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History on the 9th of April

History
Date Text
09 Apr 1917 WW1 Begin of Battle of Vimy Ridge
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09 Apr 1919 WW2 USS Arizona departed Guantánamo Bay Naval Base, Cuba. 
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09 Apr 1937 WW2 A Ki-15/Karigane aircraft, named "Kamikaze", landed in London. The flight from Tokyo to London broke the world record, while "Kamikaze" became the first Japanese aircraft to fly over Europe. 
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09 Apr 1938 WW2 Adolf Hitler arrived in Vienna in the recently annexed Austria region of Germany to gather support for the plebiscite of the following day. 
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09 Apr 1938 WW2 Chinese troops drove Japanese forces out of the Tai'erzhuang region in Jiangsu Province, China, ending the battle. Chiang Kaishek gave the order to pursue and destroy all fleeing Japanese troops, but local commanders disobeyed, opting to give their troops some time to rest after three weeks of non-stop fighting. 
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09 Apr 1938 WW2 German 1st Mountain Division was established. 
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09 Apr 1940 WW2 German troops crossed into Denmark at 0500 hours, with landings near Copenhagen unopposed; the Danish government surrendered within the same day, and Germany completed the conquest Denmark with only 20 casualties. To the north in Norway, German troops attacked four locations. At Narvik, German destroyers sank Norwegian coastal cruisers Eidsvold and Norge, killing 276. At Trondheim, German warships pretended to be British ships and sailed by the coastal batteries without being hassled, thus the city was captured with relative ease. At Bergen, the coastal batteries at Fort Kvarven damaged German cruiser Königsberg and minelayer Bremse. Off Bergen, German Ju 88 and He 111 aircraft attacked British battleship HMS Rodney and destroyer HMS Gurkha at 1400 hours; Rodney was hit by a dud 500-kg bomb, and Gurkha sank at 1600 hours, killing 15; only four German Ju 88 aircraft were lost in this attack. Finally, at Oslo, the batteries at Oscarborg sank German cruiser Blücher in the Oslofjord, killing 830. Out at sea, British battlecruiser HMS Renown intercepted German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau after they had successfully escorted Marine Gruppe 1 to Narvik; Renown fired first, hitting Gneisenau three times, but received two hits before the German ships disengaged from the battle. Given the dire situation, the Norwegian royal family, the government, and the country's gold reserves (with over 48 tons of gold) departed from Oslo at 0830 hours. 
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09 Apr 1940 WW2 British submarine HMS Truant torpedoed and heavily damaged German cruiser Karlsruhe in the Skagerrak at 1957 hours. After the crew was rescued, German torpedo boat Grief scuttled Karlsruhe. 
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09 Apr 1940 WW2 French submarine Sybille, under British command, departed Harwich, England to patrol the North Sea west of Denmark. 
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09 Apr 1940 WW2 Cruiser Köln participated in the invasion of Norway. 
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09 Apr 1940 WW2 HMS Rodney was hit by a German aerial bomb off Karmøy, Norway; the bomb failed to detonate. 
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09 Apr 1940 WW2 HMS Howe was launched at Govan, Scotland, United Kingdom. 
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09 Apr 1941 WW2 German troops reached the Monastir Gap in Macedonia, southern Yugoslavia, preparing to cross into Greece to outflank the Metaxas Line and the Aliakmon Line. German troops also arrived at Nis, Yugoslavia and Salonika, Greece on this day. 
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09 Apr 1941 WW2 RAF bombers attacked the German naval base at Kiel. 
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09 Apr 1941 WW2 237 German bombers conducted a raid on Birmingham, England, United Kingdom, dropping 285 tons of high explosive bombs and 1,110 incendiary bombs. 
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09 Apr 1941 WW2 Italian 27th Division "Brescia" and German 5th Light Division reached Tobruk, Libya. 
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09 Apr 1941 WW2 Danish ambassador to the United States Henrik Kauffmann signed an agreement with the US that made Greenland an American protectorate for the duration of the war. 
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09 Apr 1941 WW2 German submarine U-107 sank British ship Harparthian 400 miles northeast of Canary Islands at 0037 hours; 4 were killed, 39 survived. 
