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History on the 22nd of March

History
Date Text
22 Mar 1621 RELIGIOUS In colonial Massachusetts, the Plymouth Colony made a treaty with the neighboring Indians which both sides kept for fifty years.
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22 Mar 1819 RELIGIOUS Birth of Joseph P. Webster, American sacred music writer. During his lifetime, Webster composed over 1,000 pieces of music, including the still_popular hymn tune SWEET BY AND BY ("There's a Land That is Fairer Than Day").
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22 Mar 1836 RELIGIOUS Birth of Edgar P. Stites, American Methodist frontier preacher and missionary. Stites is remembered today as author of the hymns "Beulah Land" and "Trusting Jesus."
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22 Mar 1874 RELIGIOUS The first meeting of the newly established Young Men's Hebrew Association was held in New York City. Other early "Y's" were founded in Philadelphia (1875), St. Louis (1880) and San Francisco (1885). (The YMHA became the forerunner of the modern Jewish Community Center.)
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22 Mar 1910 WW2 George Brett was commissioned a second lieutenant of the Philippine Scouts of the US Army. 
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22 Mar 1915 WW2 Erwin Rommel was awarded the Iron Cross Second Class medal for his actions of 29 Jan 1915. He became the first Leutnant in his regiment to win this award. 
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22 Mar 1916 WW2 Werner von Blomberg was promoted to the rank of Major. 
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22 Mar 1918 WW2 The French began negotiations with the Japanese to provide ships to evacuate the Czech Legion from Vladivostok, Russia. The Japanese replied that no ships could be made immediately available, and similar requests to the British and American Governments met with a similar response. For the time being the Czechs would have to employed only in support of Ataman Semenov, the Siberian Cossack leader, or of a Japanese intervention force. 
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22 Mar 1919 WW2 USS Arizona arrived at Trinidad. 
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22 Mar 1924 WW2 General Robert Nivelle, the French Commander-in-Chief (1916-1917) died in France. 
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22 Mar 1926 WW2 Guy Gabaldon was born. 
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22 Mar 1926 WW2 Henry Arnold was officially reprimanded for violating Army General Order No. 20 and was transferred to Fort Riley, Kansas, United States as the commanding officer of 16th Observation Squadron. 
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22 Mar 1930 RELIGIOUS Birthday of Marion Gordon "Pat" Robertson, religious broadcaster, politician and founder in 1963 of the Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN).
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22 Mar 1938 WW2 Japanese troops began to march toward Tai'erzhuang, Jiangsu Province, China, where the Chinese set up an advanced defensive position to guard the major city of Xuzhou to the south. 
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22 Mar 1939 WW2 Lithuanian representatives boarded German heavy cruiser Deutschland to negotiate for Memel as Germany demanded, but they resisted signing away the territory. 
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22 Mar 1939 WW2 Poland requested consultations with United Kingdom and France regarding German demands for Danzig. United Kingdom and France expressed willingness to go further than mere consultation and suggested a formal treaty. 
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22 Mar 1939 WW2 The Republic Aviation Company's AP-4 prototype aircraft was destroyed by an accidental in-flight engine fire; the pilot was able to bail out to safety. 
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22 Mar 1939 WW2 Japanese troops attacked Fengxin County, Jiangxi Province, China. 
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22 Mar 1940 WW2 French Prime Minister Paul Reynaud named his predecessor Édouard Daladier as Minister of War despite their opposite political views. 
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22 Mar 1940 WW2 German submarines sank 7 neutral ships. 
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22 Mar 1940 WW2 Soviet military personnel began to arrive at the Hanko Peninsula in Finland, which had been leased by the Soviet Union as part of the Moscow Peace Treaty that ended the Winter War. 
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22 Mar 1940 WW2 The Royal Navy increased patrols in Norwegian waters. 
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22 Mar 1940 WW2 The British government was warned of the possibility of a German nuclear weapon. 
