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History on the 23rd of April

History
Date Text
23 Apr 2033 RELIGIOUS Christian tradition says the Jesus Christ, crucified three days earlier, was raised from the dead -- marking this date as the very first Easter. (The next time Easter falls on April 23rd will be in the year 2000.)
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23 Apr 1586 RELIGIOUS Birth of Martin Rinkart, German clergyman and Latin scholar. Rinkart, a prolific writer, penned the German hymn which begins: "Nun danket alle Gott..." ("Now Thank We All Our God").
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23 Apr 1779 RELIGIOUS Anglican clergyman and hymnwriter John Newton wrote in a letter: '"What Thou wilt, when Thou wilt, how Thou wilt." I had rather speak these three sentences from my heart in my mother tongue than be master of all the languages in Europe.'
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23 Apr 1789 RELIGIOUS What is believed to have been the first Catholic newspaper in America, "The Courier de Boston" published its first issue. (The periodical lasted only until October 15th of this same year.)
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23 Apr 1918 WW2 Lieutenant Paul Baer shot down his fifth enemy aircraft while in US service to become the first ace of the American Expeditionary Force. 
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23 Apr 1918 WW1 Begin of Raid on Zeebrugge
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23 Apr 1919 WW2 Joseph Rochefort departed Brest, France aboard passenger ship Koningin der Nederlanden as a member of the crew. 
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23 Apr 1925 WW2 Barnes Wallis married Molly Bloxam in Britain. 
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23 Apr 1934 WW2 The Sonnenburg and Brandenburg concentration camps closed. 
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23 Apr 1937 WW2 In Spain, the Madrid Defence Junta was dissolved. 
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23 Apr 1939 WW2 16th Division, 79th Division, and 5th Reserve Division of Chinese 32th Army crossed the Fu River near Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China. 
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23 Apr 1940 WW2 Budget Day in Britain saw the increase of tax on beer by 1 penny, whisky by 9 pence, and postage by 1 penny. 
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23 Apr 1940 WW2 Members of the Parliament in Britain criticized that the earlier estimate of 1940 war expenditure of £2,000,000,000 was too low. 
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23 Apr 1940 WW2 British 146th Brigade retreated to Namsos, Norway; the brigade had thus far suffered 19 dead, 42 wounded, and 96 missing. British 148th Brigade's defense line at Tretten Gorge in Norway suffered a heavy artillery barrage in the morning, an attack by light tanks in the early afternoon, and a surprise mountain troops attack from behind the lines; they began to retreat northward at 1900 hours, strafed by German aircraft in the process; the 148th Brigade had thus far suffered 705 killed, wounded, or missing. Near Oslo, British aircraft conducted a raid on German-controlled airfields. 
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23 Apr 1941 WW2 German troops attacked westward in Greece from Ioannina. Meanwhile, German paratroopers landed on Aegean Islands. On the same day, German bombers destroyed 13 British Hurricane fighters on the ground at Argoes (forcing the survivors to evacuate to Crete) and sank Greek torpedo boat Kios, minelayer Nestos, hospital ship Policos, battleship Kilkis, battleship Lemnos, 12 freighters, and 1 tanker; damaged Greek torpedo boat Doris was scuttled to prevent capture. King George II of Greece, Crown Prince Paul, Prime Minister Emmanuel Tsouderos and other important figures of the Greek government were evacuated by the RAF to Crete, where an attempt to evacuate personnel from Crete to Egypt had begun; King George II instructed that his wine cellar should be distributed to the Allied troops who fought to defend his country. 
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23 Apr 1941 WW2 An Axis convoy was spotted by British aircraft in the Mediterranean Sea sailing toward Tripoli, Libya. British destroyers HMS Jervis, HMS Jaguar, HMS Janus, and HMS Juno failed to intercept. Overnight, however, destroyer HMS Juno was able to find and sink empty Italian troopship Egeo off the Libyan coast. 
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23 Apr 1941 WW2 German Luftwaffe bombers attacked Tobruk habor in Libya, sinking several ships at the cost of 6 German aircraft. 
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23 Apr 1941 WW2 German bombers attacked Plymouth, England, United Kingdom. 
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23 Apr 1941 WW2 At the America First Committee meeting in New York City, New York, United States, Charles Lindbergh publicly called for the United States to stay out of the war. 
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23 Apr 1941 WW2 German armed merchant cruiser Thor arrived at Hamburg, Germany, ending a 322-day raiding mission that covered 57,532 miles which saw the sinking of 11 merchant ships and 1 British armed merchant cruiser. 
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23 Apr 1941 WW2 Alexander Löhr was mentioned in the Wehrmachtbericht daily radio report. 
