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History on the 30th of May

History
Date Text
30 May 1431 RELIGIOUS French heroine Joan of Arc, 19, a prisoner of the English, was burned at the stake for heresy. (She was later canonized in 1920 by Benedict XV.)
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30 May 1819 RELIGIOUS Anglican bishop Reginald Heber, 36, penned the words to the missionary hymn, "From Greenland's Icy Mountains."
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30 May 1918 WW2 Richard O'Connor was Mentioned in Despatches. 
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30 May 1925 WW2 The colourful radical nationalist Moeller van den Bruck (author of the 1923 book "The Third Reich" - soon to be utilised to describe Germany under the Hitler Regime) shot himself whilst confined in a psychiatric hospital. 
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30 May 1932 WW2 German President Paul von Hindenburg met with Adolf Hitler. 
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30 May 1932 WW2 He Yingqin stepped down as a member of the treasury committee. 
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30 May 1934 WW2 Rejecting the authority of the new Reich Bishop, representatives of almost half of the Evangelical Churches in Germany met at Barmen in Westphalia where they declared a break-away Confessing Church (Bekenntniskirche) founded upon a theological declaration drafted by Karl Barth and two other young clergymen in a hotel room in Frankfurt-am-Main a few days before. 
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30 May 1934 RELIGIOUS The two-day Barmen Synod ended in Germany. The resulting Barmen Declaration affirmed that the German Confessing Church recognized Jesus Christ to be the only authoritative voice of God, in clear contrast to all other (i.e., Nazi) powers representing divine revelation.
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30 May 1937 WW2 1,500 Uyghurs led by Kichik Akhund captured the Old City district of Kashgar, Xinjiang, China. 
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30 May 1938 WW2 German generals updated the Case Green military scenario, which was now being used as an invasion plan for Czechoslovakia. 
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30 May 1938 WW2 Hideki Tojo stepped down as the chief of staff of Kenkichi Ueda (Japanese Kwantung Army in northeastern China). 
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30 May 1940 WW2 The British Admiralty ordered all modern destroyers to leave Dunkirk, France due to the previous day's losses by German Luftwaffe, leaving 18 older destroyers to continue the evacuation; 24,311 were rescued from the harbor and 29,512 were rescued from the nearby beaches on this date. Despite poor weather, German aircraft damaged destroyers HMS Anthony and HMS Sabre, minesweeper HMS Kellet, armed boarding vessel HMS King Orry, and steamers St. Julien & Normannia. French destroyer Bourrasque was damaged by a mine and finished off by German artillery off Ostend, Belgium; 660 were either killed or swam to shore and became captured, while about 300 were rescued. 
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30 May 1940 WW2 Allied troops began pushing German troops from the Narvik, Norway region back toward the Swedish border. 
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30 May 1940 WW2 German submarine U-101 sank British ship Stanhall off Cape Finisterre, Spain, killing 1. 36 survivors were rescued by British steamer Temple Moat. 
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30 May 1940 WW2 President Roosevelt rejected a request from US Ambassador to France William Bullitt of 28 May 1940, which asked for an American fleet to move into the Mediterranean Sea. Secretary of State Cordell Hull, who communicated the rejection to Bullitt, added that the "presence of the fleet in the Pacific at this time is a very practical contribution to the maintenance of peace in the Pacific". 
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30 May 1940 WW2 US Minister in Uruguay Edwin C. Wilson reported to his superiors Washington DC, United States noting Nazi German leanings in the public sentiment. 
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30 May 1940 WW2 Benito Mussolini advised Adolf Hitler that Italy was ready to enter the war. 
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30 May 1940 WW2 The keel of unnamed transport ship No. 74 was laid down at Kawasaki Shipbuilding Corporation's shipyard at Kobe, Japan. 
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30 May 1940 WW2 Operation Fish: British battleship HMS Revenge, troop transport HMS Antonia, and troop transport HMS Duchess of Richmond with £40 million, £10 million, and £10 million in gold, respectively, departed from Britain for Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The gold was destined for the vaults of the Bank of Canada in Ottowa for safe keeping during war time. 
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30 May 1941 WW2 Erich Raeder recommended Adolf Hitler an attack on the Suez Canal in Egypt. 
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30 May 1941 WW2 Before dawn, a force of British cruiser and destroyers embarked 6,029 troops and departed Sphakia, Crete, Greece for Egypt. En route, they were attacked by Axis aircraft; a bomb hit on cruiser HMS Perth killed 13, but RAF fighter escorts prevented Axis aircraft from dealing the kind of damage they did on the previous day against a different evacuation convoy. Destroyer HMS Kelvin, sailing north from Egypt, was damaged by a bomb en route, killing 1. On land, German aircraft strafed evacuation beaches at and near Sphakia. 
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30 May 1941 WW2 British and Indian forces reached the outskirts of Baghdad, Iraq, causing Rashid Ali's government to collapse. 
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30 May 1941 WW2 German submarine U-106 sank British ship Silveryew near Cape Verde Islands at 0036 hours, killing 1. 
