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History on the 19th of April

History
Date Text
19 Apr 1529 RELIGIOUS In Germany at the Diet of Spires (Speyer), a document signed by Lutheran leaders in fourteen cities lodged a "protest" which demanded a freedom of conscience and the right of minorities. Henceforth, the German Lutheran Reformers were known as "Protestants."
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19 Apr 1823 RELIGIOUS Birth of Anna L. Waring, Welsh Anglican hymnwriter. "In Heavenly Love Abiding" is one of her best-known hymns, and is still sung today.
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19 Apr 1887 RELIGIOUS The Catholic University of America was chartered in Washington, D.C.
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19 Apr 1915 WW2 Kirishima was commissioned into service. 
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19 Apr 1915 WW2 Haruna was commissioned into service. 
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19 Apr 1918 WW2 Quintin Brand was promoted to the rank of temporary major. 
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19 Apr 1922 WW2 Future German fighter ace, Erich Hartmann (352 victories), was born at Weissach in Wüttemberg, Germany. 
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19 Apr 1930 RELIGIOUS American pioneer linguist Frank C. Laubach, while serving as a missionary in the Philippines, wrote in a letter: 'Fellowship with God is like a delicate little plant, for a long nurturing is the price of having it, while it vanishes in a second of time, as soon as we try to seat some other unworthy affection beside Him.'
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19 Apr 1935 WW2 Monaghan was commissioned into service. 
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19 Apr 1935 WW2 Chen Changjie was promoted to the permanent rank of brigadier general. 
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19 Apr 1937 WW2 In Spain, the Falange and Carlist Movement were united and became the FET (Falange Espanola Tradicionalista y de las Junta de Ofensive Nacional-Sindicalista). 
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19 Apr 1938 WW2 The first of four pre-production Messerschmitt Bf 110B-01 fighters powered by two Junkers Jumo 210Ga engines took to the air, despite the misgiving of senior Luftwaffe officers who had been overruled by Hermann Göring. 
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19 Apr 1940 WW2 Japan informed the United States that Japan had no aggressive intentions toward the Dutch East Indies. 
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19 Apr 1940 WW2 The first engagement between British and German troops in Norway took place at Verdal, north of Trondheim, when the British 146th Brigade and Norwegian troops clashed with troops of the German 138th Gebirgsjäger Regiment; later on the same day, 45 German paratroopers surrendered to the Norwegian forces at Dombås. Norwegian General Ruge convinced British Brigadier Morgan to lead the British 148th Brigade in an effort to block the German advance from Oslo. Overnight, 3 battalions of French mountain troops arrived at Namsos, Norway, but without their skis, mules, and anti-aircraft weapons. 
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19 Apr 1940 WW2 Three Neubaufahrzeug prototype heavy tanks arrived in Oslo, Norway largely as a show of force to intimidate Norwegians. 
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19 Apr 1940 WW2 Germany announced the formation of the Reich Commissariat for the occupied Norwegian Territories. 
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19 Apr 1940 WW2 Émile Bertin was damaged by German aircraft off Namsos, Norway; she would be sent to Brest, France for repairs. 
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19 Apr 1941 WW2 German troops captured Larisa, Greece, theoretically allowing them to move south along the eastern coast of Greece, thus this movement was to be hampered by roads and bridges that were destroyed by retreating Allied troops. Elsewhere, troops of German Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler Regiment captured Ioannina 50 miles from the western coast of Greece, further frustrating the southward retreat of Greek Epirus Army from Albania. British General Wavell flew to Athens, Greece for a meeting with King George II where the king agreed that the Allies could not hold Greece, and preparations should begin immediately to evacuate troops to Crete to prevent further destruction of the country. General Wilson was ordered to prepare for a stand at Thermopylae with a small rearguard force to protect the southward evacuation of British troops. 
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19 Apr 1941 WW2 450 British commandos conducted an amphibious raid against Axis forces in Bardia, Libya. An Italian supply dump and a coastal artillery battery were destroyed. While most men were successfully evacuated after the raid, 1 was killed by friendly fire and 67 were captured after getting lost and going to the wrong beach. 
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19 Apr 1941 WW2 Erwin Rommel personally inspected the front lines in the Libyan-Egyptian border area. 
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19 Apr 1941 WW2 Indian 5th Division (marching south from Amara, Eritrea, Italian East Africa) and British 1st South African Brigade (marching north from Addis Ababa, Abyssinia) attacked toward the 7,000-strong Italian garrison at Amba Alagi, Abyssinia. 
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19 Apr 1941 WW2 712 German bombers conducted a heavy raid on London, England, United Kingdom starting in the evening hours. Although the primary target was the London docks, the Old Place School in Poplar, East London, which was being used as a sub-fire station, was struck by a stray bomb, killing 13 London firefighters of both genders and 21 male Beckenham firemen; it was the largest single loss of firefighters in British history. The bombing continued past midnight. 
