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History on the 21st of March

History
Date Text
21 Mar 1098 RELIGIOUS The monastery in Citeaux, France was founded by St. Robert, a Benedictine monk and abbot of Molesme. It marked the beginning of the Roman Catholic Cistercian religious order.
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21 Mar 1146 RELIGIOUS King Louis VII of France took up the cause of the Second Crusade, in response to Bernard of Clairvaux's preaching, and became leader of the ill-fated mission.
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21 Mar 1747 RELIGIOUS [N.S.] On a slave ship bound for England, during a violent storm at sea, English sea captain John Newton, 22, was dramatically converted to a living faith. It was more than a "foxhole religion," as Newton soon abandoned the sea, and from 1764 until his death (43 years later), he devoted his life as a lergyman in the Anglican Church.
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21 Mar 1900 RELIGIOUS In Chicago, following the death of its founder Dwight L. Moody, the Bible Institute for Home and Foreign Missions changed its name to Moody Bible Institute. The school has since become the model after which other learning institutions have patterned their curriculum.
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21 Mar 1917 WW2 British No. 100 Squadron RFC, the first RFC squadron specifically trained for night operations, moved from Hingham, Norfolk, England, United Kingdom (where it was formed) to Saint-André-aux-Bois in France. The unit's first aircraft were twelve F.E.2Bs. 
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21 Mar 1918 WW2 The Germans opened their last great offensive on the western front, the Ludendorff offensive. 
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21 Mar 1918 WW2 The British War Cabinet continued to press for American support to the idea of asking the Japanese to intervene in Siberia (to protect the war stores at Vladivostok, Russia). Colonel House, the US President's special adviser admitted that while he was impressed by the British argument he was not at all impressed by the attitude of the Japanese themselves. President Wilson refused to even discuss the subject of intervention. 
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21 Mar 1918 WW2 Robert Greim achieved his 9th kill over France. 
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21 Mar 1924 WW2 La Motte-Picquet was launched at Lorient, France. 
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21 Mar 1929 WW2 Crown Prince Olav of Norway married his first and second cousin Princess Märtha of Sweden at Oslo Cathedral in Norway. 
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21 Mar 1933 WW2 Battle of the Great Wall: Japanese troops captured Yiyuankou Pass of the Great Wall. 
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21 Mar 1933 WW2 Germany established a special court to handle crimes committed against the country. It was presided by three Nazi Party-affiliated judges and had no jury. 
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21 Mar 1933 WW2 The opening ceremonies of the German Reichstag were held at the Garrison Church in Potsdam, Germany. 
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21 Mar 1933 WW2 Franklin Roosevelt submitted his plan to establish the Civilian Conservation Corps to the United States Congress; it was initially opposed by organized labor leaders and even some members of the Democratic Party for the plan's militaristic organization, fascist appearance, and low wages (US$1 per day of work), but it would nevertheless be passed into law within ten days. 
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21 Mar 1934 WW2 In Germany an emergency decree made it an offence to spread malicious gossip, spread defeatist of demoralizing comments, make defamatory remarks about political figures or the Nazi Party, or utter remarks likely to cause "foreign policy difficulties". 
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21 Mar 1934 WW2 The Nazi German regime reintroduced Sondergerichte Courts, special courts without the usual safeguards in legal procedure, to deal with political cases. 
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21 Mar 1937 WW2 The Papacy's encyclical (Mit Brenneder Sorge) was commanded to be read out in all Catholic churches. Much of it expressed concern over breaches in the Concorat agreement on education and religious freedoms in Germany. The letter also called for a cessation of anti-Christian propaganda and rejected the Nazi position regarding Political mastery over the Catholic Church. 
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21 Mar 1938 WW2 The female prisoners at Moringen Concentration Camps were transferred to the Lichtenburg Concentration Camp, which was a camp exclusively for women prisoners. 
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21 Mar 1938 WW2 The Chinese 31st Division arrived at Jiangsu Province in response of a Japanese attack. 
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21 Mar 1939 WW2 Édouard Daladier resigned as the French Prime Minister. 