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09 Apr 1941 WW2 German submarine U-98 sank Dutch ship Prins Willem II 200 miles southeast of Iceland at 0216 hours; 3 were killed, 22 survived in 2 lifeboats. 
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09 Apr 1941 WW2 North Carolina was commissioned into service. 
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09 Apr 1941 WW2 HMS Eagle departed Alexandria, Egypt. 
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09 Apr 1941 WW2 The P.111 prototype aircraft took its first flight. 
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09 Apr 1941 WW2 Prince Hiroyasu stepped down as the chief of the Japanese Navy General Staff. 
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09 Apr 1941 WW2 The head of the Soviet Air Force Directorate Pavel Rychagov complained to Joseph Stalin that his pilots were flying in "coffins", referring to the poor condition of aircraft due to state neglect. 
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09 Apr 1942 WW2 German relief attempts toward the Kholm encirclement were met with limited success. 
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09 Apr 1942 WW2 Norwegian Lutheran Bishop Eivind Berggrav was arrested by the German occupation administration in Norway for resistance. 
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09 Apr 1942 WW2 British submarine HMS Thrasher sank Italian merchant ship Gala 20 miles southwest of Benghazi, Libya. 
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09 Apr 1942 WW2 German submarine U-123 sank US freighter Esparta within 10 kilometers of Cumberland Island, Georgia, United States at 0716 hours, killing 1 of 40 aboard. To the northeast, 20 kilometers off the coast of North Carolina, United States, U-160 sank US freighter Malchace at 0758 hours, killing 1 of 29 aboard. U-552 sank US tanker Atlas, killing 2 of 34 aboard. At 1004 hours, northwest of Iceland, U-252 sank Norwegian ship Fanefjeld, killing all 24 aboard. 
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09 Apr 1942 WW2 Just before 1200 hours, eight B-26 Marauder bombers attacked Simpson Harbor and Vunakanau airfield at Rabaul, New Britain, damaging ships in the harbor, port facilities, and several parked aircraft. 
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09 Apr 1942 WW2 In the morning, eight Zero fighters attacked Seven Mile airfield new Port Moresby, Australian Papua, damaging one Hudson aircraft and one Kittyhawk aircraft on the ground. In the afternoon, Type 1 bombers escorted by four Zero fighters attacked Seven Mile once again; Australian fighters failed to scramble fighters. 
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09 Apr 1942 WW2 Akagi launched air strikes against Trincomalee, Ceylon from the Indian Ocean. 
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09 Apr 1942 WW2 Shokaku launched air strikes against Trincomalee, Ceylon from the Indian Ocean. 
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09 Apr 1942 WW2 Japanese carrier aircraft attacked the harbor at Trincomalee, Ceylon at 0700 hours. Two hours later, empty British aircraft carrier HMS Hermes and Australian destroyer HMAS Vampire were detected 90 miles further south. At 1035 hours, Japanese carrier aircraft attacked and sank HMS Hermes (307 killed) and HMAS Vampire (9 killed); hospital ship Vita rescued survivors from both warships. At 1207 hours, 20 Japanese carrier dive bombers sank British oiler Athelstane (all aboard survived) and British corvette HMS Hollyhock (48 were killed, 17 survived) in the Indian Ocean. 
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09 Apr 1942 WW2 Irako supplied food to auxiliary gunboat Okuyo Maru at Makassar, Celebes, Dutch East Indies. 
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09 Apr 1942 WW2 Italian aircraft heavily damaged British destroyer HMS Lance at Malta; she would soon be written off as a total loss. 
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09 Apr 1942 WW2 75,000 US and Filipino troops, remainder of the US II Corps under General Edward King on the Bataan peninsula at Luzon, Philippine Islands, surrendered to the Japanese at 1230 hours; it was the largest American surrender in history. Before doing so, they destroyed fuel dumps, ammunition stores, submarine tender USS Canopus, tug USS Napa, and floating drydock USS Dewey. 
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09 Apr 1942 WW2 Before dawn, Kuma was attacked by US motor torpedo boats PT-34 and PT-41 in the Cebu Strait between Cebu and Bohol in the Philippine Islands but sustained no damage; the only torpedo that hit Kuma failed to detonate. PT-34 would be found and destroyed by aircraft after daybreak, killing 2. 
