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History on the 5th of April

History
Date Text
05 Apr 1916 WW1 Begin of First Battle of Kut
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05 Apr 1917 WW2 Overnight, the British No. 100 Squadron RFC, the first British purpose-trained night operations squadron, flew B.E.2E aircraft during its first operation with two raids on Douai airfield in France, at that time home to the notorious Manfred von Richtofen's Jasta 11 "Flying Circus". 
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05 Apr 1918 WW2 A Japanese intervention force of 500 naval infantry disembarked at Vladivostok, Russia on the order of Admiral Kato; the Captain of HMS Suffolk also landed fifty Royal Marines to guard the British consulate. The Soviet government responded by halting all eastward movement on the Trans-Siberian railway and for a while it looked as if the Czech Legion would not be able to reach the port at all. 
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05 Apr 1927 WW2 Chiang Kaishek declared martial law in Shanghai, China as the first step of a bloody purge against Communists. 
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05 Apr 1927 WW2 Naka received a new commanding officer. 
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05 Apr 1929 WW2 Seria Well Number One (S-1) struck oil in Brunei. 
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05 Apr 1933 WW2 A council of German Christians, convened in Berlin, issued a call for a unified Protestant church faithful to the tenets of National Socialism, including the "Aryan cleansing" of the German church. 
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05 Apr 1934 WW2 Kuniaki Koiso was awarded the Order of the Rising Sun, 1st Class. 
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05 Apr 1937 WW2 Submarine S-7 was launched at Gorky, Russia. 
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05 Apr 1938 WW2 Troops from the Chinese First War Area arrived at Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China, and immediately launched a counter offensive toward embattled town of Tai'erzhuang. 
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05 Apr 1940 WW2 British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain announced that a German invasion of Western Europe would not be successful. 
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05 Apr 1940 WW2 British submarine HMS Spearfish departed Blyth for the Danish coast in search for potential German invasion fleets for Denmark and Norway. 
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05 Apr 1940 WW2 Song Zheyuan passed away in Mianyang County, Sichuan Province, China. 
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05 Apr 1940 WW2 British RAF aircraft attacked German shipping at Wilhelmshaven. 
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05 Apr 1940 WW2 Norwegian ambassador in Berlin warned Danish and Norwegian capitals of a possible invasion, as did British intelligence. 
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05 Apr 1940 WW2 The United Kingdom informed Norway and Sweden of its intent to mine Norwegian waters; British warships departed Scapa Flow at 1830 hours for this operation. 
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05 Apr 1941 WW2 At Moscow, Russia, Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union entered into a non-aggression treaty. 
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05 Apr 1941 WW2 Axis forces advanced toward Msus and Mechili in Libya. 
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05 Apr 1941 WW2 Before dawn, shortly after midnight, British destroyer HMS Wolverine, corvette HMS Arbutus, and sloop HMS Scarborough, escorting Allied convoy SC-26, forced German submarine U-76 to surface 250 miles south of Iceland. The German crew scuttled the submarine to prevent capture. During the attack on the submarine, 1 German crewman was killed; the 42 survivors were captured by the British. 
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05 Apr 1941 WW2 German submarine U-105 sank British ship Ena de Larrinaga 800 miles northwest of Natal, Brazil at 0338 hours; 5 were killed, 38 survived. 
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05 Apr 1941 WW2 The US Congress passed the "Fifth Supplemental National Defense Appropriation Act, 1941", which allocated US$14,575,000 for establishing a Marine Corps training ground on the east coast of the United States. 
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05 Apr 1941 WW2 The German embassy in Moscow, Russia reported that Soviet exports to Germany had dramatically increased in the month of Mar 1941, but the flow of goods from Germany to the Soviet Union had slowed. 
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05 Apr 1941 WW2 All British, Australian and New Zealand forces in Greece came under command of the veteran Australian, General (later Field Marshal Sir) Thomas Blamey to form the 1st Australian Corps. 
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05 Apr 1941 WW2 Indian 5th Division reached Massawa, Eritrea, Italian East Africa. Italian Admiral Bonetti, the head of the 10,000-strong garrison who had ignored surrender demands previously, asked for surrender terms at 1330 hours. Before the Allies responded, however, his superiors in Rome, Italy ordered him to fight until the last man. 
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05 Apr 1942 WW2 Adolf Hitler ordered a renewed offensive in the Leningrad, Russia region in the Soviet Union. 
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05 Apr 1942 WW2 Submarine USS Snapper delivered 20 tons of food to Corregidor, Philippine Islands and evacuated 27 personnel. 
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05 Apr 1942 WW2 Tatsuta Maru arrived at Tarakan, Borneo. 
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05 Apr 1942 WW2 Japanese and Chinese troops clashed at Yedashe in central Burma. 
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05 Apr 1942 WW2 German submarine U-154 sank US tanker Catahoula just off the northeastern coast of the Dominican Republic at 2318 hours; 7 were killed, 38 survived. 
