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History on the 21st of April

History
Date Text
21 Apr 1649 RELIGIOUS The Toleration Act was passed by the Maryland Assembly. It protected Roman Catholics within the American colony against Protestant harassment, which had been rising as Oliver Cromwell's power in England increased.
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21 Apr 1783 RELIGIOUS Birth of English churchman and hymnwriter Reginald Heber. Heber published his first hymn at 28, and among his best remembered today are: "Holy, Holy, Holy," "The Son of God Goes Forth to War" and "From Greenland's Icy Mountains."
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21 Apr 1828 RELIGIOUS English churchman John Henry Newman wrote in a letter to his sister: 'May I be patient! It is so difficult to make real what one believes, and to make these trials, as they are intended, real blessings.'
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21 Apr 1878 RELIGIOUS Leo XIII published the encyclical, "Inscrutabili dei consilio." It outlined a program of reconciling the Catholic Church with modern civilization, many of its details reversing policies of his predecessor, Pius IX.
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21 Apr 1897 RELIGIOUS Birth of A. W. Tozer, one of the most popular and influential pastors to come out of the Christian and Missionary Alliance Church. Tozer was also a prolific writer, and his best- known publications include "The Pursuit of God" (1948) and "The Root of Righteousness" (1955).
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21 Apr 1911 WW2 Henry Arnold and Thomas Milling received instructions to go to Ohio, United States for flight training with the intention of making them the first US Army flight instructors. 
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21 Apr 1915 WW2 The French Army decided to issue an order that all men serving at the front should wear the new light blue (bleu clair) uniform. 
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21 Apr 1917 WW1 Begin of Battle of Istabulat
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21 Apr 1918 WW2 Canadian Captain Roy Brown of No. 209 Squadron RFC probably shot down and killed the famous Red Baron, German ace Baron Manfred von Richthofen. 
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21 Apr 1919 WW2 USS Arizona arrived at Brest, France. 
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21 Apr 1922 WW2 Nagara was commissioned into service. 
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21 Apr 1926 WW2 Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth II) was born at Mayfair, London, England, United Kingdom. 
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21 Apr 1936 WW2 HMS Hermes began a tour of Japan. 
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21 Apr 1938 WW2 Adolf Hitler summoned Wilhelm Keitel to begin the discussion of turning Case Green into an actual operation against Czechoslovakia. 
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21 Apr 1939 WW2 The US Marine Corps' Division of Operations and Training was renamed the Division of Plans and Policies. 
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21 Apr 1939 WW2 Chinese 3rd and 9th War Areas attacked toward Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China, engaging Japanese troops at Fengxin and Gao'an. 
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21 Apr 1940 WW2 German troops landed at Verdal and Kirknessvag, Norway, causing the British 146th Brigade near Trondheim to withdraw to Vist. Around Lake Mjøsa, British 148th Brigade reinforced Norwegian positions, but on the same day German forces broke through the line, causing the entire Norwegian-British force to withdraw north toward Lillehammer. Out at sea, German submarine U-26 sank British merchant vessel Cedarbank of convoy AP-1 50 miles northwest of Ålesund, killing 15; destroyer HMS Javelin rescued 30 men, but the vehicles, anti-aircraft weapons, ammunition, and food destined for the British 148th Brigade near Lillehammer were all lost. 
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21 Apr 1940 WW2 American air attaché to the Nordic countries, US Army Captain Robert Losey, was killed while observing a German bombing on the railway junction at Dombås, Norway; Losey was the first American military casualty of WW2. US Minister to Sweden Frederick A. Sterling ordered Naval Attaché Lieutenant Commander Ole E. Hagen to Norway to retrieve Losey's remains. 
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21 Apr 1940 WW2 Italian "Grado" naval infantry battalion landed at Split (Italian: Spalato), Croatia, Yugoslavia. 
