 13 arrived at the newly-completed airfield at Tutuila, American Samoa. 
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19 Mar 1942 WW2 Japanese troops captured Pyu, Burma. 
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19 Mar 1942 WW2 Japanese bombers attacked Port Moresby, Australian Papua. 
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19 Mar 1942 WW2 At Bataan Peninsula at Luzon, Philippine Islands, US and Filipino troops were put on quarter rations (1000 calories) as the food supplies dwindled. The supply of quinine, a medicine for malaria, had also depleted. 
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19 Mar 1942 WW2 German Armeegruppe Nord cut off General Vlasov's Soviet 2nd Shock Army in a salient on the Volkhov River near Novgorod 50 miles southeast of Leningrad, Russia. 
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19 Mar 1943 WW2 German Colonel Rudolf von Gersdorff's attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler by suicide bombing was canceled at the last moment when Hitler decided to leave early from a show of captured weapons. 
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19 Mar 1943 WW2 The new radiolocation system ASV III was used over the Bay of Biscay off France by bombers of No. 172 Squadron RAF. 
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19 Mar 1943 WW2 The British launched Operation Pugilist in Tunisia against the Axis Mareth Line, penetrating the line near Zarat. 
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19 Mar 1943 WW2 The China Air Task Force was incorporated into the USAAF 14th Air Force. 
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19 Mar 1943 WW2 The largest air drop in support of Operation Longcloth in Burma was conducted, delivering 100 tons of supplies to the Chindits. 
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19 Mar 1943 WW2 Captain Lester Hudson was named the commanding officer of USS San Diego. 
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19 Mar 1943 WW2 Shokaku departed Yokosuka, Japan for Kure, Japan. 
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19 Mar 1943 WW2 Light carrier Ryuho departed Yokosuka, Japan for the Oita, Japan region of the Inland Sea. 
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19 Mar 1943 WW2 USS Whale spotted a Japanese convoy consisted of two large freighters and one armed escort off Saipan, Mariana Islands and began tracking the convoy. 
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19 Mar 1943 WW2 USS Wahoo sank freighter Zogen Maru in the Yellow Sea, hitting her with a torpedo; all aboard were killed. Four hours later, she damaged freighter Kowa Maru, hitting her with 2 of 4 torpedoes (only one of them detonated; the other failed to do so). 
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19 Mar 1943 WW2 The Japanese passenger ship, Takachihi Maru, was torpedoed and sunk off Taiwan. More than 1,200 perish, mainly Japanese and Taiwanese civilians (Taiwan was a Japanese colony at the time). It remained Taiwan's worst sea disaster. 
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19 Mar 1943 WW2 Henry Arnold was promoted to the rank of general. 
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19 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Cassin Young arrived at Pearl Harbor. 
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19 Mar 1944 WW2 German troops occupied Hungary. Adolf Eichmann arrived in Hungary to begin mass deportation of the 750,000 Hungarian Jews who, thus far, had been largely unmolested. 
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19 Mar 1944 WW2 Former Vichy French Interior Minister Pierre Pucheu was killed in Algiers in North Africa. 
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19 Mar 1944 WW2 Soviet troops captured Mogilev-Podolski and Vinnitsa, Ukraine. 
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19 Mar 1944 WW2 Lieutenant General Edson Burns took command of the Canadian First Corps. 
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19 Mar 1944 WW2 Edmund Veesenmayer was assigned to the German embassy in Budapest, Hungary with plenipotentiary powers. 
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19 Mar 1944 WW2 Louis Mountbatten recovered from his temporary blindness at Ledo, India, as pronounced by US Army eye specialist Captain Scheie. On the same day, he issued a reprimand against Orde Wingate for sending complaints of his fellow officers through clear text so that it could be read by all cipher and signals staff. 
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19 Mar 1944 WW2 Chinese 66th Regiment captured Jambu Bum ridge in northern Burma, about 140 kilometers northwest of Myitkyina. 
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19 Mar 1944 WW2 US Marines landed on Emirau, Bismarck Islands; the landings were not opposed. 
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19 Mar 1944 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Officers and men of Air Group 100 arrived on board. 
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19 Mar 1944 WW2 Allies launched Operation Strangle, which was consisted of air interdiction attacks on the rail yards at Sienna, Italy. 
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19 Mar 1944 WW2 British and New Zealand troops attacked German positions in the Cassino, Italy area, making very little progress in the face of German 1st Parachute Division. 
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19 Mar 1944 WW2 Italian motor torpedo boats attacked the Allied beachhead at Anzio, Italy before dawn, engaging in brief combat. 
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19 Mar 1944 WW2 Vasily Chuikov was made a Hero of the Soviet Union for the first time and was awarded the Order of Lenin for the second time. 
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19 Mar 1944 RELIGIOUS German Lutheran pastor and Nazi martyr Dietrich Bonhoeffer wrote in a letter: 'We can have abundant life, even though many wishes remain unfulfilled.'