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05 Apr 1942 WW2 Tenryu departed Kavieng, New Ireland. 
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05 Apr 1942 WW2 Seven Japanese Type 1 bombers, escorted by 4 Zero fighters, attacked Seven Mile airfield near Port Moresby, Australian Papua. Stores of fuel and ammunition were destroyed at the cost of one Zero fighter, which was shot down by Kittyhawk fighters. 
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05 Apr 1942 WW2 Commander Mitsuo Fuchida of Akagi commanded a 125-aircraft raid against Colombo, Ceylon. Akagi's aircraft helped in the sinking of HMS Cornwall and HMS Dorsetshire. 
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05 Apr 1942 WW2 263 British bombers (179 Wellington, 44 Hampden, 29 Stirling, and 11 Manchester aircraft) attacked the Humboldt Engineering Works Company at Kalk near Köln, Germany; most of the bombs fell far from the Humboldt factories. The British lost 5 aircraft; one of the aircraft shot down crashed in Köln, killing 16 and wounding 30. 
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05 Apr 1942 WW2 Adolf Hitler issued Führer Directive No. 41, calling for the invasion of the Caucasus region and Stalingrad, both in southern Russia. 
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05 Apr 1942 WW2 Shokaku launched air strikes against Colombo, Ceylon from the Indian Ocean. 
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05 Apr 1942 WW2 In the morning, Japanese carriers launched 36 D3A2 dive bombers and 53 B5N2 torpedo bombers, escorted by 36 Zero fighters, against the British naval base at Colombo, Ceylon, sinking merchant cruiser HMS Hector, damaging port facilities, while shooting down 25 British aircraft; 7 Japanese aircraft were lost in this attack. Around noon, cruiser Tone's floatplane spotted British cruisers HMS Cornwall and HMS Dorsetshire 200 miles southwest of Ceylon; 53 carrier aircraft were launched to attack, sinking Dorsetshire at 1350 hours (234 killed) and Cornwall at 1400 hours (190 killed); 1,122 survived from both ships. 
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05 Apr 1942 WW2 Japanese Navy leadership accepted the planned attack on Midway. 
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05 Apr 1942 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Yokosuka, Japan for repairs in the drydock. 
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05 Apr 1942 WW2 Italian aircraft attacked Valetta Harbour, Malta, causing fatal damage to minesweeper HMS Abingdon and destroyer HMS Gallant and also damaging destroyer HMS Lance. 
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05 Apr 1942 WW2 Japanese troops defeated the Philippine 21st Division at Mount Samat on the Bataan Peninsula, Philippine Islands. Inside the Allied lines, General Jonathan Wainwright doubled rations for front line troops despite being short in food in order to give the troops strength. 
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05 Apr 1942 WW2 Western Luzon Guerrilla Forces fighter Ramón Magsaysay was made a captain of the Philippine Army. 
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05 Apr 1942 WW2 Joseph Stalin ordered the arrest of Moscow Air Defense Corps (PVO) Brigadier Commissar Kurganov for drunkenness, 745th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment commander Zakharov for drunkenness and failure to report to post during an air raid, and 175th Artillery Regiment political officer Andreev and mechanic Military Technician 2nd Rank Kukin for drunkenness and accidental shooting of Lieutenant Kazanovsky. In the same order, he also fired and demoted PVO Main Directorate Chief Major General of Artillery Aleksei Osipov for drunkenness. 
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05 Apr 1942 WW2 Milton Miles departed LaGuardia Marine Terminal, Queens, New York, United States by flying boat. 
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05 Apr 1943 WW2 Theo Osterkemp was appointed the commanding officer of Jagdfliegerführer Sizilien and charged with safeguarding Axis flights between Sicily, Italy and Tunisia, Italian North Africa. 
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05 Apr 1943 WW2 Allies launched Operation Flax, a concentrated effort to destroy Axis capability to supply Tunisia by air. 
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05 Apr 1943 WW2 William Slim and Noel Irwin met in Calcutta, India. 
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05 Apr 1943 WW2 The keel of submarine U-869 was laid down. 
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05 Apr 1943 WW2 USS Finback hit a damaged and beached Japanese merchant ship off Wake Island with 1 of 2 torpedoes fired. 
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05 Apr 1943 WW2 USS Pompon began her journey down the Mississippi River in a floating drydock toward New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. 
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05 Apr 1943 WW2 USAAF 325th Fighter Group received orders to move two of its P-40 squadrons to the airfield at Montesquien, Algeria. 
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05 Apr 1943 WW2 USS Scorpion departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for her first war patrol. 
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05 Apr 1943 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Theater turned over to station (1200 capacity). 
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05 Apr 1943 WW2 Shokaku departed Kure, Japan for a series of round trips between Iwaishima and Tokuyama (3 times), Oita, and Beppu. 
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05 Apr 1943 WW2 Naka completed her repairs at Maizuru, Japan and departed the port. 