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22 Mar 1940 WW2 Chinese troops secured major roads leading into Wuyuan, Suiyuan Province, China. A small Japanese force was immediately deployed to counterattack, with more troops being transferred to reinforce the counteroffensive. 
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22 Mar 1940 WW2 American gunboat USS Asheville arrived at Gulangyu island, an international zone, near Xiamen, China. 
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22 Mar 1941 WW2 Britain agreed to allow American ships to deliver emergency flour to Vichy France. 
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22 Mar 1941 WW2 German armed merchant cruiser Kormoran stopped empty British tanker Agnita with shellfire in the Mid-Atlantic about halfway between Brazil and British West Africa. After capturing the crew, the Germans sank Agnita with demolition charges, nine 105mm shells, and one torpedo. 
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22 Mar 1941 WW2 The first production Beaufighter IIF fighter (R2270) with 1,280 hp Merlin XX engines was completed. 
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22 Mar 1941 WW2 Edward Heath, the future British Prime Minister (1970-1974), was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the Royal Regiment of Artillery. 
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22 Mar 1941 WW2 German battlecruisers Scharnhorst and Gneisenau were met by friendly destroyers at 0300 hours as they approached Brest, France. They docked shortly after 0700 hours, ending Operation Berlin. 
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22 Mar 1941 WW2 British and Indian troops continued to hold Fort Dologorodoc in Eritrea, Italian East Africa despite repeated Italian counterattacks and shelling. Elsewhere, in Abyssinia, Italian troops declared Harar an open city. 
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22 Mar 1942 WW2 360 US Army personnel greeted US Army General MacArthur at Melbourne, Australia. 
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22 Mar 1942 WW2 German Abwehr agent Paul Thümmel was arrested by the SS on recent findings that he was actually a British agent; Wilhelm Canaris requested Thümmel's release, claiming that he was actually a double agent working for him. 
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22 Mar 1942 WW2 German submarine U-373 sank British ship Thursobank 300 miles east of Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States at 0509 hours; 33 were killed, 26 survived. U-123 sank US tanker Muskogee in the Atlantic Ocean at 1756 hours; all 34 aboard were killed. 
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22 Mar 1942 WW2 USS Marlin arrived at Casco Bay, Maine, United States and joined Task Group 27.1 for anti-submarine warfare training. 
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22 Mar 1942 WW2 German submarine U-73 was damaged by a British RAF Blenheim bomber 50 miles northwest of Derna, Libya at 1150 hours. U-73 would escape the encounter, but was forced to end her patrol early. 
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22 Mar 1942 WW2 A number of US B-26 Marauder bombers arrived at Archerfield Municipal Airport near Brisbane, Australia; 3 of the Marauder bombers were lost en route from the US Territory of Hawaii. 
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22 Mar 1942 WW2 Nine US Kittyhawk fighters based in Port Moresby, Australian Papua attacked the airfield near Lae on the northern coast of New Guinea. Shortly after, two Hudson bombers conducted a follow-up attack, but all their bombs missed the target. 
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22 Mar 1942 WW2 American and British airmen abandoned the airfield in Magwe in northern Burma. To the southeast, at dawn, troops of the 600th Regiment of the Chinese 200th ambushed troops of the 122nd Regiment of the Japanese 55th Division near Oktwin, Burma. 
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22 Mar 1942 WW2 The first four P-40E fighters for the 1st American Volunteer Group arrived in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. 
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22 Mar 1942 WW2 Tatsuta Maru arrived at Tokuyama, Japan and took on fuel. 
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22 Mar 1942 WW2 Kaga arrived at Sasebo, Japan. 
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22 Mar 1942 WW2 Italian battleship Littorio, 3 cruisers, and 10 destroyers successfully intercepted Allied convoy MW10 in the Gulf of Sirte between Libya and Malta at 1430 hours, but they were fended off by the smaller British escort force of 4 cruisers and 17 destroyers. As the Second Battle of Sirte ended at 1900 hours, 3 British cruisers and 6 destroyers were damaged (39 killed), while the Italian battleship Littorio was also damaged. After the two forces disengaged, Italian destroyers Lanciere and Scirocco were sunk by a storm, killing 201 and 189, respectively. 