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30 May 1941 WW2 German submarine U-38 sank British ship Empire Protector off Sierra Leone, British West Africa at 1407 hours, killing 5. 
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30 May 1942 WW2 The Japanese intercepted, but could not decode, a report by USS Cuttlefish returning from patrol near Saipan, Mariana Islands. Around midnight, the Japanese Navy 6th (Submarine) Fleet at Kwajalein, Marshall Islands also reported monitoring messages exchanged by two American task groups located 170 miles north-northeast of Midway Atoll, moving westwards. Aboard battleship Yamato, Admiral Yamamoto suggested that the information be relayed to the First Air Fleet flagship carrier Akagi, but senior staff officer Captain Kuroshima cautioned not to break radio silence. Elsewhere, the transport fleet of the Japanese Aleutian invasion fleet set sail from the main island of Honshu of the Japanese home islands; it was consisted of 8 transports. In the northern Pacific Ocean, Japanese submarine I-25 surfaced for the launching of her floatplane for a reconnaissance missiong over Dutch Harbor in the Aleutian Islands; an American cruiser sailed near by luck but failed to spot the submarine; I-25 would continue with the reconnaissance mission after a short while. 
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30 May 1942 WW2 British Royal Air Force Flying Officer Leslie Manser, from 50 Squadron at Skellingthorpe, was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for remaining with his doomed Manchester bomber while his crew parachute to safety. 
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30 May 1942 WW2 German submarine U-155 sank Norwegian ship Baghdad in the center of the Atlantic Ocean at 0651 hours; 9 were killed, 21 survived. At 1024 hours, U-404 sank US freighter Alcoa Shipper further north, killing 7 of 32 aboard. 
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30 May 1942 WW2 Escort carrier Activity was launched. 
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30 May 1942 WW2 The Chinese 38th Division completed its move to India. 
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30 May 1942 WW2 British submarine HMS Proteus sank Italian ship Bravo 70 miles west of Benghazi, Libya. 
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30 May 1942 WW2 USS Pompano sank Japanese troop transport Atsuta Maru 80 miles east of Okinawa, Japan. 
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30 May 1942 WW2 USS S-35 reached the western Aleutian Islands and began patrolling the area. 
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30 May 1942 WW2 Joseph Stalin finally approved the establishment of a Central Staff for Partisan Warfare under the direction of Byelorussian Communist Party Secretary Panteleimon Ponomarenko. The irregulars would now be organized along military lines with Red Army Commanders and NKVD officials to run them. 
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30 May 1942 WW2 By adding 367 training aircraft, British Air Marshal Harris managed to mount the first thousand-plane raid against Germany (the actual count was 1,046), Operation Millennium. Originally targeted for Hamburg, it was switched to Köln due to weather. Over 1,400 tons of explosives were dropped on that city during the night of 30-31 May 1942, killing 500, injuring 5,000, and making nearly 60,000 homeless. 40 British bombers failed to return. The German government estimated that Köln received 900 tons of high explosive and 110,000 incendiary bombs, and about 400 were killed. 
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30 May 1942 WW2 Paul von Kleist was mentioned in the Wehrmachtbericht daily radio report. 
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30 May 1942 WW2 Alexander Löhr was mentioned in the Wehrmachtbericht daily radio report. 
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30 May 1942 WW2 USS Yorktown, having received rushed repairs from 1,400 dock workers, departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for Midway Atoll. 
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30 May 1942 WW2 USS Astoria departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for Midway Atoll. 
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30 May 1942 WW2 USS Hammann departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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30 May 1942 WW2 Axis forces attacked westward in Libya, the direction the offensive originated from, in order to consolidate territories recently taken. 
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30 May 1942 WW2 Hans-Joachim Marseille shot down the RAF P-40 fighter piloted by Australian Flight Sergeant George Buckland at 0605 hours over El Adem, Libya, which was his 65th kill. After the mission, he drove to the site of the crash after hearing from his comrades that his victim bailed but the parachute did not open; he found the remains, retrieved identification papers, and made a flight over a British airfield to let the British know what happened to Buckland. 
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30 May 1942 WW2 Before dawn, the floatplane of Japanese submarine I-10 conducted a reconnaissance mission over Diego-Suárez harbor, Madagascar, spotting British battleship HMS Ramillies, a tanker, a freighter, and an ammunition ship. At 1740 hours, I-16 and I-20 launched midget submarines M-16b and M-20b 10 miles from Diego-Suárez. M-20b fired her torpedo at 2025 hours, damaging HMS Ramillies and putting her out of action for a year. At 2120 hours, corvettes HMS Genista and HMS Thyme counterattacked with depth charges but failed to hit the Japanese midget submarines. Shortly after, M-20b fired her second torpedo, sinking British tanker British Loyalty. 
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30 May 1942 WW2 21 ships of the Allied convoy PQ-16 arrived in the Kola Inlet near Murmansk, Russia at 1600 hours. 
