19 May 1662
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history
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RELIGIOUS
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England's King Charles II approved a bill requiring all ministers to assent publicly to the Anglican "Book of Common Prayer."
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19 May 1740
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history
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RELIGIOUS
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English revivalist George Whitefield wrote in a letter: 'True faith is not merely in the head, but in the heart.'
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19 May 1885
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history
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RELIGIOUS
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The complete Old and New Testament English Revised Version (EV or ERV) of the Bible was first published in England. After a promised 20-year wait, U.S. scholars on the ERV committee published an "Americanized" edition in 1905, known afterward as the American Standard Version (ASV) of the Bible.
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19 May 1915
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history
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WW1
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Begin of Turkish attack at Anzac Cove
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19 May 1919
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history
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WW2
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The Turkish War of Independence began.
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19 May 1921
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history
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WW2
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Joseph Rochefort was assigned to minesweeper Cardinal based at San Pedro, California, United States as the ship's chief engineer.
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19 May 1927
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history
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WW2
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He Yingqin crossed the Yangtze River in China during the Northern Expedition campaign.
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19 May 1930
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history
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WW2
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Oswald Mosley stepped down as the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.
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19 May 1931
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history
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WW2
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The German pocket battleship Deutschland was launched at Kiel, Germany.
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19 May 1934
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history
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WW2
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Minneapolis was commissioned into service.
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19 May 1934
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history
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WW2
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A military coup d'état in Bulgaria seized power and abolished political parties. King Boris III was reduced to the status of a puppet king, but within a year he would lead a successful counter coup that would overthrow the military leaders.
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19 May 1935
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history
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WW2
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T. E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia) died after being involved in a motorcycle accident six days earlier.
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19 May 1938
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history
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WW2
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Two B-10 (pilots Xu Huansheng and Tong Yanbo) and one He 111A (pilot Chen Yifan) bombers of Chinese Air Force took off from Hankou, Hubei Province, China for a leaflet mission over Kumamoto, Fukuoka, and other southern Japanese cities. The leaflets detailed atrocities commited by Japanese troops in China. This was Chinese Air Force's first mission over foreign territory. All three aircraft evaded Japanese air defenses and returned to Hankou safely.
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19 May 1939
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history
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WW2
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St. Louis was commissioned into service.
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19 May 1939
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history
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WW2
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Chinese troops captured Zaoyang, Hubei Province, China.
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19 May 1939
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history
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RELIGIOUS
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Death of Howard B. Grose, 88, U.S. Baptist leader and author of the hymn, "Give of Your Best to the Master." At one time president of South Dakota State University, Grose also worked with American Baptist publications and home missions.
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19 May 1940
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history
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WW2
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French Army General Maxime Weygand replaced General Maurice Gamelin as Chief of the General Staff and Commander-in-Chief; Marshal Philippe Pétain was made Deputy Prime Minister.
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19 May 1940
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history
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WW2
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German General Guderian resumed his attack, capturing territories between Saint-Quentin and Péronne. His troops were now within 50 miles of the English Channel and had cut off the Allied troops in Belgium. British Expeditionary Force commander General Lord Gort issued the order to withdraw toward port cities, including Dunkirk, while Colonel de Gaulle's French 4th Armored Division made a failed attempt to attack Guderian's flank at Montcornet.
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19 May 1940
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history
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WW2
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German submarine U-37 sank Swedish merchant vessel Erik Frisell off Scotland at 0631 hours. The crew of 34 were later rescued by armed trawler HMS Cobbers.
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19 May 1940
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history
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WW2
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The British Royal Air Force had lost over half of the aircraft it had deployed to France and Beligum by this date. To retain strength for a potential invasion of Britain, the RAF began recalling remaining squadrons back home.
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19 May 1941
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history
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WW2
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Iraqis surrender the town of Fallujah after it was subjected to aerial and artillery bombardment by the British; 300 Iraqi troops were taken prisoner. On the same day, German bombers attacked RAF Habbaniya in Iraq.
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19 May 1941
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history
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WW2
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German aircraft attacked British airfields on Crete, Greece. To prevent destruction, the British RAF evacuated all aircraft from Crete to Egypt.
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19 May 1941
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history
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WW2
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Vichy France announced the repatriation of 100,000 French prisoners of war.
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19 May 1941
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history
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WW2
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Battleship Bismarck departed Gotenhafen at 0200 hours and made rendezvous with heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen and destroyers Z-16 Friedrich Eckoldt and Z-23 off Rügen Island at 1200 hours. At 2230 hours, destroyer Z-10 Hans Lody joined the group.
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19 May 1941
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history
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WW2
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Heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen made rendezvous with battleship Bismarck off Rügen Island at 1200 hours.
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19 May 1941
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history
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WW2
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German submarine U-96 sank British ship Empire Ridge 50 miles northwest of Ireland at 0324 hours; 31 were killed, 2 survived and rescued by destroyer HMS Vanquisher.
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19 May 1941
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history
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WW2
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"Guidelines for the behaviour of the troops in Russia" demanded that German troops use "ruthless and energetic action against Bolshevik agitators, guerrillas, saboteurs (and) Jews" and approved the complete liquidation of any "active or passive resistance".
