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History on the 28th of May

History
Date Text
28 May 1725 RELIGIOUS English founder of Methodism John Wesley wrote in a letter: 'I can't think that when God sent us into the world He had irreversibly decreed that we should be perpetually miserable in it.'
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28 May 1818 RELIGIOUS Former president Thomas Jefferson set forth in a letter to a Jewish journalist his opinion of religious intolerance: 'Your sect by its sufferings has furnished a remarkable proof of the universal point of religious insolence, inherent in every sect, disclaimed by all while feeble and practised by all when in power. Our laws have applied the only antidote to this vice, protecting our religions, as they do our civil rights, by putting all on equal footing. But more remains to be done.'
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28 May 1898 RELIGIOUS In Italy, the Shroud of Turin was first photographed by Secundo Pia in Turin's Cathedral, where it had rested for 320 years.
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28 May 1913 WW2 Andrew McNaughton was promoted to the rank of major. 
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28 May 1918 WW2 In Siberia, Russia, the Czech Legion captured Penza. 
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28 May 1918 WW1 Begin of Battle of Cantigny
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28 May 1921 WW2 USS R-5 transited the Panama Canal. 
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28 May 1925 WW2 HMS Hermes arrived at Portsmouth, England, United Kingdom. 
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28 May 1929 WW2 Nachi boarded Emperor Showa on his tour of the Kansai region, Japan. 
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28 May 1933 WW2 In an election in Danzig, Nazi Party members won 50% of total votes. 
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28 May 1935 WW2 The first flight of Willy Messerschmitt's Bf 109 fighter took place. Powered by a 695 horsepower Rolls Royce Kestrel engine, the Bf 109 fighter was the first all-metal stressed-skin monocoque single seat fighter monoplane with an enclosed cockpit and retractable undercarriage to enter service. The Bf 109 fighter proved so successful that over 30,000 would ultimately be built before the end of the war. 
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28 May 1935 WW2 Eva Braun attempted suicide by taking Phanodorm, which was a drug usually prescribed to help with sleeping. 
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28 May 1937 WW2 Neville Chamberlain became the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. 
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28 May 1937 WW2 The forerunner to the modern Volkswagen car company, Gesellschaft zur Vorbereitung des Deutschen Volkswagens mbH, was established. 
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28 May 1937 WW2 Neville Chamberlain appointed the unpopular Jewish Liberal Leslie Hore-Belisha as Secretary of State for War. 
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28 May 1938 WW2 Adolf Hitler ordered the military to prepare for an invasion of Czechoslovakia and ordered the mobilization of 96 divisions; the preparation was to complete by 2 Oct 1938. 
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28 May 1938 WW2 Ousted Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg, who had been under house arrest since 12 Mar 1938, was moved to the Gestapo headquarters in Vienna, occupied Austria. 
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28 May 1938 WW2 Japanese bombers attacked Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, killing 750 and wounding 1,350. 
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28 May 1939 WW2 A combined Soviet and Mongolian force, having surrounded a two-regiment Japanese force near Nomonhan in Mongolia Area of China days earlier, wiped out the Japanese. 
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28 May 1939 WW2 The Italian Foreign Minister Count Ciano visited Berlin, Germany where he was given a great reception in his honour by Hitler. 
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28 May 1940 WW2 German submarine U-37 sank French liner Brazza 100 miles west of Cape Finisterre, Spain at 0924 hours, killing 79 crew and 300 passengers. 53 crew and 144 passengers were later rescued by French gunboat Enseigne Henry and British armed merchant cruiser HMS Cheshire. 
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28 May 1940 WW2 The National Defense Advisory Committee was established in the United States as a group of advisors for US President Roosevelt. Its membership included business and industry leaders such as William Knudsen, Edward Stettinius, and Sidney Hillman and academics such as economist Leon Henderson. 
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28 May 1940 WW2 American ambassador to France, William Bullitt, sent a telegram to the United States asking President Roosevelt to dispatch a cruiser to Bordeaux, France to bring weapons for the French police to quell a feared "Communist uprising" and to embark French and Belgian gold reserves. Heavy cruiser USS Vincennes would sortie from Hampton Roads, Virginia, United States with destroyers USS Truxtun and USS Simpson in response to the ambassador's request. 
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28 May 1940 WW2 King Leopold III of Belgium officially surrendered unconditionally to Germany at 0400 hours; he made this decision without consulting his government nor the Allied nations. 
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28 May 1940 WW2 Japanese bombers attacked Chongqing, China in multiple waves. 
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28 May 1940 WW2 In France, 11,874 Allied personnel were evacuated from Dunkerque harbor and 5,930 from the nearby beaches; the latter was possible due to the arrival of many small fishing boats and pleasure craft. At Lille, seven German Divisions trapped the 40,000-strong French First Army. At Abbeville, the crew of French Char B1 Bis tank "Jeanne d'Arc" gallantly fought on against a German attack despite receiving 90 hits. Across the front lines, between eighty and ninety British prisoners of the 2nd Warwickshire Regiment, the Cheshire Regiment, and the Royal Artillery were murdered by members of No. 7 Company, 2nd Battalion SS Liebstandarte at Wormhoudt, France. 