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23 Apr 1941 WW2 Lemnos was beached at Salamis, Greece during a German air raid to prevent sinking. 
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23 Apr 1941 WW2 Hans-Joachim Marseille scored his 8th kill, a British Hurricane II fighter, over Tobruk, Libya during the morning sortie. In the afternoon sortie, he was shot down and safely landed in German territory. 
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23 Apr 1942 WW2 In a secret session of the British House of Commons, Churchill delivered a speech declaring that the liberation of Europe was "the main war plan" of Britain and the United States. 
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23 Apr 1942 WW2 The Kenedy Alien Detention Camp in Texas, United States began receiving Axis prisoners of war. 
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23 Apr 1942 WW2 South Africa broke diplomatic relations with Vichy France. 
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23 Apr 1942 WW2 The German government ordered that all boys between the age of 14 and 16 and girls between the age of 16 and 17 to perform mandatory agricultural service. 
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23 Apr 1942 WW2 Captain Shinshiro Soma was named the commanding officer of submarine tender Taigei. 
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23 Apr 1942 WW2 Repair ship Akashi departed Ambon, Dutch East Indies. 
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23 Apr 1942 WW2 German submarine U-565 sank British ship Kirkland 35 miles northeast of Sidi Barrani, Egypt at 0255 hours; 1 was killed, 22 survived. 
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23 Apr 1942 WW2 Before dawn, German armed merchant cruiser Michel launched torpedo boat LS-4 Esau to attack US tanker Connecticut in the middle of the South Atlantic, which successfully sank the tanker with two torpedoes; 36 were killed, 18 survived. At 2053 hours, German submarine U-125 sank US ship Lammot Du Pont 500 miles southeast of Bermuda; 6 were killed, 48 survived. 
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23 Apr 1942 WW2 Soviet submarine ShCh-401 attacked a German supply convoy just off Gamvik in northern Norway, sinking Norwegian merchant ship Stensaas (all aboard survived). Later on the same day, ShCh-401 attacked German submarine chaser UJ 1110, but was driven off by UJ 1110's depth charges. ShCh-401 reported in her position in the evening, but it would be the last time she was heard from; she likely ran into a minefield shortly after the report. 
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23 Apr 1942 WW2 Chinese mercenary troops under Allied command attacked Taunggyi, Burma while Japanese 56th Division captured Loilem. 
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23 Apr 1942 WW2 No. 1 Squadron of Soviet 95th Fighter Aviation Regiment attacked the German airfield at Luostari, Finland, destroying 17 aircraft (16 of which on the ground). 
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23 Apr 1942 WW2 161 RAF aircraft (93 Wellington, 31 Stirling, 19 Whitley, 11 Hampden, 6 Manchester, and 1 Lancaster bombers) conducted a raid on Rostock, Germany; 143 of them attacked the town while 18 attacked the nearby Heinkel aircraft factory, both with extremely poor results. Four bombers were lost during this attack. 
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23 Apr 1942 WW2 USS S-35 was spotted by a Japanese submarine in the Kurile Islands and was subjected to a depth charge attack. 
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23 Apr 1942 WW2 Luftwaffe began attacking "cathedral cities" in Britain, starting with Exeter, England, United Kingdom. 
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23 Apr 1943 WW2 German 17.Armee abandoned the attempt to dislodge the Soviet bridgehead at Novorossisk in southern Russia. 
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23 Apr 1943 WW2 USS Gar began her seventh war patrol. 
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23 Apr 1943 WW2 In Tunisia, Lieutenant Wilwood Sandys-Clarke was left as the only officer still alive after his company was almost wiped out in a counter-attack. Despite head wounds, he rallied him men and captured three German strong-points before being cut down whilst single handedly tackling two sniper posts. He was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross. Another Tunisian campaign Victoria Cross was awarded to Major John Anderson who was the first man into three enemy machine-gun positions, capturing 200 prisoners. 
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23 Apr 1943 WW2 USS Scorpion damaged a Japanese cargo ship off Honshu, Japan with 1 of 4 torpedoes fired. 
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23 Apr 1943 WW2 Orde Wingate and his small group of Chindits spotted the Chindwin River in Burma from a high spot; they were about 30 miles away from the river. 
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23 Apr 1943 WW2 Walter Stettner von Grabenhofen was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. 
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23 Apr 1943 WW2 In the evening, a flying boat arrived at Truk, Caroline Islands with ashes of Yamamoto and six of his staff officers, who had been shot down in a flying boat over Bougainville five days earlier. Senior staff officer Captain Kameto Kuroshima secretly transferred Yamamoto's ashes to the admiral's sea cabin. 