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09 Apr 1942 WW2 Repeated Soviet attacks on German positions at Kerch, Russia failed to break through. 
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09 Apr 1942 WW2 Soviet light cruiser Voroshilov was damaged by German aircraft at Novorossiysk, Russia. 
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09 Apr 1942 WW2 German bombers attacked Worthing in southern England, United Kingdom during the day, damaging a hospital and a gasometer and killing 2. 
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09 Apr 1943 WW2 British troops captured Mahares, Tunisia. 
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09 Apr 1943 WW2 USS S-31 arrived at Nouméa, New Caledonia where she would be refitted and would serve as a target for training exercises. 
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09 Apr 1943 WW2 Ivan Bagramyan was awarded the Order of Kutuzov 1st Class. 
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09 Apr 1943 WW2 USS Tunny made contact with a Japanese fleet off Truk, Caroline Islands at 2228 hours. She fired four torpedoes at the fleet, which now she realized was an aircraft carrier force, observing multiple hits. She then fired an additional six torpedoes before diving; the subsequent depth charge counterattack caused little damage. Later study of Japanese records revealed that the attacks caused only minor damage on the Japanese force as the torpedoes were detonated prematurely. 
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09 Apr 1943 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Parts of British Fighter Squadrons 882, 896, and 898 departed. 
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09 Apr 1943 WW2 The German government re-designated Majdanek from a labor camp to a concentration camp. 
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09 Apr 1943 WW2 The Chelmno Concentration Camp in Reichsgau Wartheland, Germany (occupied Poland) temporarily ceased its extermination operations. 
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09 Apr 1943 WW2 The keel of submarine Parche was laid down at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine, United States. 
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09 Apr 1943 WW2 The modified P-38G aircraft which Benjamin Kelsey was test flying failed to pull out of a dive; Kelsey parachuted to safety, albeit suffering a broken ankle on landing, but the aircraft would crash near Calabasas, California, United States. 
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09 Apr 1944 WW2 In Ukraine, the remnants of German 1.Panzerarmee conducted a 150-mile forced march to reach German lines. 
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09 Apr 1944 WW2 A new German Bf 110 aircraft, piloted by a German defector, flew into Switzerland and made a landing at Dübendorf. Hermann Göring, fearful of the possiblity of Allied capture, wanted to dispatch commandos under Otto Skorzeny to destroy the aircraft. 
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09 Apr 1944 WW2 Submarine Kete was launched, sponsored by Mrs. E. S. Hutchinson. 
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09 Apr 1944 WW2 Depth charges from USS Guadalcanal's anti-submarine hunter-killer group escorts Pope, Pillsbury, Chatelain, and Flaherty brought German Type IXC submarine U-515 to the surface 650 miles off Casablanca where Guadalcanal's aircraft sank it with rockets. There were 44 survivors, including the U-Boat commander Korvettenkapitän Werner Henke. 
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09 Apr 1944 WW2 Robert Johnson shot down a German Fw 190 aircraft over Kiel, Germany. 
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09 Apr 1944 WW2 Japanese troops captured Kanglatongbi and began to surround the Anglo-Indian troops at Imphal, India. To the north at Kohima, India, Japanese troops captured GPT ridge, forcing the British troops to fall back to Garrison Hill. 
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09 Apr 1944 WW2 Masafumi Arima was named the commanding officer of 26th Air Flotilla based at Clark Airfield, Philippine Islands. 
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09 Apr 1944 WW2 In Romania, Soviet 27th Army captured Târgu Frumos while Soviet 42nd Guards Rifles Division wiped aside Romanian 6th Infantry Division and captured Pascani 14 miles to the west. 
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09 Apr 1944 WW2 Soviet troops broke through German defensive lines at Kerch, Russia. 
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09 Apr 1944 WW2 Submarine Blenny was launched at Groton, Connecticut, United States, sponsored Florence King, daughter of Admiral Ernest King. 
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09 Apr 1944 WW2 Stan Bailey was named the commanding officer of US Marine Corps squadron VMF-214 based in Marine Corps Air Station Santa Barbara in California, United States. 