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21 Apr 1941 WW2 German air and ground forces attacked British, Australian, and New Zealand troops at Thermopylae, Greece; dive bombers sank Greek torpedo boat Thyella, hospital ship Ellenis, hospital ship Esperos, and several freighters. 
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21 Apr 1941 WW2 In Operation MD2, British battleships HMS Warspite, HMS Barham, and HMS Valiant, supported by cruiser HMS Gloucester and 9 destroyers, bombarded Tripoli before dawn. Aircraft from carrier HMS Formidable dropped flares to aid the bombardment as it took place before dawn. Italian torpedo boat Partenope and 6 freighters were damaged. 
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21 Apr 1941 WW2 German submarine U-107 sank British ship Calchas 300 miles north of the Cape Verde Islands at 1500 hours; 24 were killed, 89 survived. 
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21 Apr 1941 WW2 US Marine Corps established the temporary command Marine Aircraft, South Pacific to assist with administrative and logistical duties of 1st and 2nd Marine Aircraft Wings. 
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21 Apr 1941 WW2 HMCS Trillium rescued 24 survivors of the British merchant ship Empire Endurance, which was sunk between Iceland and Ireland on the previous day by German submarine U-73. 
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21 Apr 1941 WW2 Georgios Tsolakoglou signed the surrender of the entire Greek Army to Germany. 
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21 Apr 1941 WW2 The town of Nigata and the village of Hiro were merged into Kure, Japan. 
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21 Apr 1941 WW2 24 German bombers escorted by 21 fighters attacked Tobruk, Libya, sinking 2 ships and damaging another 2. RAF Hurricane fighters of No. 73 and No. 273 Squadrons shot down 4 German aircraft. 
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21 Apr 1941 WW2 Starting after sundown and lasting until the next day, German bombers attacked Plymouth, England, United Kingdom, damaging cruiser HMS Kent, destroyer HMS Lewes, and destroyer HMS Leeds. 
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21 Apr 1942 WW2 Large number of Japanese warships were dispatched in search for the carriers that launched the Doolittle Raiders. 
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21 Apr 1942 WW2 US President Roosevelt ordered the seizure of all patents owned by enemy nations. 
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21 Apr 1942 WW2 British submarine HMS Torbay sank German ship Delpa II 12 miles north of Crete, Greece at 1536 hours with her surface guns; Germans counterattacked with coastal guns followed by the dispatch of two torpedo boats, but Torbay would be able to dive and escape. 
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21 Apr 1942 WW2 German submarine U-84 sank Panamanian ship Chenango 30 miles off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, United States at 0300 hours; 30 were killed, 2 survived. At 0236 hours, U-201 sank Norwegian ship Bris in the middle of the North Atlantic; 5 were killed, 21 survived. German submarine U-752 sank US freighter West Imboden 150 kilometers east of Boston, Massachusetts, United States; all 35 aboard survived. Meanwhile, German submarine U-459 departed from Germany on a resupplying mission for other submarines; she was the first of such supply submarines in the German Navy. 
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21 Apr 1942 WW2 German submarine U-576 sank US freighter Pipestone County 450 kilometers east of Virginia, United States at 1854 hours; all 35 aboard survived and were rescued by US Coast Guard cutter Calypso. 
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21 Apr 1942 WW2 Japanese aircraft based in Rabaul, New Britain attacked Port Moresby, Australian Papua. 
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21 Apr 1942 WW2 Japanese 18th Division captured Kyidaunggan, Burma from Chinese troops. 
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21 Apr 1942 WW2 20 French civilians were killed by Germans at Saint-Nazaire, France in retaliation of the 28 Mar 1942 raid by British commandos. 
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21 Apr 1942 WW2 Joseph Rochefort's cryptanalytic team based in Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii intercepted a Japanese Navy radio message noting that Carrier Division 5 (Shokaku and Zuikaku) were being detached from the Mobile Force for operations with the 4th Fleet in the South Pacific. 