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30 May 1942 WW2 Submarine Runner was launched at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine, United States, sponsored by the wife of John H. Newton. 
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30 May 1943 WW2 Yekaterina Budanova shot down a Bf 109 fighter, sharing the credit with other pilots. 
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30 May 1943 WW2 Duguay-Trouin joined the Allied fleet; she would be re-armed in Jul 1943. 
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30 May 1943 WW2 General Charles de Gaulle arrived in Algeria to become, with Henri Giraud, co-Presidents of the French Committee of National Liberation (FCNL) but soon used his superior political skills to become sole leader of the organization. 
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30 May 1943 WW2 Japanese and Chinese troops clashed at Gaojialing in the Hubei-Hunan border region in China; the Japanese used chemical weapons during this engagement. On the same day, Chinese 6th War Area commander Chen Cheng ordered a full scale counter offensive to be launched. 
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30 May 1943 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Part of Army 19th Fighter Squadron departed. 
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30 May 1943 WW2 USS Grayback arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii, ending her seventh war patrol. 
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30 May 1943 WW2 Yamato undocked from the drydocks at Yokosuka, Japan. 
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30 May 1943 WW2 SS-Hauptsturmführer Josef Mengele became the doctor for the Gypsy Family Camp (Sector BIIe) of Auschwitz II-Birkenau camp in occupied Poland. 
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30 May 1943 WW2 Submarine Hackleback was launched at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, sponsored by the wife of W. L. Wright. 
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30 May 1944 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru departed Manila, Philippine Islands. 
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30 May 1944 WW2 Royal Sovereign was decommissioned from service. 
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30 May 1944 WW2 USS Guitarro sank the heavily-escorted cargo ship Shisen Maru off Taiwan, hitting her with two of the three torpedoes fired. 
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30 May 1944 WW2 USS Finback completed refitting at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii and departed for her ninth war patrol. 
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30 May 1944 WW2 USS Pompon sank cargo ship Shiga Maru off Murotosaki, Shikoku, Japan, hitting her with 1 of 3 torpedoes fired. 
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30 May 1944 WW2 Major General Nobuo Tanaka canceled his offensive in the Imphal region in India after incurring heavy losses. To the north at Kohima, the Indian 7th Division assault on Dyer Hill, Pimple Hill, and Big Tree Hill, which began on 24 May, was repulsed with heavy casualties. 
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30 May 1944 WW2 British troops captured Arce, Italy; US 36th Infantry Division penetrated between German 1st Parachute Corps and LXXVI Panzer Corps on the Caesar C Line. Also on this day, after seven German divisions successfully withdraw along Route 6 in Italy, Albert Kesselring allowed his troops in the Velletri gap to slowly fall back. 
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30 May 1944 WW2 In a Daily Telegraph crossword puzzle the word "Mulberry" appeared as one of the answers. This caused considerable consternation among Allied invasion planners as "Mulberry" was the codename for the floating harbours and facilities to be used during the invasion landings in France. 
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30 May 1945 WW2 USS Blenny reported sinking a small Japanese craft with the deck gun in the morning and a transport with torpedoes in the afternoon. 
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30 May 1945 WW2 US P-47 aircraft from Ie Shima attacked Japanese shipping and the lighthouse at Amami Oshima, which was part of the Ryukyu Islands north of Okinawa, Japan. 
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30 May 1945 WW2 USS Croaker attacked a small Japanese convoy consisted of three small oilers and an armed escort; firing a total of 21 torpedoes, 3 of them made contact, and she claimed to have sunk two oilers and the escort vessel, but the sinkings were not confirmed. 
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30 May 1945 WW2 USS Chub attacked a Japanese convoy in the Java Sea; both torpedoes missed. 
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30 May 1945 WW2 USS Ray sank a small Japanese patrol vessel west of Japan with her deck gun. 
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30 May 1945 WW2 The remainder of General Seiei Yamamoto's troops in Burma was effectively wiped out. 
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30 May 1945 WW2 French guns shelled the centre of Damascus in Syria-Lebanon, damaging the Syrian government building and Government House. In addition there was much street fighting between French and Syrian troops. That evening General Charles de Gaulle ordered a cease fire; some hours prior Winston Churchill sent him a note demanding an immediate French cease fire and return to barracks. 
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30 May 1945 WW2 USS Bergall attacked a group of small Japanese vessels in the Gulf of Thailand with her deck gun, sinking seven. 
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30 May 1945 WW2 Allied convoy RA-67, the last returning Allied arctic convoy, arrived at Clyde, Scotland, United Kingdom. 
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30 May 1946 WW2 Canadian Manhattan Project Louis Slotin, after receiving a fatal dose of radiation during an accident on 21 May, passed away in a hospital. 
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30 May 1968 RELIGIOUS Death of Martin Noth, 66, German Old Testament scholar. Noth was the first authority to note that 1&2 Samuel and 1&2 Kings contain virtually no mention of the classic prophets: Isaiah, Jeremiah, Amos and Hosea.
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