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History on the 27th of April

History
Date Text
27 Apr 1537 RELIGIOUS Geneva's first Protestant catechism was published. Based on Calvin's "Institutes," it was compiled by John Calvin, 27, and/or by fellow French reformer, Guillaume Farel, 48.
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27 Apr 1667 RELIGIOUS English poet John Milton, 58, sold the copyright to his religious epic "Paradise Lost" for ten English pounds (less than $30).
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27 Apr 1775 RELIGIOUS Death of Moravian missionary Peter Bohler, 63. Commissioned by Count Zinzendorf in 1737, Bohler encountered the as-yet-unsaved John Wesley, no doubt imprinting within him the later Methodist characteristics of crisis conversion, joyful assurance of God's acceptance and a Christian lifestyle of self- surrendering faith.
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27 Apr 1832 RELIGIOUS The American Baptist Home Mission Society was formed in New York City. During its first 15 years, $1.66 million in contributions were raised, 14,426 churches were organized and 1,116 missionaries were sent out.
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27 Apr 1916 WW2 The Pre-dreadnought battleship HMS Russell was wrecked after hitting a mine off Malta. 
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27 Apr 1916 WW2 Friedrich Christiansen was awarded the Iron Cross First Class and Knights Cross with Swords of the House Order of Hohenzollern. 
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27 Apr 1920 WW2 Bruce Fraser, along with all members of a Royal Navy commission, was interned by the Soviet Red Army at Baku, Azerbaijian. 
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27 Apr 1929 WW2 Roderick Carr became a flight instructor with the No. 4 Flight Training School in Britain. 
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27 Apr 1933 WW2 In Germany, Hermann Göring was appointed Minister of Aviation. 
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27 Apr 1939 WW2 The British government introduced a national conscription policy for 20 and 21-year-old males. 
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27 Apr 1939 WW2 The British Air Ministry awarded the largest-ever order for a US-built fighter aircraft with an order for 524 Tomahawk fighters. 
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27 Apr 1939 WW2 Japanese troops counterattacked against the Chinese offensive at Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China, engaging in combat south and southeast of the city. 
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27 Apr 1939 WW2 Alois Eliás was named the prime minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. 
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27 Apr 1939 WW2 Viktor Abakumov was named the head of the UNKVD Directorate of Rostov Oblast, Russia. 
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27 Apr 1940 WW2 A British attempt to deliver much-needed anti-aircraft weapons by ground to Åndalsnes, Norway was turned back by a three-hour German aerial bombardment. At Kjorem, after holding the line against attacks by the German 196th Division throughout the day, the British 15th Brigade withdrew 17 kilometers to the north to form a new line at Otta. Meanwhile, the German 196th Division captured the Østerdal valley in Norway. 
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27 Apr 1940 WW2 Lorraine departed France for Alexandria, Egypt. 
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27 Apr 1940 WW2 Chief of the German SS organization Heinrich Himmler gave the order to convert the 22 former artillery barrack buildings at Oswiecim, Poland into a concentration camp, later to be more commonly known by its German name, Auschwitz. 
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27 Apr 1941 WW2 At 0400 hours, Dutch passenger liner Slamat departed Nauplia in southern Greece with 211 crew and 500 evacuating Allied troops; Slamat and escorting destroyers HMS Diamond and HMS Wryneck were all sunk by German Stuka dive bombers at 0700 hours, killing about 900. Later in the same morning, German 2nd Panzer Division captured Athens, raising the Nazi German flag above the Acropolis as a sign of victory and capturing large quantities of fuel, ammunition, and heavy vehicles; surrendered Greek officers were allowed to retire to their homes with their sidearms without being interned as prisoners of war. German 5th Panzer Division moved across the Corinth Canal all day and Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler Regiment crossed onto the Peloponnese Peninsula in southern Greece at Patras at 1730 hours. 4,200 Allied troops were evacuated from beaches south of Athens. 
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27 Apr 1941 WW2 Heinrich Himmler visited Mauthausen Concentration Camp in Austria. 
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27 Apr 1941 WW2 German submarine U-110 sank British ship Henri Mory 300 miles west of Ireland at 0130 hours; 28 were killed, 4 survived. 80 miles south of Iceland, U-552 sank British trawler Commander Horton at 0210 hours, killing the entire crew of 14. Shortly after, at 0242 hours, 100 miles southwest of the Faroe Islands, U-147 sank Norwegian ship Rimfakse; 11 were killed, 8 survived. At 1612 hours, U-147 struck again, sinking British ship Beacon Grange; 2 were killed, 82 survived. 