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09 Apr 1945 WW2 Hans von Dohnanyi passed away. 
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09 Apr 1945 WW2 Dietrich Bonhoeffer was executed. 
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09 Apr 1945 WW2 USS Tirante sank Japanese troop transport Nikko Maru and damaged Japanese coastal defense vessel No. 102; the latter was later towed back to port by transport Kiyokawa Maru. 
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09 Apr 1945 WW2 Allies launched 1,200 bombers to raid 10 German jet airfields and oil storage facilities. 
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09 Apr 1945 WW2 General Otto Lasch surrendered the city of Königsberg, East Prussia, Germany to the Soviet forces. The surrender caused a massive panic among the civilians of the city. As the roads were crowded with refugees, Soviet forces attacked, killing many civilians. Fighting ceased by midnight as Soviet forces eliminated all remaining German resistance. 80% to 90% of the city lay in ruin by this time. 
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09 Apr 1945 WW2 German Armeegruppe E was now completely cut off, but continued to fight against Yugoslavian partisans. 
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09 Apr 1945 WW2 Moringen Concentration Camp was liberated by Allied troops. 
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09 Apr 1945 WW2 The Liberty ship Charles Henderson, loaded with aircraft bombs, blew up in Bari harbour in Italy, killing 360 and injuring 1,730. 
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09 Apr 1945 WW2 Rifleman Ali Haidar took out two gun positions at Fusignano, Italy, being wounded on each occasion. But his actions enabled the advance to continue across the Senjo River and earned him the Victoria Cross. 
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09 Apr 1945 WW2 During the crossing of the Senjo River Indian Private Namdeo Jadhav carried two wounded comrades under heavy fire through deep water and across a minefield. He then recrossed the river, destroyed three machine gun posts and directed other companies safely across, thereby securing a bridgehead. His extraordinary conduct would earn him the Victoria Cross. 
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09 Apr 1945 WW2 USS Snook failed to respond to a message sent by USS Tigrone. 
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09 Apr 1945 WW2 USS Sea Robin took on 10 survivors of a sinking Japanese trawler damaged by Allied aircraft in the South China Sea. 
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09 Apr 1945 WW2 USS Guitarro departed Fremantle, Australia for her fifth and final war patrol. 
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09 Apr 1945 WW2 Soviet troops began assaulting the central region of Vienna, Ostmark, Germany. 
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09 Apr 1945 WW2 The German Kampfgeschwader 55 wing was disbanded. 
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09 Apr 1945 WW2 USS Parche fired 7 torpedoes at a Japanese Minesweeper No. 3 and a transport off Kobe, Japan, damaging the minesweeper with 1 hit. 
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09 Apr 1945 WW2 Wilhelm Canaris was executed by hanging by piano wire at the Flossenbürg concentration camp in Flossenbürg, southern Germany. 
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09 Apr 1945 WW2 Fähnrich Hans Guido Mutke, flying a Me 262 jet fighter, claimed to have reached supersonic speed while diving on a P-51 fighter. This claim would be disputed by most. 
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09 Apr 1945 WW2 In the early afternoon, 825 Allied heavy bombers and 1,000 other aircraft dropped bombs behind the Senio River in northern Italy. Between 1520 and 1910 hours, 1,500 artillery pieces bombarded German positions five times. At dusk, New Zealand, Indian, and Polish troops attacked. 
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09 Apr 1945 WW2 The Japanese Navy scored a notable success against the Americans when a large Shinyo Motor Boat packed with explosives charged out of Naha harbour, Okinawa, Japan to ram the USS Charles J. Badger putting the destroyer out of the war with both engines utterly unserviceable. A landing-craft was sunk on the same night and, from the fringes of the destroyer screen, came a report of swimmers armed with hand-grenades, although whether these were, in fact, Fukuryu ("Crawling Dragons") suicide-frogmen still remained uncertain. 
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09 Apr 1945 WW2 USS Sunfish damaged a Japanese ship off Mutsu harbor (Ominato Guard District naval base), Japan, hitting her with 1 of 4 torpedoes fired. 
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09 Apr 1946 WW2 Ion Antonescu, Mihai Antonescu, and Kristia Pantasi were returned to Romania for trial. 
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