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19 Apr 1941 RELIGIOUS Robert F. Wagner, Sr. introduced a resolution in the U.S. Senate stating that U.S. policy should favor the "restoration of the Jews in Palestine." The resolution was supported by 68 Senators.
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19 Apr 1942 WW2 German submarine U-136 sank US freighter Steel Maker 200 kilometers southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, United States, killing 1 of 45 aboard. 
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19 Apr 1942 WW2 USS Gar began her second war patrol. 
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19 Apr 1942 WW2 German submarine U-130 attempted to bombard oil storage tanks near Willemstad on the island of Curaçao but was driven away by coastal defense guns before any damage was done. 
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19 Apr 1942 WW2 Slim, Wavell, and Alexander met to start discussing plans for a major retreat of Allied personnel out of Burma. 
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19 Apr 1942 WW2 HMS Edinburgh arrived at Murmansk, Russia. 
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19 Apr 1942 WW2 James Johnson shot down a German Fw 190 fighter. 
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19 Apr 1942 WW2 US and Filipino prisoners of war were loaded onto cramped freight trains from San Fernando to Camp O'Donnell at Capas, Tarlac, Philippine Islands; many died en route. 
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19 Apr 1942 WW2 British submarine HMS Umbra sank Italian ship Assunta de Gregori off Sfax, Tunisia. 
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19 Apr 1942 WW2 Off Palestine, German submarine U-81 sank a sailing vessel by gunfire at 1651 hours and sank sailing vessel Hefz el Rahman by ramming at 2200 hours. 
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19 Apr 1942 WW2 ShCh-401 pursued a German convoy with torpedoes off Tanafjord, Norway, targeting tanker Forbach; the submarine was driven off by German mineseepers M 154 and M 251 before the attack was made. 
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19 Apr 1942 WW2 The 113th Regiment of the Chinese 38th Division under General Sun Liren captured Twingon, Burma then repulsed a Japanese counterattack that saw heavy casualties on both sides. To the east, Japanese 55th Infantry Division captured Pyinmana. 
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19 Apr 1942 WW2 Chiang Kaishek, Song Meiling, and Joseph Stilwell met at Maymyo, Burma. 
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19 Apr 1942 WW2 General Mikhail Grigoryevich Yefremov committed suicide by shooting himself in the head with a pistol as his Soviet 33rd Army was on the brink of total destruction at Vyazma, Russia. 
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19 Apr 1942 WW2 The 7 surviving ships of Allied convoy PQ-14 arrived at Murmansk, Russia. 
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19 Apr 1942 WW2 Less Carrier Division 5, which detached with screen to head for New Guinea for Operation MO, Akagi and the Striking Force departed Mako in high speed attempted pursuit of the carriers that had launched the Doolittle Raiders which had just struck the Tokyo Bay area on the previous day. 
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19 Apr 1942 WW2 Shokaku departed Mako, Pescadores Islands to participate in Operation MO in the Coral Sea commencing 20 Apr 1942. 
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19 Apr 1942 WW2 German Luftwaffe group III./KG 27 returned to Kherson, Ukraine after operating against the Soviet salient at Izium in northeastern Ukraine. 
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19 Apr 1943 WW2 I-168 arrived at Kiska, Aleutian Islands with a cargo of ammunition and mail. 
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19 Apr 1943 WW2 Waffen-SS used tanks and other heavy weapons to counter the uprising at the Jewish ghetto in Warsaw, Poland, killing and deporting at least 50,000 during the following 27 days. 
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19 Apr 1943 WW2 At the Bermuda Conference, US and UK representatives discussed Jewish refugee issues in occupied Europe with little result. 
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19 Apr 1943 WW2 Belgian and Jewish underground movements attacked a transport of Jews from the Mechelen transit camp in Belgium. 150 Jews were rescued, but 220 died in the process. It was the only resistance effort during the Holocaust that had attacked a transport train. 
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19 Apr 1943 WW2 USS Hoe departed for Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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19 Apr 1943 WW2 USS Scorpion arrived off Nakaminato, eastern Honshu, Japan; after sundown, she deployed naval mines. 
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19 Apr 1943 WW2 HMS Seraph departed Holy Loch, Scotland, United Kingdom with the body of Glyndwr Michael, dressed as Major William Martin and planted with false documents intended to mislead the Germans. 
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19 Apr 1943 WW2 A search party found the remains of Isoroku Yamamoto on Bougainville, Solomon Islands. 
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19 Apr 1943 WW2 Viktor Abakumov was named the head of the newly formed Soviet Main Directorate of Counterintelligence (GUKR) SMERSH; he reported directly to Joseph Stalin. 
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19 Apr 1943 WW2 Joseph Stalin ordered NKVD's UOO to be split into three separate military counterintelligence directorates and to be placed under the NKO, the Navy Commissariat, and the NKVD. 
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19 Apr 1944 WW2 Thomas Hitchcock was killed while test-flying a P-51 Mustang aircraft. 