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21 Mar 1939 WW2 German heavy cruiser Deutschland set sail for Memel, Lithuania. Meanwhile, Germany demanded Lithuania to sent representatives to the warship on the following day to sign Memel over to Germany. 
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21 Mar 1939 WW2 Dong Zhao was relieved of his position and the commander of the 28th Division so he could focus on his corps-level command. 
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21 Mar 1939 WW2 Japanese 6th Division crossed the Xuishui River west of Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China and marched toward Wuning. 
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21 Mar 1939 WW2 French President Albert Lebrun visited London, England, United Kingdom. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain attempted to persuade Lebrun to enter into a British-French-Polish alliance to contain Germany; a similar proposal was also sent to the Polish leadership via the British ambassador in Warsaw, Poland, but the Polish responded coolly. On the same day, in Berlin, Germany, German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop expressed that if Poland continued to not agree with German demands for Danzig and if Poland continued to resist signing the Anti-Comintern Pact, then the present German-Polish friendship would deteriorate. 
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21 Mar 1940 WW2 Paul Reynaud was named the Prime Minister of France. 
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21 Mar 1940 WW2 German submarine U-38 sank neutral Danish merchant ship Algier 15 miles north of the Shetland Islands, Scotland, United Kingdom at 0100 hours, killing 5; British trawler Manx King rescued 18 survivors At 0326, U-38 torpedoed another Danish ship, Christiansborg, killing 1; HMS Discovery II rescued 24 survivors from the damaged Danish ship. 
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21 Mar 1940 WW2 British and Turkish delegations met in Syria. 
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21 Mar 1940 WW2 Chinese troops captured Japanese-occupied Wuyuan, Suiyuan Province, China. 
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21 Mar 1940 WW2 Semyon Timoshenko was made a Hero of the Soviet Union for the first time and the Order of Lenin for the second time. 
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21 Mar 1940 WW2 Tatsuta Maru arrived at San Francisco, California, United States. 
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21 Mar 1941 WW2 Yugoslavians protested Prince Paul's pact with Hitler. Many ministers resigned in protest. 
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21 Mar 1941 WW2 After laying siege to the Italian garrison at Giarabub in southeastern Libya for the past three months, Australian forces finally gathered enough strength to begin a large scale assault. 
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21 Mar 1941 WW2 German battlecruisers Scharnhorst and Gneisenau were detected by aircraft of the British Coastal Command. They were met by friendly aircraft at 1900 hours, escorting them as they headed for Brest, France. 
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21 Mar 1941 WW2 German submarine U-105 attacked Allied convoy SL-68 500 miles west of Cap blanc, French West Africa at 0046 hours, sinking British ships Clan Ogilvy (61 killed, 24 survived) and Benwyvis (34 killed, 21 survived). At 2200 hours, U-105 attacked the same convoy again, sinking British ship Jhelum (8 killed, 49 survivors). 
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21 Mar 1941 WW2 German aircraft attacked Allied convoy AS-21 en route between Piraeus, Greece and Alexandria, Egypt, sinking Greek ship Embiricos Nicolaos (2 killed) and damaging Norwegian tanker Solheim (1 killed). 
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21 Mar 1941 WW2 Nigerian Brigade of British 11th African Division attacked Italian defenses at Marda Pass east of Hadew in eastern Abyssinia at 1200 hours. Italian defenses held off the attacks for hours before falling back after sundown. 
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21 Mar 1941 WW2 German aircraft attacked British shipping off various ports in England, United Kingdom; minesweeping trawler HMT Asama was sunk near Plymouth, ship Millisle was sunk off Bristol (10 killed), and ship London II was sunk off Swansea (4 killed). 
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21 Mar 1941 WW2 Tatsuta Maru departed San Francisco, California, United States; among the passengers was German Army General Werner Thiel. 
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21 Mar 1941 WW2 George Murray was named the commanding officer of USS Enterprise. 
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21 Mar 1942 WW2 US Army General MacArthur arrived at Kooringa, Australia by train and discovered there would be no army waiting for him to reinforce the Philippine Islands. 
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21 Mar 1942 WW2 The United Kingdom discussed plans for Indian independence after the war. 
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21 Mar 1942 WW2 Adolf Hitler placed Fritz Sauckel in charge of mobilizing forced laborers from occupied territories. 