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28 May 1940 WW2 Allied forces consisted of British, French, Norwegian, and Polish troops attacked Narvik, Norway across the Rombaksfjord and by land starting at 0015 hours. German aircraft did not arrived until 0430 hours, but they were able to force the Allied fleet to withdraw after damaging cruiser HMS Cairo (killing 10 and wounding 7). At 1200 hours, Allied troops captured the city. German troops withdrew to nearby hills. 
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28 May 1941 WW2 British General Archibald Wavell ordered Operation Battleaxe against Axis positions in Libya; it was to be launched on 7 Jun. 
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28 May 1941 WW2 The evacuation of British and Commonwealth troops from Crete, Greece began before dawn; the evacuation centered around Sphakia on the southern coast of Crete, while Colonel Laycock commanded a rearguard force to guard the evacuation. British cruisers HMS Ajax, HMS Orion, and HMS Dido and destroyers HMS Decoy, HMS Jackal, HMS Imperial, HMS Hotspur, HMS Kimberly, and HMS Hereward departed Alexandria, Egypt for Heraklion, Crete to help with the evacuation; German aircraft damaged HMS Ajax (killing 6, wounding 18, and forcing her to turn back) and HMS Imperial (wounding 1); the force, less Ajax, arrived at Heraklion at 2330 hours. 
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28 May 1941 WW2 British Lord Woolton announced experimental egg rationing and further restrictions on fish and milk. 
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28 May 1941 WW2 In the United Kingdom, successful prosecutions under Food Control Orders now totaled 17,319. 
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28 May 1941 WW2 German bombers attacked HMS Tartar and HMS Mashona 100 miles west of Ireland in the morning, killing 36 men as a bomb hit Mashona. HMS Tartar rescued 184 survivors and destroyers HMS Sherwood and HMCS St. Clair scuttled Mashona with gunfire. 
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28 May 1941 WW2 Indian 20th Brigade, en route to Baghdad in Iraq, reached the city of Ur. 
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28 May 1941 WW2 German submarine U-107 sank Greek ship Papalemos off Sierra Leone, British West Africa at 1600 hours; 2 were killed and 27 survived. 
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28 May 1941 WW2 South African Prime Minister Jan Smuts was appointed as a Field Marshal in the British Army. He was the first South African to hold the rank. 
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28 May 1941 WW2 Jan Smuts was given the rank of field marshal in the British Army. 
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28 May 1942 WW2 Japanese Navy changed code books. 
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28 May 1942 WW2 American freighter Sylvan Arrow (of the Standard Oil and Transportation Company), damaged by German submarine U-155 on 20 May 1942, sank in the Caribbean Sea while under tow. On the same day, U-103 sank US tanker New Jersey 90 miles southwest of Grand Cayman island (41 survived) in the Caribbean Sea, U-502 sank US ship Alcoa Pilgrim (31 were killed, 9 survived) in the Caribbean Sea, and U-106 sank British ship Mentor (4 were killed, 82 survived) in the Gulf of Mexico. 
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28 May 1942 WW2 A force of about 500 US Army troops moved from Efate to Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides to build an airfield in support of the proposed Solomon Islands landings. 
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28 May 1942 WW2 Allied convoy PQ-16 encountered heavy fog but managed to remain with each other by keeping eyes on fog buoys towed by the ship immediately in front of each trailing ship. 
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28 May 1942 WW2 German submarine U-155 sank Dutch ship Poseidon 150 miles east of Martinique; all 32 aboard survived. Far to the northeast, U-506 sank British ship Yorkmoor with 55 round from her deck gun; all 45 aboard survived. 
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28 May 1942 WW2 USS Salmon sank Japanese passenger-cargo ship Ganges Maru in the South China Sea. 
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28 May 1942 WW2 Seaplane tender USS Tangier conducted a small raid on Tulagi in the Solomon Islands; during the attack, she transmitted radio messages that were purposefully composed as if she was a fleet carrier, thus giving the Japanese a false impression that the US was still operating fleet carriers in the South Pacific when in actuality all fleet carriers had been shifted back to the Hawaiian Islands. 
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28 May 1942 WW2 USS Enterprise departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for Midway Atoll. 
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28 May 1942 WW2 USS Yorktown moved into Dry Dock No. 1 at Pearl Harbor Navy Yard, US Territory of Hawaii at 0645 hours. 
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28 May 1942 WW2 USS Hornet departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for Midway Atoll. 
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28 May 1942 WW2 Tatsuta Maru arrived at Yokohama, Japan. 
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28 May 1942 WW2 Destroyer Yuzuki arrived at Sasebo, Japan for a scheduled overhaul. 
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28 May 1942 WW2 Repair ship Akashi departed Kure, Japan in support of the Midway invasion as a member of the Supply Group. 
