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History on the 28th of March

History
Date Text
28 Mar 1661 RELIGIOUS Scottish Parliament passed the Rescissory Act, which repealed the whole of the legislation enacted since 1633. Its effect was to overthrow Presbyterianism and to restore the Anglican episcopacy to Scotland.
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28 Mar 1747 RELIGIOUS Colonial missionary to the American Indians David Brainerd wrote in his journal: 'Oh, how happy it is, to be drawn by desires of a state of perfect holiness.'
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28 Mar 1915 RELIGIOUS Birth of Kurt Aland, New Testament textual scholar. He co-edited the two most definitive modern critical editions of the Greek Scriptures: the United Bible Society's "Greek New Testament" and Eberhard Nestle's "Novum Testamentum Graece."
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28 Mar 1917 WW2 Chuichi Nagumo was attached to the Third Fleet. 
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28 Mar 1918 WW2 Thomas Masaryk's Czech Legion commenced its move from Kiev to Vladivostok in accordance with an agreement made with Moscow earlier in the year that the 30,000-man Czech force (many of whose senior officers were Russians) should be transferred to the Western Front. 
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28 Mar 1918 WW2 Karl von Le Suire was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class. 
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28 Mar 1921 WW2 Herschel Grynszpan was born. 
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28 Mar 1929 WW2 Henry Stimson became the United States Secretary of State. 
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28 Mar 1929 WW2 Captain J. D. Campbell was named the commanding officer of HMS Hermes, replacing Captain G. Hopwood. 
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28 Mar 1929 WW2 Japan withdrew troops from Shandong Province, China, moving them into the Japanese base in nearby Qingdao. 
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28 Mar 1931 WW2 The 2MR8 aircraft took its first flight. 
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28 Mar 1934 WW2 The German Prussian ministry warned of the consequences of allowing children in Rhineland of mix heritage to reproduce; these children were mostly offsprings of German women and African occupation soldiers. In 1937, these children would be among those arrested by the Gestapo and sterilized. 
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28 Mar 1934 WW2 The British Naval Board suggested that HMS Phaeton, currently under construction, should be transferred to Australia to replace the aging cruiser HMAS Brisbane. It was recommended that the ship was to be renamed HMAS Sydney. 
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28 Mar 1935 WW2 Dr. Robert H. Goddard recorded the first successful launch of his gyroscopically stabilized rocket, attaining an altitude of 4,800 ft and a speed of 560 mph. 
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28 Mar 1936 WW2 Kenkichi Ueda was made the Japanese ambassador to the puppet nation of Manchukuo in northeastern China. 
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28 Mar 1936 RELIGIOUS Birth of Bill Gaither, contemporary Gospel songwriter and vocal artist. Together with his wife Gloria, he wrote some of the most popular Christian songs of the 1960s-1970s, including "Because He Lives," "The King is Coming," "The Longer I Serve Him" and "Something Beautiful."
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28 Mar 1938 WW2 Incorporated Jewish congregations in Germany were legally deprived of their corporate status. 
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28 Mar 1938 WW2 Konrad Henlein met with Adolf Hitler and received instructions to demand more than what the Czechoslovakian government could provide. 
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28 Mar 1938 WW2 Before dawn, troops of Chinese 9th Battalion of 186th Regiment launched nearly suicidal charges against Japanese positions at Tai'erzhuang, Jiangsu Province in an attempt to drive Japanese out of the town. The attemps were largely unsuccessful, especially after the arrival of Japanese armor cars and light tanks at 0700 hours. By nightfall, casualties were so great on the Chinese side that all auxiliary units were forced to pick up arms and operated as combat units. 
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28 Mar 1938 WW2 Zheng Xiaoxu passed away in Xinjing, puppet state of Manchukuo (now Changchun, Jilin Province, China). 
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28 Mar 1939 WW2 Polish Foreign Minister Józef Beck met with the German Ambassador in Poland that any further demand on Danzig by Germany might result in war between Poland and Germany. 
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28 Mar 1939 WW2 While the Japanese 101st Division secured Nanchang in Jiangxi Province, China, the 106th Division at Fengxin prepared for an additional offensive whose target was to be Chinese positions further west or the town of Gao'an. 
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28 Mar 1939 WW2 Francisco Franco's Nationalist forces occupied Madrid, Spain and declared victory in the Spanish Civil War. 
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28 Mar 1940 WW2 Although the United Kingdom rejected French suggestion to expand the war by attacking the Soviet Union, the two nations agreed on naval mining. Operation Wilfred (mining Norwegian waters) and Operation Royal Marine (mining the Rhine River) were both planned to commence on 5 Apr 1940; the latter was pending approval of the French War Committee. 
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28 Mar 1940 WW2 Norwegian steamer SS Burgos hit a German mine and sank 30 miles west of Skegness, England. Survivors were rescued by British sloop HMS Pelican. 