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19 Apr 1944 WW2 USS Finback sank a small Japanese vessel in the Pacific Ocean with her deck gun. 
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19 Apr 1944 WW2 In order to forestall the bombing of the homeland by American B-29 bombers from bases at Guilin and Liuzhou in China and to seize the Beiping-Hong Kong railroad, Field Marshal Shunroku Hata, Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Army China Expeditionary Force launched the Ichi-Go (Number one) offensive with a force of some 620,000 men, which was the largest force ever assembled by Japan for a single campaign. The main thrust was a powerful drive southwards from Hankou by the 11th Army, designed to link up with a push westward by 23rd Army from Guangdong. 
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19 Apr 1944 WW2 After sundown, the Japanese launched three separate attacks against Anglo-Indian positions near Imphal, India, some supported by medium tanks; none of the attacks achieved their objectives. 
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19 Apr 1944 WW2 Ernest King met with Joseph Rochefort in Washington DC, United States and gave him the command of the Far Eastern Section of the US Navy Office of Naval Intelligence. 
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19 Apr 1945 WW2 Goebbels' speech for Hitler's birthday promised that Germany would ultimately prevail in the face of all misfortune and Allied strength. 
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19 Apr 1945 WW2 617 Lancaster, 332 Halifax, and 20 Mosquito aircraft attacked Helgoland, Germany; 3 Halifax bombers were lost. The attack prompted Germany to evacuate civilians from the island to the mainland. 
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19 Apr 1945 WW2 A major attack was launched against Japanese positions on Okinawa, Japan. 
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19 Apr 1945 WW2 A Royal Canadian Air Force Catalina crashed in Labrador in northeastern Canada. In the following operation to rescue the seven crewmen, a US Coast Guard HNS1 helicopter would be deployed to assist. This was one of the first rescue operations undertaken by a rotary wing aircraft. 
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19 Apr 1945 WW2 Aleksandr Vasilevsky was awarded the Order of Victory for the second time. 
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19 Apr 1945 WW2 USS Sennet sank Japanese cargo ship Hagane Maru and an escorting vessel south of Japan, hitting them with 2 of 3 torpedoes fired. 
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19 Apr 1945 WW2 Ivan Bagramyan was awarded the Order of Suvorov for the second time. 
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19 Apr 1945 WW2 USS Hackleback fired an acoustic seeking torpedo at a Japanese patrol vessel south of Japan; the torpedo missed. 
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19 Apr 1945 WW2 USS Cero sank a Japanese patrol vessel south of Japan, hitting her with 1 of 2 torpedoes fired. 
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19 Apr 1945 WW2 A He 162 jet fighter shot down one British fighter, but it was in turn shot down by a British Tempest fighter. 
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19 Apr 1945 WW2 Xiao Yisu was awarded the Legion of Merit of the United States. 
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19 Apr 1945 WW2 British troops wiped out 500 Japanese troops at Mount Popa, Burma west of Meitkila after 20 days of heavy fighting. 
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19 Apr 1945 WW2 American B-24 bombers attacked Japanese shipping off Saigon, Indochina. 
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19 Apr 1945 WW2 US First Army captured Halle and Leipzig in Germany. 
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19 Apr 1945 WW2 British Second Army attacked Bremen, Germany across the Elbe River while Canadian troops captured the Luftwaffe base of Stade, 40 kilometers west of Hamburg, without opposition. 
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19 Apr 1945 WW2 USS Dragonet departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for her second war patrol. 
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19 Apr 1945 WW2 US 5th Army reached the Po plateau in Italy. 
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19 Apr 1945 WW2 Italian frogmen piloting British-built Chariot manned-torpedoes sank the uncompleted aircraft carrier Aquila to prevent the Germans from scuttling the ship to block the entrance to Genoa harbour, Italy. 
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19 Apr 1945 WW2 USS Sunfish sank Japanese ships Kaiko Maru and Taisei Maru south of Hokkaido, Japan, hitting them with 3 of 11 torpedoes fired; she expended all of her torpedoes in this attack. 
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19 Apr 1945 WW2 Lavrentiy Beria ordered the agents of NKVD, NKGB, and SMERSH to sent all German prisoners of war to concentration camps and all Soviet citizens suspected to have helped the Germans to special vetting camps. SMERSH agents would disobey this order, continuing to send their arrestees directly to SMERSH-run prisons in Moscow, Russia. 
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19 Apr 1945 WW2 US B-24 bombers based in the Philippine Islands struck the city of Shinchiku (now Hsinchu), Taiwan. 
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19 Apr 1945 WW2 USS Macabi entered a floating drydock for transit the Chicago Canal to the Mississippi River. 
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19 Apr 1946 WW2 USS Makin Island was decommissioned from service at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in Washington, United States. 
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19 Apr 1946 WW2 Escort carrier Wake Island was sold for scrap to the Boston Metals Company of Baltimore, Maryland, United States. 
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