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21 Apr 1942 WW2 Allied convoy QP-10 arrived at Reykjavík, Iceland. 
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21 Apr 1942 WW2 USS S-35 remained off Paramushiro, Hokkaido, Japan in the Kurile Islands due to heavy fog. 
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21 Apr 1942 WW2 Axis aircraft sank British anti-submarine trawler HMT Jade at Grand Harbour, Malta. 
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21 Apr 1942 WW2 The newspaper San Francisco News reported that the city government of San Francisco, California, United States was considering the banning the employment of Japanese-Americans. 
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21 Apr 1943 WW2 US President Roosevelt made the official announcement regarding the Japanese execution of downed American airmen who had participated in the Doolittle Raid. 
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21 Apr 1943 WW2 New Zealand troops of Maori ethnicity captured Takrouna, Tunisia. 
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21 Apr 1943 WW2 Allied convoy ONS 5 consisted of 42 ships departed from Liverpool, England, United Kingdom for a 3-week journey to Halifax, Nova, Scotia, Canada; it was escorted by 7 warships (2 destroyers, 1 frigate, and 4 corvettes) and supported by 2 trawlers and 1 tanker. The convoy was under the command of J. Kenneth Brook of the British Royal Navy Reserve; he was aboard Norwegian freighter Rena. The convoy was to grow in size from mid-journey rendezvous with other ships departing from other ports. 
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21 Apr 1943 WW2 USS Scorpion sank a sampan before 0100 hours with her deck gun. In the afternoon, she patrolled off Shioyasaki, eastern Honshu, Japan. 
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21 Apr 1943 WW2 USS Runner attacked a Japanese transport in the South China Sea; all 5 torpedoes fired missed. 
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21 Apr 1943 WW2 Isoroku Yamamoto's remains were cremated at Buin, Bougainville, Solomon Islands. 
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21 Apr 1943 WW2 Repair ship Akashi completed the repair work for destroyer Amagiri at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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21 Apr 1943 WW2 Joseph Stilwell and Claire Chennault departed Chongqing, China. 
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21 Apr 1943 WW2 Satoru Anabuki, flying Ki-43 fighter "Fubuki", shot down two P-36 fighters over Imphal, India, increasing his score to 34. 
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21 Apr 1943 WW2 USS Wahoo conducted training off Midway Atoll. 
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21 Apr 1943 WW2 Joseph Stalin officially signed the order to create GUKR SMERSH, the Main Directorate of Counterintelligence "Smert'shpionam" ("Death of Spies") and the naval UKR SMERSH. 
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21 Apr 1943 WW2 Troops of 48th Battalion of British Royal Tank Regiment captured German Tiger I heavy tank "131" near Medjez-el-Bab, Tunisia. 
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21 Apr 1943 WW2 An attempt was made to assassinate General Charles de Gaulle when the Wellington bomber flying him to Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom was sabotaged at RAF Hendon. The pilot detected the elevator controls had been cut just before take-off and aborted the flight. At the time, the incident was hushed up and blamed on German intelligence but de Gaulle never flew by plane in Britain again. 
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21 Apr 1944 WW2 USS Croaker was commissioned into service with Commander John E. Lee in command. 
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21 Apr 1944 WW2 Operation Chattanooga: Allied aircraft destroyed German rail and other transportation targets. 
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21 Apr 1944 WW2 Allied bombers conducted a raid on Belgrade, Yugoslavia. 
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21 Apr 1944 WW2 Colonel General Erhard Raus replaced Hans-Valentin Hube as the commander of the German 1.Panzerarmee. Hube was killed in a plane crash on the previous day. 
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21 Apr 1944 WW2 USS Gar ended her eleventh war patrol. 
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21 Apr 1944 WW2 USS Gabilan departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for her first war patrol; her primary task was to conduct reconnaissance in the Mariana Islands area. 