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22 Mar 1942 WW2 Japanese aircraft bombed US positions at Bataan and Corregidor, Luzon, Philippine Islands. 
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22 Mar 1942 WW2 Mass exterminations of Jews using Zyklon B gas began at Auschwitz Concentration Camp in Poland. 
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22 Mar 1942 WW2 German troops outside the Demyansk Pocket attacked Soviet 11th Army and 1st Shock Army at Staraya Russa, Russia, supporting the breakout attempt from the pocket launched on the previous day. 
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22 Mar 1942 WW2 Allied convoy QP-9, consisted of 19 merchant ships, departed Murmansk, Russia with cruiser HMS Nigeria, destroyer HMS Offa, and 2 minesweepers in close escort. 
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22 Mar 1943 WW2 Germans recaptured Belgorod, Russia. 
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22 Mar 1943 WW2 Khatyn Massacre: German SS men massacred civilians in the Byelorussian village of Khatyn, killing its entire population of 149, 75 of which children. The village was then burned to the ground. 
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22 Mar 1943 WW2 American troops captured Maknassy, Tunisia. 
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22 Mar 1943 WW2 Lydia Litvyak shot down the German Bf 109G-4 fighter piloted by Leutnant Franz Müller and the Bf 109G-2 fighter piloted by Unteroffizier Karl-Otto Harloff while flying a Yak-1 fighter. She was wounded during this engagement. 
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22 Mar 1943 WW2 Captain William Wellclose Davis was named the commanding officer of HMS Mauritius. 
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22 Mar 1943 WW2 The Japanese Army and Navy staffs in Tokyo, Japan issued a new directive for operations in the Rabaul area, emphasizing the importance of the defense of New Guinea. 
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22 Mar 1943 WW2 Tirpitz departed for Kåfjord/Altafjord, Norway. 
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22 Mar 1943 WW2 USS Whale spotted a Japanese convoy consisted of three freighters off Tanapag Harbor, Saipan, Mariana Islands and began tracking the convoy. 
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22 Mar 1943 WW2 USS Wahoo set sail toward Lushunkou, Liaoning Province, China. 
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22 Mar 1943 WW2 Crematorium 4 began operation at Auschwitz Concentration Camp in Poland. 
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22 Mar 1943 WW2 German 15th Panzer Division neared Zarat, Tunisia, recapturing territory lost at the opening of the British Operation Pugilist. 
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22 Mar 1943 WW2 Two captured German generals spoke of plans for long range missiles in a room in Kensington Park Gardens, London, England, United Kingdom, not realizing that the room had been bugged. 
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22 Mar 1943 WW2 George Kenney was featured on the cover of the Life magazine in the United States. 
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22 Mar 1944 WW2 RAF bombers attacked Frankfurt, Germany, killing 948 and leaving 120,000 homeless. 
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22 Mar 1944 WW2 Chinese and Canadian representatives signed a pact of mutual aid at Ottawa, Canada. 
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22 Mar 1944 WW2 Döme Sztójay formed a new government in Hungary. 
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22 Mar 1944 WW2 Japanese troops crossed the Burmes-Indian border into the Indian state of Manipur and attacked Sangshak from the north. 
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22 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Mingo fired six torpedoes at a Japanese freighter; all missed. 
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22 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Tunny detected a large Japanese convoy near Toagel Mlungui Pass in the Palau Islands. She fired six torpedoes toward 2 transports and observed hits on both. She then fired four torpedoes toward an escorting destroyer, scoring no hits, before diving. She endured a 4-hour counterattack which consisted of 87 depth charges. Later in the day she surfaced and observed debris and an oil slick. 
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22 Mar 1944 WW2 15 American commandos landed in Italy with the mission to sabotage the La Spezia-Genoa railway. 