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27 Apr 1941 WW2 German medium and dive bombers attacked Tobruk, Libya, destroying 4 anti-aircraft guns (killing 8); 1 German aircraft was lost. After these losses, the British moved the anti-aircraft guns to conceal positions while dummy guns were constructed in the old anti-aircraft gun positions. 
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27 Apr 1941 WW2 German Deputy Chief of Staff Friedrich Paulus arrived in Libya. 
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27 Apr 1942 WW2 Luftwaffe aircraft conducted a raid on Norwich, England, United Kingdom. 
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27 Apr 1942 WW2 USS Yorktown departed for Coral Sea. 
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27 Apr 1942 WW2 USS Hammann departed Tongatapu, Tonga as a part of Task Force 17. 
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27 Apr 1942 WW2 While off Attu, US Territory of Alaska in the Aleutian Islands, USS S-35's cook was diagnosed with mumps, forcing the submarine to return to base. 
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27 Apr 1942 WW2 Japanese aircraft attacked the airfield near Darwin, Australia; 3 Japanese bombers and 4 escorting fighters were shot down by the US fighters assigned to the airfield, while the Americans lost 4 P-40 fighters. 
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27 Apr 1942 WW2 9 Japanese Type 1 bombers and 11 Zero fighters attacked Seven Mile airfield near Port Moresby, Australian Papua, destroying 3 A-24 and 1 B-26 aircraft. 
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27 Apr 1942 WW2 USS Astoria departed Tongatapu, Tonga to join Task Force 11. 
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27 Apr 1942 WW2 A major mining disaster in Manchukuo in Japanese-occupied northeastern China resulted in the death of 1,527 miners. 
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27 Apr 1942 WW2 RAF conducted a 100-bomber raid on Rostock, Germany; it was the fourth consecutive nightly raid on Rostock. Over Köln (Cologne), 97 British bombers (76 Wellington, 19 Stirling, 2 Halifax) dropped bombs and damaged 1,520 homes and killed 11; 7 bombers were lost. 
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27 Apr 1942 WW2 Joseph Rochefort's cryptanalytic team based in Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii reported that the Japanese Navy had changed call signs of some major warships, possibly indicating that a major operation was about to take place. 
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27 Apr 1942 WW2 Joseph Rochefort's cryptanalytic team at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii decrypted a radio message from Nobutake Kondo to Tokyo, Japan requesting navigation charts of the Aleutian Islands area and latest intelligence at AOE and KCN (which was determined to be Dutch Harbor and Kodiak in the Aleutian Islands). 
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27 Apr 1942 WW2 Japanese Naval General Staff reviewed the preliminary proposal a underwater aircraft carrier. 
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27 Apr 1942 WW2 31 British Halifax and 12 Lancaster bombers attacked German battleship Tirpitz and other ships at Trondheimsfjord near Trondheim in Norway to little effect. 5 bombers were lost during this attack. 
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27 Apr 1942 WW2 The first of 127 Polish female political prisoners arrived at Auschwitz Concentration Camp. They were imprisoned in Block 8. 
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27 Apr 1942 WW2 Troops of the Australian Sparrow Force on Portuguese Timor, now waging a guerrilla war against the Japanese, received supplies by Australian aircraft. 
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27 Apr 1942 WW2 Allied convoy QP-11, consisted of 13 merchant ships, departed northern Russia. 
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27 Apr 1942 WW2 At Murmansk, Russia, HMS Edinburgh embarked wounded merchant mariners, British Army personnel (who had trained Soviet counterparts), British Royal Air Force personnel (who also trained their Soviet counterparts), and Czechoslovakians and Polish nationals who had fled German occupation. 
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27 Apr 1943 WW2 The German Inspector of Concentration Camps ordered that only the mentally ill prisoners could be gassed via the Aktion T-4 Euthaniasia Program. 
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27 Apr 1943 WW2 Radar jamming devices began operations in eastern England, United Kingdom. 
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27 Apr 1943 WW2 Captain Lord Charles Lyell was killed in Tunisia whilst knocking out a 88mm gun position and two machine gun posts. He was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross. 
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27 Apr 1943 WW2 USS Scorpion fired six torpedoes at a Japanese convoy, sinking the merchant ship Yuzan Maru with four hits; she was depth charged by an escorting destroying and suffered minor damage. 
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27 Apr 1943 WW2 Admiral Dönitz issued a new order to his submarine commanders, instructing that they were to cross the Bay of Biscay submerged during the night and to resurface during the day only long enough to recharge their batteries. This proved something of a mistake for the Germans as it permitted some 12 RAF Squadrons to contribute to daylight anti-submarine operations. 
