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History on the 29th of March

History
Date Text
29 Mar 1523 RELIGIOUS German reformer Martin Luther wrote in a letter: 'There has never been a great revelation of God's Word unless God has first prepared the way by the rise and the flourishing of languages and learning, as though these were forerunners, a sort of John the Baptist.'
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29 Mar 1638 RELIGIOUS The first Swedish colonists in America established a Lutheran settlement at Fort Christiana in the Colony of Delaware.
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29 Mar 1832 RELIGIOUS The Kentucky Baptist Convention was organized in Frankfort with delegates representing nine congregations within the state.
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29 Mar 1847 RELIGIOUS Birth of Winfield Scott Weeden, American sacred chorister and hymnwriter. During his life he led music and singing schools for the YMCA and Christian Endeavor. Of his several musical compositions, Weeden is best remembered today for the hymn, "I Surrender All."
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29 Mar 1882 RELIGIOUS The Knights of Columbus, founded by Father Michael J. McGivney, was chartered by the General Assembly of Connecticut. Established as a lay fraternal society, the K of C encourages benevolence, patriotism and racial tolerance among its members.
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29 Mar 1912 WW2 Hanna Reitsch was born in Hirschberg, Silesia, Germany. 
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29 Mar 1919 WW2 USS Arizona arrived at Guantánamo Bay Naval Base, Cuba. 
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29 Mar 1921 WW2 Joseph Rochefort married Elma Fay Aery in California, United States. 
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29 Mar 1927 WW2 American-born motor-racer Henry Segrave became the first man to exceed 200mph, breaking the world road speed record, at Daytona Beach, Florida, United States. 
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29 Mar 1929 WW2 In Russia, a new law was passed which restored to factory managers complete authority to direct or punish the workforce without reference to Trade Unions. 
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29 Mar 1929 WW2 Mutsu was assigned to Japanese Navy Battleship Division 3. 
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29 Mar 1930 WW2 The Blackshirt combat legions in Italy were attached to army divisions. 
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29 Mar 1931 WW2 USS Arizona arrived at Hampton Roads, Virginia, United States and disembarked US President Herbert Hoover. She departed for Rockland, Maine, United States later on the same day to perform post-modernization trials. 
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29 Mar 1932 WW2 Xi Qia's forces was defeated by General Li Haiching's Anti-Japanese Army For The Salvation Of the Country at Nong'an, 35 miles from Xinjing, the capital of the Japanese-sponsored puppet state of Manchukuo. 
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29 Mar 1934 WW2 Germany published its defence estimates which were increased by one-third and include an increase of 250% for the Luftwaffe. 
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29 Mar 1935 WW2 The US House of Representatives passed the bill HR 4016 which provided the US Marine Corps the same system of promotion and retirement as that of the US Navy. 
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29 Mar 1936 WW2 The Reichstag elections recorded a record turnout of 98.8%, although the rules had been changed in respect of spoilt papers-in that all ballot papers left blank were counted as a vote for the National Socialists candidate, and only where the voter had specifically written "No" against a candidate's name were they counted as a vote against. 
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29 Mar 1938 WW2 Chiang Kaishek was made the Director-General of the Nationalist Party in China. He would hold this position until his death. 
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29 Mar 1939 WW2 British destroyer HMS Punjabi (F21) was commissioned into service with Commander J. T. Lean in command. 
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29 Mar 1939 WW2 Japanese 6th Division captured Wuning, Jiangxi Province, China. 
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29 Mar 1939 WW2 The besieged Republican garrison in Valencia, Spain surrender to the Nationalists, ending all hostilities in the country. 
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29 Mar 1940 WW2 To prepare for the planned mining of Norwegian waters, the British General Staff prepared Plan R4 to react against a possible German intervention by invading Norway. It called for the 1st Cruiser Squadron to deliver an infantry brigade to Narvik and a battalion to Trondheim and for transports to deliver a battalion to each of Stavanger and Bergen. 
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29 Mar 1940 WW2 British armed merchant cruiser HMS Transylvania intercepted German freighter Mimi Horn between Iceland and Greenland. Mimi Horn's crew of 41 scuttled the ship to prevent enemy capture. The crew were rescued by Transylvania. 
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29 Mar 1940 WW2 Soviet Foreign Minister Molotov declared the Soviet Union neutral in the on-going European War. 
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29 Mar 1941 WW2 Vichy France established an office to deal with Jewish affairs, placing Xavier Vallat at its helm. 
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29 Mar 1941 WW2 British battleships HMS Barham, HMS Valiant, and HMS Warspite continued to shell the Italian fleet off Cape Matapan, Greece. Italian cruiser Fiume, cruiser Zara, destroyer Alfieri, and destroyer Carducci were sunk, while destroyer Oriani was heavily damaged. At 0400 hours, British destroyers HMS Jervis and HMS Nubian approached damaged Italian cruiser Pola, captured her crew, and sank her with torpedoes. British ships rescued 905 Italian sailors but hurriedly departed at daybreak, fearing Luftwaffe attack; the Royal Navy would provide coordinates of remaining survivors to Italian ship Gradisca to continue to rescue. The Battle of Cape Matapan would close with 5 Italian warships lost, killing 2,303 men; the British suffered only 3 killed, the air crew of a single torpedo bomber lost on 28 Mar 1941. 