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23 Apr 1943 WW2 USS Tunny arrived at Midway Atoll, ending her second war patrol. 
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23 Apr 1944 WW2 Erwin Rommel wrote to Alfred Jodl, noting that if given command over the nearby tank formations he would wipe out any Allied landing attempt in France. 
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23 Apr 1944 WW2 Anglo-Indian troops attacked Ningthoukhong, India. 
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23 Apr 1944 WW2 USS Ray departed Fremantle, Australia for her fourth war patrol. 
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23 Apr 1944 WW2 USS Pintado arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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23 Apr 1944 WW2 USS Whale was detected by a Japanese patrol boat 22 kilometers east of Akuseki Shima, Japan, but she was able to escape before the Japanese attacked. 
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23 Apr 1945 WW2 German SS-Reichsführer Heinrich Himmler contacted the Western Allies via Swedish Count Folke Bernadotte to negotiate for a peace agreement. 
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23 Apr 1945 WW2 Soviet troops reached outskirts of Berlin, Germany. 
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23 Apr 1945 WW2 US submarine USS Besugo sank German submarine U-183 in the Java Sea; only one German sailor survived the sinking. 
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23 Apr 1945 WW2 US Navy PB4Y Privateer bombers launched Bat missiles against Japanese shipping off Balikpapen, Borneo; it was the first and only use of automatic homing missiles in WW2. 
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23 Apr 1945 WW2 In Berlin, Germany, Adolf Hitler noted that, when Germany would have lost the war, Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring would be the better person to negotiate peace terms. Göring, who was in Berchtesgaden in southern Germany, was made aware of this fact. After consulting Hans Lammers and other senior government officials, Göring carefully noted that, according to Hitler's decree of 29 Jun 1941, Göring would take power over Germany if Hitler could not respond by midnight. This message would be distorted by Martin Bormann as a sign of Göring's thirst for power. Hitler originally ordered Göring to surrender all of his positions, but Bormann would convince Hitler to issue an arrest order. 
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23 Apr 1945 WW2 British bombers attacked Lübeck, Germany. 
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23 Apr 1945 WW2 The 150 officers and 3,000 men of the 1st Division of the Indian National Army, an anti-British resistance group aided by the Japanese, surrendered to the Allies at Pyu, Burma. Meanwhile, Lieutenant General Heitaro Kimura, despite having been given orders of defend Rangoon, Burma to the death, ignominiously abandoned the city without issuing any orders to the Burma Area army. 
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23 Apr 1945 WW2 Prisoners of Sachsenhausen and Ravensbrück Concentration Camps in Germany began to be evacuated by German authorities; some Jews were massacred by SS guards this week as the last massacres of the war. 
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23 Apr 1945 WW2 British Second Army reaches the Elbe River near Hamburg, Germany. 
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23 Apr 1945 WW2 After sundown, Albert Speer bid his final farewell to Adolf Hitler. He admitted to Hitler that he had sabotaged Hitler's scorched earth policies, and Hitler forgave him for disobeying the order. Speer toured the Chancellery in Berlin, Germany for the last time before leaving for Hamburg, Germany. 
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23 Apr 1945 WW2 Folke Bernadotte met Heinrich Himmler at the SS Hohenlychen sanatorium in Lychen, Germany for the last time. During this meeting, Bernadotte secured the release of some Scandinavian Jews, but refused to help seek a separate peace between Germany and the Western Allies. 
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23 Apr 1945 WW2 US Fifth and British Eighth Armies reached the Po River north of Bologna, Italy. British Eighth Army captured Ferrara in the process, while the US Fifth Army captured La Spezia. Allied troops captured Bondeno, Italy. 
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23 Apr 1945 WW2 In Italy, remnants German 148th Infantry Division began advancing from the Genoa area toward Parma. 
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23 Apr 1946 WW2 Alexander Novikov was tortured under imprisonment. 
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23 Apr 1946 WW2 USS Brill departed San Diego, California, United States. 
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23 Apr 1947 WW2 The battleship HMS Warspite was wrecked on the rocks of Mounts Bay, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, while being towed to the breakers. 
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23 Apr 1948 WW2 ShCh-307 was decommissioned from service. 
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23 Apr 1949 WW2 Chinese communist forces captured Nanjing, China and announced the end of the Nationalist Party government. 
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23 Apr 1968 RELIGIOUS In Dallas, the 10.3 million-member Methodist and the 750 thousand-member Evangelical United Brethren churches joined together to form the United Methodist Church. The merger made this the second largest Protestant denomination in the United States (after the Southern Baptists).
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