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21 Apr 1944 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Thirty-seven aircraft (Model F6F-3), 19 aircraft (Model TBF), 77 officers and 92 men of Air Group 20 arrived on board. 
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21 Apr 1944 WW2 Japanese troops captured Crete West hill near Imphal, India. 
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21 Apr 1944 WW2 Yamato departed Kure, Japan for Okinoshima and loaded troops. 
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21 Apr 1945 WW2 Feldmarschall Model committed suicide. 
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21 Apr 1945 WW2 Soviet 1st Ukrainian Front captured Bautzen and Cottbus, Germany. 
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21 Apr 1945 WW2 Soviet infantry reached Berlin, Germany. Adolf Hitler ordered an all-out counterattack against the Soviets at Berlin under the command of SS General Felix Steiner; this counterattack was never to be attempted. 
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21 Apr 1945 WW2 US Ninth Army captured Blankenburg, Germany. 
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21 Apr 1945 WW2 US First Army captured Dessau, Germany. 
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21 Apr 1945 WW2 At the end of the Ruhr battle in Germany, 325,000 Germans were taken prisoner. 
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21 Apr 1945 WW2 Americans declared Ie Shima, Japan secure. 
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21 Apr 1945 WW2 International Red Cross representatives visited the Theresienstadt Concentration Camp. 
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21 Apr 1945 WW2 200 to 300 German civilians from Gardelegen, Saxony, Germany were ordered by the US Army commander in the region to bury the 1,016 political and military prisoners who had been massacred by German SS and Luftwaffe troops on 13 Apr 1945. 
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21 Apr 1945 WW2 Louis Mountbatten scheduled Operation Dracula against Rangoon, Burma for 2 May 1945. William Slim hastened his units overland toward Rangoon in an attempt to reach Rangoon before Dracula commenced. 
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21 Apr 1945 WW2 Yukio Araki engaged American P-51 fighters over China. 
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21 Apr 1945 WW2 On the orders of Finnish Home Secretary Yrjö Leino, which were dictated by Allied Control Commission chief Andrei Zhdanov (but acting on behalf of Soviet SMERSH rather than the Allies), 20 men (most of whom Finnish citizens) were arrested and turned over to the Soviet SMERSH. 2 others were targeted for arrest but they were able to escape capture. 
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21 Apr 1945 WW2 French First Army captured Stuttgart, Germany. 
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21 Apr 1945 WW2 Soviet troops under Ivan Konev captured the German military headquarters near Zossen, south of Berlin, Germany. 
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21 Apr 1945 WW2 During the night (with the Red army already entering the suburbs) RAF Bomber Command attacked Berlin, Germany for the last time during the war. 
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21 Apr 1945 WW2 Theodore Morell was dismissed from his position as Adolf Hitler's personal physician, and departed the Führerbunker in Berlin, Germany in the evening. He was replaced by Ludwig Stumpfegger. 
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21 Apr 1945 WW2 3rd Carpathian Infantry Division of Polish II Corps captured Bologna, Italy with assistance from US 34th Division. 
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21 Apr 1945 WW2 Daniel Inouye led his platoon in destroying three German machine gun positions on the Gothic Line near San Terenzo, Italy, suffering a bullet wound in the stomach, a severed arm, and a bullet wound in the leg in the process. 
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21 Apr 1945 WW2 USS Boarfish arrived at Subic Bay, Philippine Islands, ending her second war patrol. 
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21 Apr 1945 WW2 Viktor Abakumov was awarded the Order of Kutuzov 1st Class for the successful execution of the radio game "Tuman" involving Pyotr Tavrin, a Russian national who spied for the Germans. 
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21 Apr 1945 WW2 Philippine air force began near-daily strikes on Japanese positions on Taiwan. 
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21 Apr 1948 WW2 The battleship USS Texas (BB-35) was taken over by the State of Texas to be preserved as a memorial in a specially-dredged canal in San Jacinto State Park, Texas, United States. 
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