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27 Apr 1943 WW2 Orde Wingate and his small group of Chindits reached the Chindwin River in Burma. They were able to cross it later in the day with the help of Gurkha Rifles men from the western bank of the river. 
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27 Apr 1943 WW2 USS Puffer was commissioned into service with Lieutenant Commander M. J. Jensen in command. 
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27 Apr 1943 WW2 George Kenney departed Port Moresby, Australian Papua for Brisbane, Australia. 
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27 Apr 1943 WW2 USS Tunny departed Midway Atoll for Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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27 Apr 1944 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Truk and departed later on the same day. 
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27 Apr 1944 WW2 Overseas civilian travel was banned by the British government. 
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27 Apr 1944 WW2 British Sergeant Norman Jackson's Lancaster bomber was attacked by a German nightfighter after a bombing run over Schweinfurt, Germany. As he observed that the starboard wing was on fire, he climbed outside with a parachute and a fire extinguisher. Holding on with one hand, he attempted to put out the fire while the aircraft traveled at 200 miles per hour at the altitude of 20,000 feet. He was eventually thrown off the aircraft as the German nightfighter returned for a second attack. He would survive the fall and would become captured. 
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27 Apr 1944 WW2 Destroyer Yuzuki rescued survivors of sunken light cruiser Yubari. 
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27 Apr 1944 WW2 Remy Van Lierde was assigned to No. 3 Squadron RAF, flying Tempest Mk. V fighters. 
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27 Apr 1944 WW2 USS Seahorse sank Japanese cargo ship Akigawa Maru west of Saipan, Mariana Islands. 
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27 Apr 1944 WW2 Anglo-Indian troops attempted to attack the Japanese positions on the far side of the tennis court in Kohima, India. 
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27 Apr 1944 WW2 Italian motor torpedo boats attacked the Allied beachhead at Anzio, Italy before dawn, causing no damage. 
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27 Apr 1944 WW2 Light carrier Ryuho arrived at Kure, Japan. 
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27 Apr 1944 WW2 Semyon Timoshenko was awarded the Order of Suvorov 1st Class for the third time. 
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27 Apr 1944 WW2 Canadian and New Zealand prime ministers arrived in London, England, United Kingdom for the Imperial Conference. 
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27 Apr 1945 WW2 USS Sea Cat departed for her third war patrol. 
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27 Apr 1945 WW2 Italian partisans captured Benito Mussolini. 
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27 Apr 1945 WW2 US First Army captured Kempten and Straubing in southern Germany. 
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27 Apr 1945 WW2 The western Allies refused to consider Himmler's attempts at negotiation for peace. 
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27 Apr 1945 WW2 Operation Kikusui No. 4 was launched off Okinawa, Japan, participated by about 65 Japanese Navy and 50 Japanese Army special attack and escorting aircraft. 
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27 Apr 1945 WW2 Japanese Shinyo special attack boats damaged destroyer USS Hutchins and an LCI landing ship at Okinawa, Japan. 
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27 Apr 1945 WW2 Aleksandr Vasilevsky began planning for the Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation. 
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27 Apr 1945 WW2 The British East Indies Fleet sailed from Trincomalee, Ceylon to begin a series of strikes prior to the capture of Rangoon, Burma; this force of battleships, cruisers and destroyers would take it in turns to fuel and then screen the carriers hitting airfields, installations and coastal shipping in the Nicobars, the Andamans and along the Burma coast. Meanwhile, on land, Indian 17th Division was attacked by a Japanese suicide offensive north of Pegu; it was repulsed after the Japanese suffered 500 killed. 
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27 Apr 1945 WW2 German 9.Armee and 20.Armee both attempted to attack towards Berlin, Germany, but both were rebuffed by Soviet forces. Inside Berlin, Soviet forces completed the capture of Templehof airfield, with other fighting concentrated in the Spandau and Grunewald areas. 
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27 Apr 1945 WW2 Before dawn, German Luftwaffe wing KG 4 flew its final supply mission to Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland) as 30 He 111 aircraft dropped 24 tons of ammunition to the German garrison in the city. 
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27 Apr 1945 WW2 US Fifth Army entered Genoa, Italy. 
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27 Apr 1945 WW2 Brazilian infantry and US tanks drove out German troops at Collecchio, Italy. 
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27 Apr 1945 WW2 Nikolai Selivanovsky was named the NKVD adviser to the Polish Ministry of Public Safety, replacing Ivan Serov. 
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27 Apr 1946 WW2 Bruce Fraser was made the First and Principal naval Aide-de-Camp to the King. 
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27 Apr 1950 RELIGIOUS The modern state of Israel was officially recognized by the British government.
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