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History on the 23rd of March

History
Date Text
23 Mar 1540 RELIGIOUS In a show of growing support for Henry VIII, Waltham Abbey in Essex became the last monastery in England to transfer its allegiance from the Catholic Church to the newly_established Church of England.
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23 Mar 1744 RELIGIOUS In London, composer George Frederic Handel's famous oratorio "Messiah" was performed for the first time.
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23 Mar 1877 RELIGIOUS Mormon fanatic John Doyle Lee was executed by a firing squad for masterminding the Mountain Meadows Massacre. In 1857, a wagon train of 127 Arkansas Methodist emigrants, bound for California, were killed by a party of Mormon settlers and Paiute Indians at Mountain Meadows (near Cedar ity), Utah.
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23 Mar 1892 RELIGIOUS Birth of George Arthur Buttrick, English Presbyterian pastor and educator. A teacher at both Union Theological Seminary and Harvard University, Buttrick is best remembered as chief editor of "The Interpreter's Bible" (1952_57).
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23 Mar 1913 WW2 Mexican Opposition politician, Venustiano Carranza, backed by the US President Woodrow Wilson, issued his Plan de Gaudalupe calling for a state of civil war to be declared against the followers of President José Victoriano Huerta. 
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23 Mar 1918 WW2 George Patton, commanding officer of the American Tank School in France, received his first 10 light tanks by train; he personally backed 7 of them from the train. 
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23 Mar 1919 WW2 Benito Mussolini established the Fasci di combattiment (Fighting Fascists) organization in Milan, Italy with 200 members. 
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23 Mar 1923 WW2 USS Iowa (Coast Battleship No. 4) was sunk as a radio-controlled target ship. At the behest of US Secretary of the Navy Denby, the National Anthem was played as she slipped beneath the water in recognition of the role that she had played in the 1898 Spanish-American War. 
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23 Mar 1933 WW2 German Reichstag passed the Law for Removing the Distress of People and Reich ("Enabling Act"), giving dictatorial powers to Hitler. It was to be in effect on 27 Mar 1933. 
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23 Mar 1935 WW2 US President Franklin Roosevelt approved the Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. 
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23 Mar 1936 WW2 Seishiro Itagaki was named the chief of staff of Kenkichi Ueda (Japanese Kwantung Army in northeastern China). 
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23 Mar 1938 WW2 At 0900 hours, Japanese troops wiped out Chinese outposts north of Tai'erzhuang, Jiangsu Province. Meanwhile, the Chinese 27th Division arrived at Tai'erzhuang and bolstered the defense's right flank. 
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23 Mar 1939 WW2 Erwin Rommel returned to his position as the commanding officer of the military academy at Wiener Neustadt in southern Germany. 
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23 Mar 1939 WW2 At dawn, the largest bombardment of the Second Sino-Japanese War was commenced on Chinese positions at Wucheng near the Xiushui River in Jiangxi Province, China where Japanese troops were held down by Chinese defenses since 18 Mar 1939; this bombardment would continue until 26 Mar 1939. Nearby, Japanese troops captured Fengxin County and Anyi County. 
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23 Mar 1939 WW2 The Slovak-Hungarian War, also known as the Little War, began. 
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23 Mar 1939 WW2 Joachim von Ribbentrop and Vojtech Tuka signed the official document in Berlin, Germany that declared Slovakia as an independent nation under German protection. 
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23 Mar 1939 WW2 Hisao Tani was awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure 1st Class. 
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23 Mar 1939 WW2 The Lithuanian representatives aboard German heavy cruiser Deutschland gave in to German demands, signing the city of Klaipeda, Lithuania, known as Memel in German, to Germany in the early hours of the day. In the afternoon, Adolf Hitler visited the newly gained territory. 
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23 Mar 1940 WW2 Dutch fighters accidentally shot down a RAF bomber near Rotterdam. 
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23 Mar 1940 WW2 The British Malaya Force was formed to observe German merchant ships in Dutch East Indies. 
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23 Mar 1940 WW2 British submarine (HMS Truant or HMS Trident) intercepted German merchant ship Edmund Hugo Stinnes IV 6 miles off of the western coast of Denmark at 2330 hours. The German ship sailed closer to shore before being scuttled by its crew. The abandoned ship was later torpedoed and sunk by the submarine. 
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23 Mar 1940 WW2 IRA prisoners at Dartmoor, England staged a riot. 
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23 Mar 1940 WW2 Deportation of Jews in German-occupied Eastern Europe continued despite of Hermann Göring's order for a temporary pause. 
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23 Mar 1941 WW2 Anti-Axis demonstrations were held in Yugoslavia. 
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23 Mar 1941 WW2 Australian troops captured Giarabub in southeastern Libya. The commander of the Italian garrison, Lieutenant Colonel Castagna, was captured and would spent the rest of the war as a prisoner of war in India. 