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28 Mar 1941 WW2 150 miles off Cape Matapan, Greece at 0635 hours, Italian seaplane spotted a group of four Allied cruisers, and three Italian cruisers moved in to attack, engaging in combat at 0812 hours, to be joined by the big guns of Italian battleships at 1055 hours; after the morning's exchange of shellfire, all four Allied cruisers were damaged by near misses. At 1200 and 1509 hours, Allied torpedo bombers from HMS Formidable attacked, putting battleship Vittorio Veneto out of action for about 90 minutes at the cost of one aircraft. At 1936 hours, HMS Formidable's aircraft returned, joined by land-based aircraft from Crete, Greece, putting cruiser Pola out of action, but failed to catch Vittorio Veneto as she had received temporary repairs and was already en route back to Taranto, Italy. After dark, British battleships HMS Barham, HMS Valiant, and HMS Warspite moved in within 3.5 kilometers of the Italian cruisers undetected, opening fire at 2330 hours on the unsuspecting Italians. 
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28 Mar 1941 WW2 Armored cars of Indian 4th Division and Indian 5th Division pursued Italian troops withdrawing from Keren, Eritrea, Italian East Africa. Italian rear guards fought a series of delay action engagements, slowing Allied advances by taking advantage of the terrain. 
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28 Mar 1941 WW2 Italian torpedo boat Chinotto hit a British mine and sank off Palermo, Sicily, Italy. The mines in the region were laid by British submarine HMS Rorqual on 25 Mar 1941. 
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28 Mar 1941 WW2 British submarine HMS Utmost sank German ship Heraklea and damaged German ship Ruhr off the coast of Tunisia, Italian North Africa. 
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28 Mar 1941 WW2 En route to Brest, France, German cruisers Scharnhorst and Gneisenau were spotted by a British Spitfire fighter pilot. 
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28 Mar 1941 WW2 Japanese Foreign Minister Yosuke Matsuoka again met with German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop in Berlin, Germany. 
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28 Mar 1941 WW2 Before dawn in Berlin, Germany, General Franz Halder completed the German invasion plan for Yugoslavia. 
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28 Mar 1941 WW2 Anti-Axis demonstrations continued in Yugoslavia. 
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28 Mar 1942 WW2 Lübeck suffered the first area saturation bombing as 234 bombers dropped incendiaries, destroying over 200 acres of the city. One British bomber equipped with the new GEE navigation system was lost and the GEE captured by the Germans. 
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28 Mar 1942 WW2 A second Japanese carrier fleet set sail for the Indian Ocean. 
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28 Mar 1942 WW2 German official Fritz Sauckel was named the Chief of Manpower, with responsibility of expediting the recruitment of slave labor. 
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28 Mar 1942 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Guam. 
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28 Mar 1942 WW2 USS Gar ended her first war patrol. 
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28 Mar 1942 WW2 The US Marine Corps 7th Defense Battalion departed for Upolu, Western Samoa while a small Marine detachment was dispatched to Savai'i, Samoa. 
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28 Mar 1942 WW2 A fresh regiment of the Japanese 56th Division attacked Chinese-defended city of Taungoo, Burma. 
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28 Mar 1942 WW2 Repair ship Akashi arrived at Ambon, Dutch East Indies. 
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28 Mar 1942 WW2 In the morning, German submarine U-209 attacked Polish ship Tobruk of Allied convoy PQ-13 with all torpedoes missing the target; the convoy escorts counterattacked with depth charges with similar dismal results. Later in the day, German aircraft attacked the same convoy and sank British ship Empire Ranger and damaged Panamanian merchant ship Raceland (which would eventually sink at 2230 hours). In the evening, German destroyers Z24, Z25, and Z26 departed Kirkenes in far northern Norway to hunt for ships of the PQ-13; 61 of Empire Ranger's survivors were rescued by German destroyer Z24 at 2245 hours, but many other survivors died in the freezing water. 
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28 Mar 1942 WW2 British submarine Proteus sank Italian hospital ship Galilea 20 miles west of Greece; 991 were killed, 284 survived. 
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28 Mar 1942 WW2 RMS Queen Mary arrived at Sydney, Australia and disembarked 8,400 troops. 
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28 Mar 1942 WW2 Tenryu departed Rabaul, New Britain. 
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28 Mar 1942 WW2 Dutch Major General Roelof T. Overakker surrendered his 2,000 troops at Blangkedjeren, marking the end of resistance on Sumatra, Dutch East Indies. 
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28 Mar 1942 WW2 Executing Operation Chariot, British destroyer HMS Campbeltown sailed into the Loire River estuary near Saint-Nazaire, France with commandos on board at 0122 hours. She was detected and fired upon by coastal guns. Despite hits, she rammed into the dry dock at 0134 hours and unloaded commandos and other troops, who wrecked the dry dock, suffering 169 killed and 215 captured; 228 escaped via small vessels, leaving the explosives-laden HMS Campbeltown behind, which detonated at noon, killing 360. 
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28 Mar 1942 WW2 Tatsuta Maru departed Kobe, Japan. 
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28 Mar 1942 WW2 HMS Edinburgh arrived at Scapa Flow, Scotland, United Kingdom. 