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29 Mar 1941 WW2 After 3 days of inaction caused by sandstorms, German tanks and armored cars advanced at El Agheila, Libya, engaging British counterparts in the desert between El Agheila and Mersa Brega. Behind Allied lines, Luftwaffe aircraft destroyed an Allied train carrying gasoline. 
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29 Mar 1941 WW2 German submarine U-48 attacked Allied convoy HX-115 120 miles south of Iceland between 0619 and 0806 hours, sinking 3 freighters. Most survivors were picked up by British corvette HMS Dianella. 
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29 Mar 1941 WW2 German submarine U-46 sank Swedish ship Liguria 300 miles southwest of Iceland at 1750 hours; 19 were killed, 10 survived. 
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29 Mar 1941 WW2 South African 1st Brigade relieved the Nigerian Brigade in the Allied assault into Italian-occupied Abyssinia, capturing railway town of Diredawa and its airfield. 
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29 Mar 1941 WW2 Japanese Foreign Minister Yosuke Matsuoka again met with German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop in Berlin, Germany. Ribbentrop offered Matsuoka that, should the Soviet Union attack Japan while Japan embarked on a military campaign against British possessions in Asia, Germany would lend military assistance. Matsuoka countered, noting that the Soviet Union seemed to be friendly toward Japan. 
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29 Mar 1942 WW2 The US 4th Marine Defense Battalion and US Marine Fighter Squadron 212 were diverted from their original destination of Tongatapu, Tonga for Port Vila, Efate, New Hebrides. 
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29 Mar 1942 WW2 Hukbalahaps, an armed Filipino communist resistance group, was formed. 
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29 Mar 1942 WW2 Between 2318 hours on the previous date until about 0300 hours on this date, 234 RAF bombers attacked Lübeck, Germany, killing 320, injuring 784, and destroying 30% of the city. The Lübeck Cathedral, among other buildings, were destroyed in the city's historical center.The new "Gee" navigation systems were used by the British bombers on this attack. 12 bombers were shot down by German anti-aircraft defenses. 
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29 Mar 1942 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru departed Guam. 
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29 Mar 1942 WW2 Commander Oliver Middleton Read was named the commanding officer of USS Helena, relieving Commander Gerald D. Linke. 
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29 Mar 1942 WW2 Destroyer Yukikaze departed Ambon, Dutch East Indies escorted the Japanese invasion force for western New Guinea, Dutch East Indies. 
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29 Mar 1942 WW2 German destroyer Z26 sank Panamanian ship Bateau of Allied convoy PQ-13 in the Barents Sea shortly after 0000 hours; 37 were killed, 6 survived. At 0943 hours, British cruiser HMS Trinidad spotted Z26 along with Z24 and Z25, hitting Z26 with gunfire; at 1024 hours, HMS Trinidad was hit by a torpedo that she fired and circled around, killing 31. At 1032 hours, British destroyer HMS Eclipse continued the attack, hitting Z26 with 6 more shells; at 1120 hours, Z24 and Z25 coordinated an attack on HMS Eclipse, hitting her with two shells, killing 23. Shortly after, Z26 sank from the heavy damage; 240 were killed, 96 survived. 
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29 Mar 1942 WW2 HMS Eagle delivered 7 Spitfire fighters to reinforce Malta. 
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29 Mar 1942 WW2 German submarine U-160 sank US ship City of New York 50 kilometers east of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, United States at 1936 hours; 24 of 157 aboard were lost during the sinking or subsequently aboard lifeboats. Further north at 2058 hours, German submarine U-571 sank British ship Hertford 350 miles east of Nantucket, Massachusetts, United States; 4 were killed, 58 survived. Also on this day, Italian submarine Calvi sank British ship Tredinnick in the Mid-Atlantic, killing all 46 aboard. 
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29 Mar 1942 WW2 In Australia, the B-26 Marauder bombers that had arrived from the US Territory of Hawaii one week prior were moved from Brisbane to Townsville for combat training. 
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29 Mar 1942 WW2 Japanese penetrated the Chinese defenses at Taungoo, Burma and threatened to trap the Chinese 200th Division in the city. General Dai Anlan issued the order to retreat from the city after sundown, falling back northward. During the withdraw, the Chinese failed to destroy the bridge over the Sittang River. To the west, Japanese captured a main road near Shwedaung, disrupting the Allied withdraw; an Anglo-Indian attack from the south failed to break the roadblock. 
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29 Mar 1942 WW2 Naka departed Bantam Bay, Java, Dutch East Indies. 
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29 Mar 1942 WW2 U-576 departed Saint-Nazaire, France, starting her fourth war patrol. 
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29 Mar 1942 WW2 Tatsuta Maru arrived at Yokohama, Japan. 
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29 Mar 1943 WW2 New Zealand troops captured Gabès, Tunisia while Axis troops were evacuated out of El Hamma. 