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23 Mar 1941 WW2 German submarine U-110 fired a spread of three torpedoes at Norwegian ship Siremalm 200 miles southwest of Iceland at 0427 hours. One torpedo hit but failed to explode, while the other two missed. U-110 next attempted to attack with her deck gun, but a crewman had forgotten to remove the water plug from the gun, causing it to explode, wounding three men and causing some damage. 
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23 Mar 1941 WW2 British anti-submarine trawler HMT Visenda sank German submarine U-551 in the North Atlantic, killing the entire crew of 45. 
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23 Mar 1941 WW2 German submarine U-97 sank British tanker Chama 600 miles west of Land's End, England, United Kingdom at 2326 hours, killing the entire crew of 59. 
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23 Mar 1941 WW2 Greek submarine Triton attacked an Italian convoy 20 miles east of Brindisi, Italy. The transport Carnia was damaged; she would be towed to Brindisi where she intended to receive repairs, but she would ultimately be lost. 
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23 Mar 1941 WW2 Erwin Rommel departed Europe for Libya. 
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23 Mar 1941 WW2 South African 2nd Division arrived in the recently recaptured Berbera, British Somaliland by sea. In Abyssinia, Nigerian Brigade of British 11th African Division advanced 36 miles toward Addis Ababa to Babile Pass, where they were paused for several hours by Italian defensive positions. 
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23 Mar 1942 WW2 Troops of Japanese 18th Infantry Division landed at Port Blair, Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean. The garrison of 300 Sikh militia and 23 British officers did not oppose the invasion. 
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23 Mar 1942 WW2 American blimp mis-identified and bombed American submarine USS Gato off San Francisco Bay, California, United States. 
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23 Mar 1942 WW2 Hitler ordered a build up of defenses in coastal areas. 
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23 Mar 1942 WW2 German submarine U-124 sank US tanker Naeco 65 miles southeast of Cape Fear, North Carolina, United States at 1023 hours; 24 were killed, 14 survived. In the afternoon, U-754 sank British tanker British Prudence 50 miles south of Newfoundland at 1531 hours; 3 were killed, 47 survived. In the Souther Atlantic, German armed merchant cruiser Thor stopped Greek freighter Pagasitikos, forced the 33 aboard to abandon ship, and sank the freighter with a torpedo. After sundown, Italian submarine Morosini sank British tanker Peder Bogen with torpedoes and gunfire; all 53 aboard survived. 
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23 Mar 1942 WW2 19 Japanese Type 1 bombers from Rabaul, New Britain attacked Seven Mile airfield near Port Moresby, Australian Papua at 1330 hours (Kittyhawk fighters failed to scramble in time to intercept the bombers), followed by strafing by four Zero fighters at 1420 hours (one shot down by anti-aircraft fire). 
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23 Mar 1942 WW2 Chinese troops held the Japanese attacks in check near Oktwin, Burma, but withdrew toward Taungoo after sundown. 
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23 Mar 1942 WW2 German aircraft sank British transport Clan Campbell and damaged transport Breconshire of Allied convoy MW10. The remaining two transports, Pampas and Talabot, reached Malta by the end of the day. 
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23 Mar 1942 WW2 Intelligence experts at US Navy Station CAST at Corregidor, Philippine Islands tentatively linked the Japanese Navy code name AF to Midway Atoll. 
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23 Mar 1942 WW2 US Secretary of Navy Frank Knox designated the new Marine Corps Training Area at Santa Margarita Ranch in California, United States as Camp Joseph H. Pendleton. 
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23 Mar 1943 WW2 In its heaviest bombing raid to date, the British RAF Bomber Command attacked Dortmund, Germany with 2,000 tons of explosives. 
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23 Mar 1943 WW2 German 10th Panzer Division counterattacked the advancing American troops in the El Guettar region in Tunisia; heavy American anti-tank fire repulsed the German attack. 
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23 Mar 1943 WW2 In a free election in occupied Denmark, the Government Party won 143 seats while the Danish Nazi Party only won 5 seats. 
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23 Mar 1943 WW2 German Luftwaffe aircraft sank HMS Windsor Castle off Algeria. 
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23 Mar 1943 WW2 Soviet troops surrounded the German headquarters at Ternopil, Ukraine. 
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23 Mar 1943 WW2 USS S-31 began patrolling in the Kwajalein area in the Marshall Islands. 
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23 Mar 1943 WW2 Bernard Montgomery released British 1st Armoured Division from reserve to reinforce the New Zealand troops' offensive near Zarat, Tunisia. Indian 4th Division attacked the western end of the Mareth Line in coordination. 
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23 Mar 1943 WW2 Heinrich Himmler's statistician reported to him that, thus far, 633,300 Russian Jews had been "resettled", with the latter word a likely euphemism for "exterminated". 