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21 Mar 1942 WW2 Germany introduced harsh laws against unnecessary rail travel. 
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21 Mar 1942 WW2 German submarine U-124 heavily damaged US tanker Esso Nashville 20 kilometers southeast of Wilmington, North Carolina, United States at 0608 hours. At 1005 hours, U-124 struck again, damaging US tanker Atlantic Sun. 
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21 Mar 1942 WW2 Submarine Mingo was laid down. 
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21 Mar 1942 WW2 The US Marine Corps established the 3rd Marine Brigade at New River, North Carolina, United States; the unit was slated for the defense of Western Samoa. 
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21 Mar 1942 WW2 British aircraft carriers HMS Argus and HMS Eagle departed Gibraltar, escorted by battleship HMS Malaya, cruiser HMS Hermione, and 9 destroyers, with Spitfire fighters for Malta. Italian submarines Mocenigo and Dandolo attempted to attack the force in failure. 
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21 Mar 1942 WW2 Four US Kittyhawk fighters arrived over Port Moresby, Australian Papua as reinforcement at 1400 hours, but nervous anti-aircraft gunners fired on them, damaging all four. Later in the day, a lone Japanese bomber attacked Port Moresby, and one of the newly arrived Kittyhawks was able to scramble and shoot down the attacker. Later in the day, 14 additional Kittyhawk fighters arrived. 
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21 Mar 1942 WW2 151 Japanese bombers attacked the British airfield at Magwe in northern Burma, the operating base of the Chinese Air Force 1st American Volunteer Group "Flying Tigers"; 15 Sino-American aircraft were destroyed at the cost of 2 Japanese aircraft. Meanwhile, at Oktwin, forward elements of Japanese 55th Division engaged Chinese troops. 
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21 Mar 1942 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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21 Mar 1942 WW2 Allied convoy PQ-13, consisted of 19 merchant ships, set sail from Reykjavík, Iceland, with 1 destroyer and 5 trawlers in escort. 
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21 Mar 1942 WW2 Tatsuta Maru departed Yokosuka, Japan. 
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21 Mar 1942 WW2 Italian submarines Onice and Platino spotted British convoy MW10, which had departed from Alexandria, Egypt, off the Libyan coast. A force consisted of battleship Littorio, 3 cruisers, and 10 destroyers departed from Taranto on mainland Italy and Messina on the island of Sicily to intercept; British submarine P36 spotted this Italian response. 
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21 Mar 1942 WW2 Jews from the Lublin ghetto in occupied Poland were deported to Belzec, Majdanek, and other concentration camps. 
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21 Mar 1942 WW2 General Walther von Seydlitz-Kurzbach led a German assault out of the Demyansk, Russia to the northwest. 
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21 Mar 1942 WW2 At Fort Benning in Georgia, United States, 276 men of the US 501st Parachute Battalion received their "wings". 
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21 Mar 1942 WW2 USS Marlin departed New London, Connecticut, United States. 
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21 Mar 1943 WW2 The submarine Cod was launched, sponsored by Mrs. G. M. Mahoney. 
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21 Mar 1943 WW2 After 4 months of public silence, Hitler made a Hero's Day speech. 
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21 Mar 1943 WW2 Cornelia Fort was killed during an aircraft ferrying mission in Texas, United States. 
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21 Mar 1943 WW2 New Zealand troops under Lieutenant General Bernard Freyberg bypassed the Mareth Line defenses in Tunisia by moving his forces through Wilder's Gap to the west. They engaged surprised German defenses at the Tebaga Gap. 
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21 Mar 1943 WW2 Lieutenant Colonel Derek Seagram won a posthumous Victoria Cross for leading an attack on the Mareth Line in Tunisia. He inspired his men by being first across the scaling ladders over the German anti-tank ditches but was mortally wounded in the fighting. 
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21 Mar 1943 WW2 USS Pollack continued to chase the Japanese freighter she had attacked between Jaluit and Makin Atolls in the Gilbert Islands and Marshall Islands area, further damaging the ship. 
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21 Mar 1943 WW2 USS Finback damaged a Japanese cargo ship in the Southwestern Pacific, hitting her with two of three torpedoes fired. 