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19 Mar 1945 WW2 US Seventh Army captured Worms, Germany. 
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19 Mar 1945 WW2 Hitler issued the Nero Decree, which was a scorched Earth policy to prevent any industry, utility, or transportation from being used by the advancing Allied and Soviet armies. Albert Speer, the Armaments Minister, recognized the need for this infrastructure after the war and undermined efforts to carry out the decree. 
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19 Mar 1945 WW2 General of Panzer Troops Walther Nehring replaced Gotthard Heinrici as the commander of the German 1.Panzerarmee. 
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19 Mar 1945 WW2 Adolf Hitler ordered Gotthard Heinrici to replace Heinrich Himmler as the commander of Group Vistula as suggested by Heinz Guderian. 
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19 Mar 1945 WW2 France signed an economic pact with the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg. 
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19 Mar 1945 WW2 USS Sea Robin departed Subic Bay, Philippine Islands, continuing her second war patrol. 
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19 Mar 1945 WW2 Anglo-Indian troops attempted to cross the moat of Fort Dufferin in Mandalay, Burma in failure, suffering heavy casualties. A commando raid was put together to penetrate the fortress, but it would not be carried out due to the unexpected Japanese surrender on the next day. 
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19 Mar 1945 WW2 Soviet troops captured the heights over Zoppot, Germany (formerly of Danzig; now Sopot, Poland) near the city of Danzig. 
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19 Mar 1945 WW2 Dwight Eisenhower, Walter Bedell Smith, and Kay Summersby arrived at Cannes, France to take a short break from the war. He spent much of the next three days sleeping and simply doing nothing. 
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19 Mar 1945 WW2 George Patton received permission from his superiors to take the US 3rd Army across the Rhine River. 
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19 Mar 1945 WW2 USS S-35 was decommissioned from service at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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19 Mar 1945 WW2 USS Parche departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for her fifth war patrol. 
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19 Mar 1945 WW2 In Japan, aircraft of US Navy TF 58 attacked targets on Kyushu and Honshu (Kure, Osaka, and Kobe), destroying submarine I-205 (still under construction) and damaging many warships. 
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19 Mar 1945 WW2 Light carrier Ryuho was damaged by three bombs and two rockets delivered by US aircraft at Kure, Japan between 0720 and 0905 hours. 20 were killed and 30 were wounded. Her flight deck and boiler room were damaged, and a gash on the port side caused her to settle in six feet of water on the aft side. 
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19 Mar 1945 WW2 Light carrier Hosho was attacked by 7 US aircraft off Kure, Japan at 0532 hours, receiving three hits, which caused minor damage and killed six. 
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19 Mar 1945 WW2 USS Franklin was struck by a 250-kilogram bomb by a Japanese D4Y3 or D3A aircraft, which broke through the fir planks and detonated in the hangar deck; the 22 aircraft in the hangar deck, which were in the process of arming and refueling, burst in blames. A second bomb, ignition of gasoline vapors, or ignition of ammunition destroyed a further 31 aircraft. Damage control teams were able to save the ship. 724 were killed and 265 were wounded. 
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19 Mar 1945 WW2 USS Kete was ordered to depart Ryukyu Islands area for refueling at Midway, then to sail on to Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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19 Mar 1945 WW2 USS Bluefish damaged a Japanese boat south of Japan with her deck gun. 
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19 Mar 1945 WW2 USS Iowa departed San Francisco, California, United States. 
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19 Mar 1946 WW2 Captain Frank Robinson Walker was named the commanding officer of USS Astoria. 
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19 Mar 1946 WW2 The Soviet Council of Commissars was renamed the Council of Ministers. Joseph Stalin remained as the chairman of the council. 
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19 Mar 1946 WW2 Lavrentiy Beria was named one of the deputies of the newly renamed Soviet Council of Ministers. 
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19 Mar 1946 WW2 Sergei Kruglov was named the Minister of Internal Affairs (MVD) in the Soviet Council of Ministers. 
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19 Mar 1946 WW2 Vsevolod Merkulov was named the Minister of State Security (MGB) in the Soviet Council of Ministers. 
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19 Mar 1946 WW2 USS Puffer arrived at San Francisco, California, United States. 
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19 Mar 1947 WW2 George Patton's remains were moved to a different grave site within the Luxembourg American Cemetery and Memorial in Hamm, Luxembourg. 
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19 Mar 1948 WW2 Queen Elizabeth was decommissioned from service. 
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19 Mar 1948 WW2 HMS Valiant was sold for scrap while at Devonport, Devon, England, United Kingdom. 
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19 Mar 1949 WW2 James Somerville passed away. 
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19 Mar 1987 RELIGIOUS Jim Bakker, 48, stepped down as head of the PTL ministry amid disclosures of a 1980 sexual liaison with church secretary Jessica Hahn.
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