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29 Mar 1943 WW2 Hitler ordered the construction of large missile launch sites on French coast. 
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29 Mar 1943 WW2 USS S-31 completed her patrol in the Kwajalein area in the Marshall Islands. 
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29 Mar 1943 WW2 Satoru Anabuki, flying Ki-43 fighter "Fubuki", claimed a Hurricane fighter over Mindon, Burma, but the downing was not confirmed. 
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29 Mar 1943 WW2 Repair ship Akashi performed repair work for seaplane tender Kamikawa Maru at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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29 Mar 1943 WW2 USS Wahoo sank freighter Yamabato Maru in the East China Sea, hitting her with 1 of 2 torpedoes. She then transited the Collnett Strait (Tokara Kaiky) between Yakushima island and Kuchinoshima island in southern Japan, eastward into the Pacific Ocean. 
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29 Mar 1943 WW2 Guy Gibson was summoned to Group Headquarters where he was given a more detailed briefing by Ralph Cochrane, including details of the proposed targets of the Möhne and Sorpe Dams in Germany. 
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29 Mar 1944 WW2 Kiichi Hasegawa passed away. 
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29 Mar 1944 WW2 US naval aircraft bombed Japanese ships in the Palau Islands. 
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29 Mar 1944 WW2 Chinese troops captured Shaduzup, Burma. 
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29 Mar 1944 WW2 US Congress approved US$1,350,000,000 to fund the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Agency for assisting refugees in Europe. 
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29 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Tunny observed a large number of small vessels leaving Malakal Island in the Palau Islands in the morning but did not attack. In the afternoon, she observed the arrival of battleship Musashi and other warships; Tunny fired six bow torpedoes at Musashi but failed to hit her. She endured a 38-depth charge counterattack. Later that night, she caught up with the force and damaged Musashi with another torpedo attack. 
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29 Mar 1944 WW2 12 P-40 and 3 P-51 fighters of the US 14th Air Force attacked the railroad station area in Nanchang, Jiangxi, China. 
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29 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Wake Island arrived at Karachi, India. 
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29 Mar 1944 WW2 The US No. 1 Air Commando Group was redesignated as 1st Air Commando Group (nicknamed Cochrane's Flying Circus). 
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29 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Parche departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for her first war patrol. 
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29 Mar 1944 WW2 Japanese troops cut the road between Imphal and Kohima, India. Meanwhile, the Anglo-American Combined Chiefs of Staff retracted a decision made earlier and diverted additional transport aircraft from the Mediterranean Sea theater of war to the Burma-India theater of war. Louis Mountbatten had requested them to help the defense of the Imphal region in India; incidentally, the initial aircraft embarked on transporting the Indian 5th Division to Imphal and Dimapur completed the task on this date after 758 sorties. 
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29 Mar 1944 WW2 Two Italian motor torpedo boats attacked the Allied beachhead at Anzio, Italy before dawn, causing no damage and losing one boat. 
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29 Mar 1944 WW2 Destroyer Yukikaze departed Yokosuka, Japan to escort carrier Zuiho to Guam, Mariana Islands. 
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29 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Alabama shared the credit in the downing of at least one Japanese aircraft which were attempting to attack US carriers. 
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29 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Bluefish attacked a Japanese ship northeast of Borneo, Dutch East Indies; all 5 torpedoes missed. 
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29 Mar 1944 WW2 USS Whale entered East China Sea. 
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29 Mar 1945 WW2 British anti-aircraft gunners shot down a V-1 flying bomb at Suffolk, England, United Kingdom. 
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29 Mar 1945 WW2 Soviet troops entered former Czechoslovakian province of Ruthenia. 
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29 Mar 1945 WW2 Soviet 1st Byelorussian Front captured Fortress Küstrin in Germany. 
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29 Mar 1945 WW2 Omar Bradley was promoted to the temporary rank of general. 
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29 Mar 1945 WW2 USS Macabi was commissioned into service with Commander Anthony H. Dropp in command. 
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29 Mar 1945 WW2 USS Chub spotted a Japanese convoy in the Java Sea and began pursuing the ships, attacked by patrolling aircraft in the process. 
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29 Mar 1945 WW2 The Japanese called off the attempt to recapture Meiktila, Burma. 
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29 Mar 1945 WW2 In Germany, US Third Army captured Frankfurt and Wiesbaden and US Seventh Army captured Mannheim. British sappers built another Rhine bridge, "Westminster". 
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29 Mar 1945 WW2 Germany lost its last major source of oil when Soviet units captured the Komorn oil fields in Hungary. 
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29 Mar 1945 WW2 Japanese Navy Shinyo special attack boats launched an attack at Okinawa, Japan to no effect. 
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29 Mar 1945 WW2 Franklin Roosevelt visited Hyde Park, New York, United States and the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library for what would be the last time. 
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29 Mar 1946 WW2 Submarine Marlin was sold to Boston Metal Company, Baltimore, Maryland, United States for scrap. 
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29 Mar 1947 WW2 The trial against Rudolf Höss at the Supreme National Tribunal of Poland ended. 
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