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21 Mar 1943 WW2 PBY Catalina aircraft delivered a group of US Marine Corps scouts at Segi Plantation, New Georgia for a reconnaissance mission; they would later report that Segi's beaches would not accommodate a large landing force. 
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21 Mar 1943 WW2 Repair ship Akashi completed the repair work for destroyers Isokaze and Kawakaze at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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21 Mar 1943 WW2 Adolf Hitler, Hermann Göring, Heinrich Himmler, and Wilhelm Keitel attended a ceremony for a Heroes Memorial Ceremony in Berlin, Germany. An anti-Hitler conspirator wore an overcoat with explosives hidden inside, aiming to conduct a suicide mission to assassinate Hitler and perhaps take out some of his top command. A unexpected early departure, however, led to the abandonment of this mission. 
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21 Mar 1943 WW2 USS Wahoo sank freighter Hozen Maru in the Yellow Sea near the coast of Korea, hitting her with 1 of 3 torpedoes; about 33 survived. Four hours later, she sank freighter Nittsu Maru, hitting her with 2 of 3 torpedoes; she encountered 3 survivors, all of whom refused to be rescued. 
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21 Mar 1943 WW2 The BI-3 rocket-powered prototype aircraft took its third flight at Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg), Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia. 
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21 Mar 1943 WW2 No. 617 Squadron RAF was established at RAF Scampton, England, United Kingdom under the command of Wing Commander Guy Gibson for the purpose of launching an attack upon the Ruhr dams in Germany. 
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21 Mar 1944 WW2 British Chindit forces attacked Indaw, Burma. Meanwhile, Orde Wingate began moving his headquarters from Imphal to Sylhet in India, thus causing some confusion in the Indaw offensive. 
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21 Mar 1944 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Officers and men of Air Group 100 arrived on board. 
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21 Mar 1944 WW2 A Junkers Ju 88A-14 from 8/KG6 of German Luftwaffe shot down during the night by a Mosquito of No. 488 Squadron RAF crashed on three B-26 Marauder bombers of the US 323rd Bombardment Group (Medium) at RAF Earls Colne at Earls Colne, Essex, England, United Kingdom. 
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21 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Wasp arrived at San Diego, California, United States. 
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21 Mar 1945 WW2 Soviet forces captured Braunsberg near Königsberg in East Prussia, Germany. 
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21 Mar 1945 WW2 US First Army advanced toward Siegburg, Germany. 
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21 Mar 1945 WW2 The Japanese made the first operational sortie with the Yokosuka Ohka (Cherry Blossom) suicide aircraft. The sixteen Mitsubishi G4M2e bombers of 321st Squadron launched aircraft were intercepted short of their target and were forced to jettison their piloted weapons. 
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21 Mar 1945 WW2 USS Baya fired three torpedoes at a Japanese transport in the South China Sea; all torpedoes missed. 
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21 Mar 1945 WW2 USS Preston departed for Ryukyu Islands. 
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21 Mar 1945 WW2 USS Wake Island departed Ulithi, Caroline Islands. 
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21 Mar 1945 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Air Group 53 arrived on board. 
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21 Mar 1945 WW2 Soviet forces captured Székesfehérvár (German: Stuhlweißenburg), Hungary. 
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21 Mar 1945 WW2 Allied convoy JW-65 arrived at the Kola Inlet near Murmansk, Russia. 
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21 Mar 1945 WW2 German V-2 rocket hit the Packard factory in London, England, United Kingdom at 0939 hours, destroying it and damaging 13 factories and 662 houses; it killed 32, seriously injured 100, and lightly injured 460. Another rocket hit Primrose Hill in St Pancras (though officially listed as in Hampstead), London, damaging the reservoir and injuring 14 people. 
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21 Mar 1945 WW2 USS Carbonero departed New London, Connecticut, United States. 
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21 Mar 1947 WW2 Holland was decommissioned from service. 
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21 Mar 1985 RELIGIOUS The Association of International Mission Services was founded in Dallas. A trans-denominational organization, AIMS promotes the work of foreign missions among independent Pentecostal and charismatic churches.
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