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28 May 1942 WW2 The Allies began counterattacks two days after the Axis offensive began in Libya, forming the "Cauldron" that attempted to envelope Axis forces on three sides. British General Neil Ritchie still believed that the feint that the Axis forces launched on 26 May 1942 near the coast to be the main attack, however, thus refusing to send additional tanks to the southern end of the Gazala Line. 
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28 May 1942 WW2 Semyon Timoshenko ordered all offensives in the Kharkov, Ukraine region to cease, thus effectively conceding the Second Battle of Kharkov and granting victory to the German Unternehmen Fridericus I. When all actions were wrapped up, the Germans would count over 200,000 prisoners of war, 1,200 tanks, and 2,000 artillery pieces captured. 
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28 May 1942 WW2 Winston Churchill despatched Lord Louis Mountbatten, the British Chief of Combined Operations, to Washington DC, United States to persuade the Americans that an invasion across the English Channel into occupied France would, at this time, only lead to disaster. As an alternative he proposed an Anglo-American landing in French North Africa later in the year. Mountbatten was authorised to tell the Americans that Great Britain would only agree to a 1942 attack across the Channel if the Soviets were to be in immediate danger of surrendering. 
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28 May 1943 WW2 Cowpens was commissioned into service. 
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28 May 1943 WW2 USS Gunnel started her second war patrol. 
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28 May 1943 WW2 B-17 bomber "Old 666" conducted a camera mapping mission over southeastern New Ireland. 
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28 May 1943 WW2 USS Sunfish shelled a Japanese oil refinery at Fais, Caroline Islands. 
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28 May 1943 WW2 Japanese and Chinese troops clashed in Hubei and Hunan Provinces, China, with the Chinese moving behind the Japanese 13th Division, threatening to cut its supply lines. 
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28 May 1943 WW2 A British military mission led by Captains Frederick W. D. Deakin and William F. Stuart made the long delayed arrival at the headquarters of Yugoslav National Liberation Army's leader Josip Broz (Tito). 
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28 May 1944 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Manila, Philippine Islands. 
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28 May 1944 WW2 USAAF again bombed the synthetic oil plant at Lüne-Merseburg in eastern Germany. 
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28 May 1944 WW2 Submarine Charr was launched, sponsored by Mrs. William Orkney. 
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28 May 1944 WW2 USS Pompon attacked a Japanese transport south of Japan; all 3 torpedoes missed. 
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28 May 1944 WW2 British entertainer Noël Coward arrived in Ceylon aboard destroyer HMS Rapid. 
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28 May 1944 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Parts of Air Group 18 on board. 
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28 May 1944 WW2 USS Whale departed Majuro, Marshall Islands for her eighth war patrol; destroyer USS Cassin escorted her out to sea. 
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28 May 1944 WW2 USS Golet departed Midway Atoll with Lieutenant James S. Clark as her new commanding officer. 
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28 May 1945 WW2 Japanese air offensive sank destroyer USS Drexler and damaged several other ships off Okinawa, Japan. 
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28 May 1945 WW2 American-born William Joyce, the German propagandist whose radio broadcasts to Britain during the war had earned him the nickname "Lord Haw-Haw", was captured by British troops. He was to be hanged as a traitor in 1946, and was to be the last person to be executed in Britain for an act of treason. 
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28 May 1945 WW2 The British Admiralty ended the convoy system in the Atlantic Ocean. 
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28 May 1945 WW2 USS Tunny departed Guam, Mariana Islands. 
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28 May 1945 WW2 USS Guitarro departed Saipan, Mariana Islands. 
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28 May 1945 WW2 Light carrier Hosho was camouflaged at Nishinomishima, Japan. 
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28 May 1945 WW2 USS Ray sank 3 small Japanese vessels west of Japan with her deck gun. 
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28 May 1945 WW2 USS Shamrock Bay departed Apra Harbor, Guam, Mariana Islands with US Navy squadron VC-96 on board. 
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28 May 1945 WW2 USS Manta departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for her first war patrol. 
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28 May 1945 WW2 USS Gabilan arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii, ending her fifth war patrol. 
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28 May 1946 WW2 Allied repatriation ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Morotai, Moluccan Islands and embarked Japanese personnel. She departed later on the same day. 
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28 May 1946 WW2 USS Cassin Young was decommissioned. 
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28 May 1946 WW2 I-14 was scuttled 8 miles off Oahu, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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28 May 1946 WW2 Ramón Magsaysay was elected to the Philippine House of Representatives. 
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28 May 1947 WW2 Dong Zhao was awarded the Order of Precious Tripod 4th Class. 
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28 May 1948 WW2 Submarine Chub was struck from the US Naval Register. 
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28 May 1948 WW2 Submarine Brill, now Turkish submarine Inönü, was struck from the US naval register. 
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28 May 1954 RELIGIOUS President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed a bill which added the words "under God" to the Pledge of Allegiance.
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28 May 1958 RELIGIOUS The Presbyterian Church in the U.S. merged with the Presbyterian Church of North America to form the United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (UPCUSA).
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