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23 Mar 1943 WW2 9 US B-17 bombers attacked the Japanese base at Rabaul, New Britain, causing damage to the airfields. One of the bombers dropped large bombs in the Rabalanakaia volcano in an attempt to artificially cause an eruption, but the attempt was successful; the Americans did not realize that the volcano was actually dormant. 
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23 Mar 1943 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru departed Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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23 Mar 1943 WW2 Nachi departed Paramushiro (Paramushir), Kurile Islands. 
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23 Mar 1943 WW2 USS Whale attacked a Japanese convoy off Saipan, Mariana Islands, hitting them with 4 of 6 torpedoes fired, sinking Kenyo Maru and damaging another freighter. A 7th torpedo was fired at the general direction of the convoy as she disengaged to discourage escorts from chasing her, but the torpedo circled back and almost struck USS Whale. 
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23 Mar 1943 WW2 USS Wahoo sank collier Katyosan Maru in the Laotieshan Channel between Liaoning Province and Shandong Province, China, hitting her with 1 of 1 torpedo. 
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23 Mar 1943 WW2 A group of Greek Jews were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp in Poland. 
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23 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Tunny made radar contact with Japanese submarine I-42 off Angaur Island, Palau Islands. At 2324, Tunny lauched four torpedoes at the range of 1,700 meters, hitting and sinking the Japanese submarine. 
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23 Mar 1944 WW2 Orde Wingate's headquarters completed its move to Sylhet, British India. 
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23 Mar 1944 WW2 Japanese troops assaulted an Allied defensive position in the crater of an extinct volcano near Sangshak, India, initially failing to take the position. Shortly after, Allied aircraft dropped supplies to the Indian troops at Sangshak, India, but most of the supplies fell behind Japanese lines. As Indian 152nd Parachute Battalion attacked from the volcano crater to regain the supplies, the Japanese drove them back, causing heavy casualties. 
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23 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Columbia departed Emirau, Bismarck Islands. 
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23 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Gabilan arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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23 Mar 1944 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Part of Air Group 19 on board. 
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23 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Whale made rendezvous with USS Pollack and formed a wolfpack to patrol Torishima of Izu Islands and the Bonin Islands (Ogasawara Islands). 
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23 Mar 1944 WW2 V. T. Shirmanov stepped down as GUKR SMERSH's chief in the 1st Byelorussian Front. 
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23 Mar 1944 WW2 Submarine Trepang was launched at the Mare Island Naval Shipyard in California, United States. 
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23 Mar 1945 WW2 As US Third Army made another Rhine River crossing near Worms, Germany, British Second Army and Canadian First Army launched their assaults across the Rhine River north of the Ruhr River. In Berlin, Adolf Hitler wanted to counterattack at the Allied bridgehead at Oppenheim, but he was told that no reserve forces were available to embark on such an operation. 
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23 Mar 1945 WW2 General de Gaulle granted limited self-government for Indochina, which was to remain a French colony. 
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23 Mar 1945 WW2 Dwight Eisenhower wrapped up his short break at Cannes, France and returned to his capacity as the Allied commander. 
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23 Mar 1945 WW2 USS Tunny began performing lifeguard duties off Okinawa, Japan. 
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23 Mar 1945 WW2 USS Sea Robin rescued a downed American airman in the South China Sea. 
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23 Mar 1945 WW2 Martin Bormann ordered millions of Germans to migrate from western and eastern Germany to the central part of the country; no food and transports were allocated to them, thus such a move would mean certain disaster. 
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23 Mar 1945 WW2 Light carrier Hosho was assigned to the 2nd Fleet. 
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23 Mar 1945 WW2 USS Spot arrived at Saipan, Mariana Islands. 
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23 Mar 1945 WW2 Allied convoy RA-65 departed the Kola Inlet near Murmansk, Russia. 
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23 Mar 1945 WW2 US aircraft dropped 145 tons of bombs on Jitsugetsu Power Plant No. 1 and 63 tons of bombs on Jitsugetsu Power Plant No. 2 in Taichu (now Nantou County), Taiwan. 
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23 Mar 1946 WW2 Mikhail Rodionov became the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian SFSR. 
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23 Mar 1946 WW2 Allied repatriation ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Kagoshima, Japan and disembarked personnel. She departed later on the same day. 
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23 Mar 1946 WW2 USS Sargent Bay arrived at Boston, Massachusetts, United States for inactivation. 
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23 Mar 1946 WW2 Henry Arnold was promoted to the permanent rank of General of the Army. 
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23 Mar 1949 WW2 Israel signed an armistice with Lebanon to de-escalate the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, also known as the Israeli Independence War. 
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23 Mar 1966 RELIGIOUS Archbishop of Canterbury Arthur Michael Ramsey met and exchanged public greetings with Pope Paul VI in Rome. It was the first official meeting between heads of the Anglican and Roman Catholic churches in over 400 years.
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22nd March 24th March
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