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22 Mar 1944 WW2 William Slim met with Orde Wingate. 
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22 Mar 1944 WW2 One US Marine Corps PBJ bomber attacked Rabaul, New Britain at 2200 hours. 4 Japanese A6M fighters rose to intercept, shooting down the PBJ bomber. 
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22 Mar 1944 WW2 Egmont Prinz zur Lippe-Weißenfeld died near Saint-Hubert, Belgium where his Bf 110 aircraft crashed in poor weather. 
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22 Mar 1944 WW2 Shokaku arrived at Lingga, Dutch East Indies. 
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22 Mar 1944 WW2 General Alexander ceased the frontal attacks at Cassino, Italy. 
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22 Mar 1944 WW2 Four Italian motor torpedo boats attacked the Allied beachhead at Anzio, Italy before dawn, causing no damage and losing two boats. 
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22 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Alabama departed Majuro Atoll, Marshall Islands. 
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22 Mar 1945 WW2 Takeichi Nishi passed away. 
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22 Mar 1945 WW2 Soviet troops under General Konev crossed Oder River at Oppeln, Poland. 
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22 Mar 1945 WW2 British Corporal Reg Rattey won the Victoria Cross on Bougainville in the Solomon Islands by destroying three pillboxes which were decimating his platoon. 
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22 Mar 1945 WW2 Lieutenant Commander Masato Nakajima became the commanding officer of Submarine I-369. 
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22 Mar 1945 WW2 Soviet troops wiped out all German troops enveloped at Oppeln, Germany (now Opole, Poland). 
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22 Mar 1945 WW2 Richard O'Connor was Mentioned in Despatches. 
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22 Mar 1945 WW2 In Burma, British Royal Engineers Lieutenant Claud Raymond, 21 years old, was sent to cause a diversion ahead of the main force. He did just that, drawing heavy Japanese resistance during which he was badly wounded, first in the shoulder, then by shrapnel, and finally his wrist was shattered. Nevertheless, his mission was a success. He refused medical attention until all his wounded were treated but died from his wounds on the following day. Raymond was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross. 
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22 Mar 1945 WW2 Anglo-Indian troops eliminated all Japanese pockets of resistance in the Myingyan region in Burma. 
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22 Mar 1945 WW2 USS Cassin Young departed Ulithi, Caroline Islands for Okinawa. 
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22 Mar 1945 WW2 USS Missouri arrived at Ulithi, Caroline Islands. 
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22 Mar 1945 WW2 American war correspondent Clarence Beliel, commonly known by the name of Don Bell, was shot down over Xiamen Harbor, China while flying in a PB4Y2 Privateer aircraft. He and other survivors, including pilot Jim Evans, were helped by pirates under the control of Chang Yizhou, who was under the employment of Chinese Army intelligence chief General Dai Li, posing as civilian fishermen. The Americans later recuperated at US Navy's SACO Camp No. 6. 
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22 Mar 1945 WW2 The US 3rd Army crossed the Rhine River west of Mainz and near Oppenheim just before midnight; the Americans had beaten the British in crossing the river. Opposition was negligible and within 24 hours the entire US 5th Division had crossed the river. 
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22 Mar 1945 WW2 Colonel-General Gotthard Heinrici was appointed commander of German Army Group Vistula with orders to hold the Soviets on the Oder and save Berlin, Germany. 
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22 Mar 1945 WW2 Four aircraft from No. 617 Squadron RAF (one carrying a "Grand Slam" bomb) attacked and destroyed the Nienburg Bridge in Germany. 
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22 Mar 1946 WW2 Robert Saundby retired from the RAF on medical grounds. 
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22 Mar 1946 WW2 Allied repatriation ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Kirun (now Keelung), Taiwan and embarked Japanese personnel. She departed later in the same day. 
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22 Mar 1946 WW2 USS Missouri departed the United States with the remains of Turkish Ambassador Mehmet Munir Ertegun. 
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