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28 Mar 1943 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Kavieng, New Ireland departing later on the same day. 
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28 Mar 1943 WW2 Most Axis troops were evacuated from the Mareth Line in Tunisia to form a new line to the north. 
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28 Mar 1943 WW2 USS Tunny attacked a Japanese cargo ship off Wake Island at dawn with two torpedoes, blowing off the ship's stern. 
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28 Mar 1943 WW2 The US Joint Chiefs of Staff issued a directive canceling the orders issued on 2 Jul 1942. Replacing it, the Offensive Operations in the South and Southwest Pacific Areas During 1943 aimed to establish airfields on Kiriwina and Woodlark Islands, to capture northern coast of New Guinea island, to capture western New Britain, and to capture key locations in the Solomon Islands. 
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28 Mar 1943 WW2 The main body of Chindit forces reached Inywa, Burma at 1600 hours. 
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28 Mar 1943 WW2 US 15th Air Force bombed the oil refinery at Livorno, Italy. 
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28 Mar 1943 WW2 Nachi arrived at Paramushiro (Paramushir), Kurile Islands. 
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28 Mar 1943 WW2 USS Whale attacked a Japanese freighter between Saipan in Mariana Islands and Truk in Caroline Islands; all 3 torpedoes missed. 
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28 Mar 1943 WW2 USS Wahoo sank two small fishing vessels with her deck gun in the East China Sea. 
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28 Mar 1943 WW2 Wing Commander Guy Gibson flew a Lancaster bomber down Derwent reservoir near Sheffield in central England, United Kingdom to try out flying very accurately at low level. 
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28 Mar 1943 WW2 Richard Sutherland once again presented the Elkton II plan for operations in the Pacific to the US Joint Chiefs of Staff in Washington, United States, this time without any mention of plans to invade the Japanese stronghold at Rabaul, New Britain. The JCS finally gave Sutherland permission to proceed with the plan. 
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28 Mar 1944 WW2 Spanish volunteers of the recently disbanded German Army "Blue Legion" began to arrive in Spain; the final transport of these volunteers back to Spain would arrive on 12 Apr 1944. 
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28 Mar 1944 WW2 Red Army units captured Nikolaev as they entered Romania. 
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28 Mar 1944 WW2 German and Romanian forces began the evacuation of Odessa, Ukraine. 
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28 Mar 1944 WW2 About 300 patients from two hospitals and one psychiatric institution in Trieste, Italy were deported to Auschwitz Concentration Camp. 
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28 Mar 1944 WW2 Japanese troops counterattacked Chinese troops near Jambu Bum ridge, Burma. 
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28 Mar 1944 WW2 Repair ship Akashi completed the repair work for transport Bichu Maru at Palau Islands. 
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28 Mar 1944 WW2 418th Night Fighter Squadron (flying P-61 aircraft) of USAAF V Fighter Command was transferred out of Dobodura Airfield, Australian Papua. 
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28 Mar 1944 WW2 The US Twentieth Bomber Command, under the command of General Kenneth B. Wolfe, established its headquarters at Kharagpur, India. 
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28 Mar 1944 WW2 Joseph Rochefort testified before a Pearl Harbor raid investigation board in Washington DC, United States. 
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28 Mar 1945 WW2 USS Tirante sank Japanese freighter Nase Maru. 
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28 Mar 1945 WW2 General Krebs replaced General Guderian as the head of the German OKH. 
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28 Mar 1945 WW2 Soviet 1st Byelorussian Front captured Gotenhafen and Danzig (now Gdynia and Gdansk, respectively), yielding 9,000 prisoners of war. 
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28 Mar 1945 WW2 The US submarine Trigger was depth charged and sunk by Japanese vessels whilst on patrol in the East China Sea. 
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28 Mar 1945 WW2 In Germany, US 1st Army captured Marburg and US 3rd Army captured Limburg am Lahn. Meanwhile, British 2nd Army began an offensive towards the Elbe River. British sappers built another Rhine bridge, "Blackfriars", by noon. Behind the lines, Dwight Eisenhower transferred US 9th Army from Bernard Montgomery's army group to Omar Bradley's army group as Anglo-American objective shifted toward southern Germany and Czechoslovakia. 
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28 Mar 1945 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: All major units of Construction Battalion have departed this station. 
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28 Mar 1945 WW2 USS Boarfish attacked a Japanese patrol vessel in the South China Sea; all 3 torpedoes missed. 
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28 Mar 1946 WW2 Commanding officer Captain Richard Oliver of USS Sargent Bay was relieved by Commander Milton Worley. 
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28 Mar 1946 WW2 Allied repatriation ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Busan, Korea and embarked Japanese personnel. She departed later on the same day. 
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28 Mar 1961 RELIGIOUS English apologist C. S. Lewis wrote in "Letters to American Lady": 'The main purpose of our life is to reach the point at which one's own life as a person is at an end. One must in this sense "die," relinquish one's freedom and independence... "He that loses his life shall find it."'
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