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05 Apr 1944 WW2 USAAF and RAF coordinated to start round-the-clock raids on the oil refineries at Ploesti, Romania. 
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05 Apr 1944 WW2 The SS Economic and Administrative Office submitted a report to the Supreme Command of the German SS organization noting the existence of 20 concentration camps with 165 connected labor camps. In Hungary, Jews were required to wear the yellow Star of David. 
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05 Apr 1944 WW2 Soviet troops entered Ternopil, Ukraine. 
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05 Apr 1944 WW2 Escort carrier Makin Island was launched. 
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05 Apr 1944 WW2 Oberleutnant Matthias Bermadinger of the German Kampfgeschwader 55 wing was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. 
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05 Apr 1944 WW2 Roza Shanina killed her first German soldier southeast of Vitebsk, Byelorussia. 
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05 Apr 1944 WW2 26 Japanese A6M Zero fighters of the Sanya Kokutai and the Kaiko Kokutai based in Hainan, China attacked Nanning, Guangxi, China, destroying 2 B-25 bombers and 3 P-40 fighters on the ground and shooting down 7 P-40 fighters in the air. 8 A6M fighters were lost. 
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05 Apr 1944 WW2 On the Imphal front in India, the Japanese 60th Regiment probed south towards a large store dump, where staff of the British 221st Advanced Ordnance depot, under continuous and heavy fire, repeatedly foiled the Japanese infiltration attacks for three days. Meanwhile, realizing that the movement of Indian 161st Brigade from Kohima to Dimapur was a poorly calculated move, he moved the brigade back; with no room in Kohima for the troops of the brigade, they settled down at Jotsoma 2.5 miles to the northwest to support from a distance. 
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05 Apr 1944 WW2 Siegfried Lederer escaped from Auschwitz-Birkenau camp and made it safely to Czechoslovakia; he warned the Elders of the Council at Theresienstadt about the atrocities being committed at Auschwitz. 
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05 Apr 1944 WW2 Soviet troops captured Dorohoi, Romania. 
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05 Apr 1944 WW2 At Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States, Emilio Segrè received the first sample of reactor-refined plutonium from Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States. He would soon discover that the spontaneous fission rate of this plutonium was too high for use in a gun-type fission weapon. 
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05 Apr 1945 WW2 18 US Divisions began to clear the Ruhr Pocket in Germany. 
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05 Apr 1945 WW2 Soviet foreign minister Molotov informed the Japanese ambassador that the Soviet Union would not renew the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact when it would expire in 1946. 
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05 Apr 1945 WW2 Soviet 3rd Ukrainian Front cut the rail line from Linz to Vienna, occupied Austria. 
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05 Apr 1945 WW2 On the fifth day of the Soviet artillery bombardmen on Königsberg, East Prussia, Germany, a break in the weather allowed Soviet aircraft to join in on the attack. By this point, German defenses could offer little opposition to enemy aircraft. 
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05 Apr 1945 WW2 Allied troops captured Almelo, the Netherlands. 
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05 Apr 1945 WW2 French First Army captured Karlsruhe, Germany. 
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05 Apr 1945 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Air Group 31 arrived on board. 
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05 Apr 1945 WW2 British 56th Infantry Division attacked German positions near Lake Comacchio in northern Italy. 
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05 Apr 1945 WW2 Americans established an advanced air base on Iwo Jima, Japan. 
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05 Apr 1945 WW2 At 1359 hours, while at Mitajiri anchorage in Japan, battleship Yamato's commanding officer Captain Kosaku Ariga received the order to participate in a surface special attack on 7 Apr 1945. Ariga informed the crew at 1500 hours. At 1730 hours, 67 recently arrived cadets from the Naval Academy at Etajima were sent ashore. A farewell party was then held aboard Yamato, with a photographer taking portraits of officers. 
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05 Apr 1945 WW2 USS Marcus Island disembarked US Navy squadron VC-87 and embarked squadron VCO-1 while operating off Okinawa, Japan. 
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05 Apr 1945 WW2 Yukio Araki visited his home in Gunma Prefecture, Japan for the last time. 
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05 Apr 1945 WW2 The third FR Fireball prototype aircraft was destroyed in a crash over Lindbergh Field, San Diego, California, United States. 
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05 Apr 1946 WW2 US 83rd Infantry Division was deactivated. 
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05 Apr 1946 WW2 USS Wake Island was decommissioned from service. 
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05 Apr 1946 WW2 USS Missouri arrived at Istanbul, Turkey with the remains of Turkish Ambassador Mehmet Munir Ertegun. 
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05 Apr 1947 WW2 Chinese communist forces attacked a US Marines ammunition depot. 
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05 Apr 1948 WW2 The trial against Albert Forster began at Gdansk, Poland by the Polish Supreme National Tribunal. 
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05 Apr 1949 WW2 Noor Inayat Khan was posthumously awarded the George Cross. 
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