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19 May 1941
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history
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WW2
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4,777 Italian and colonial troops formally surrendered at Amba Alagi, Abyssinia at 1115 hours, parading out of the fortress with rifles on their shoulders.
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19 May 1941
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history
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WW2
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British Army Sergeant Nigel Leakey was awarded a posthumous Victoria Cross after being killed in action single-handedly knocking out Italian tanks in Abyssinia.
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19 May 1942
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history
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WW2
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German submarine U-506 sank US freighter Heredia 100 kilometers southwest of New Orleans, Louisiana, United States at 0856 hours, killing 36 of 62 aboard. Between Jamaica and Haiti at 1040 hours, U-751 sank US ship Isabela, killing 3 of 36 aboard. 200 kilometers southeast of New Orleans and 200 kilometers west of Havana, Cuba, U-103 sank US freighter Ogontz, killing 19 of 41 aboard.
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19 May 1942
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history
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WW2
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Tatsuta Maru arrived at Manila, Philippine Islands.
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19 May 1942
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history
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WW2
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Italian submarine Cappellini sank Swedish ship Tisnaren 600 miles north of Natal, Brazil at 0030 hours; all 40 aboard survived. Sweden was a neutral nation, and Tisnaren had large Swedish flags painted on both sides of the ship.
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19 May 1942
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history
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WW2
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British submarine HMS Thrasher sank Italian merchant ship Penelope 20 miles east of Bari, Italy at 1153 hours.
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19 May 1942
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history
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WW2
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Japanese submarine-based seaplanes conducted a scouting mission over Fiji and Zanzibar.
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19 May 1942
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history
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WW2
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All but 40 of the Polish prisoners at Oflag IV-C prisoners of war camp at Colditz Castle in Germany were transferred to another camp.
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19 May 1942
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history
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WW2
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198 British bombers (105 Wellington, 31 Stirling, 29 Halifax, 15 Hampden, 13 Lancaster, and 4 Manchester aircraft) attacked Mannheim, Germany; most bombs would miss the target. 11 bombers were lost on this attack.
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19 May 1942
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history
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WW2
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Alexander Löhr was mentioned in the Wehrmachtbericht daily radio report.
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19 May 1942
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history
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WW2
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US Navy intelligence officer Lieutenant Commander Jasper Holmes arrived at the idea that Midway Atoll could send out a fake message regarding the water distiller breaking down, thus the base desperately needed a supply of fresh water. Holmes' superior Joseph Rochefort gave him the permission to execute this idea in the hopes that the Japanese would pick up this message and provide Rochefort's team a clue on whether the Japanese Navy's reference of AF pointed at Midway Atoll. Rochefort's team also began to find the mention of a new code name, MI, in Japanese messages starting on this date; Rochefort quickly determined it to be the operational code name for the strike on Midway Atoll.
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19 May 1942
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history
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WW2
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Yamato departed Kure, Japan for battle training. The new light carrier Junyo, under Captain Shizue Ishii, almost sidewiped Yamato.
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19 May 1942
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history
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WW2
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Hans-Joachim Marseille shot down a P-40 fighter piloted by Australian Flight Sergeant Ivan Young at 0720 hours near Fort Acroma, Libya and damaged another P-40 fighter. The kill he scored might had actually been scored by his wingman Reiner Pöttgen.
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19 May 1942
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history
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WW2
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A surprise German pincer movement threatened to trap a large contingent of Soviet troops at Izium near Kharkov, Ukraine. Joseph Stalin belatedly granted permission for the troops to withdraw.
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19 May 1942
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history
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WW2
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German bombers attacked Hull, England, United Kingdom.
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19 May 1943
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history
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WW2
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German propaganda chief Joseph Goebbels declared Berlin Judenfrei ("Free of Jews"). In truth, about 2,000 to 3,000 Jews were in hiding in Berlin, while another 18,000 Germans of mixed Jewish heritage were living in Berlin legally.
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19 May 1943
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history
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WW2
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USS Gar reported sinking a Japanese sampan in daylight with her deck gun.
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19 May 1943
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history
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WW2
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In the North Atlantic, as German submarines began to form an attack formation against Allied convoy SC 130, Liberator bombers of No. 120 Squadron RAF pre-emptively struck them, breaking up the attack. The convoy was met by additional 3 frigates and 1 sloop as reinforcement.
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19 May 1943
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history
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WW2
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Sproston was commissioned into service.
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19 May 1943
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history
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WW2
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30 TBF Avenger aircraft of US Marine Scout-Bomber Squadron 143 and US Navy Tropedo Squadron 11 mined waters off Buin, Bougainville, Solomon Islands.
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19 May 1943
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history
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WW2
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USS Pollack sank Japanese ship Bangkok Maru in the Gilbert Islands with three of four torpedoes fired.
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19 May 1943
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history
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WW2
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Robert Johnson engaged in combat with German fighters over Europe.
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19 May 1943
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history
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WW2
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Japanese 3rd Corps gathered at Chayuansi, Hunan Province, China, preparing for a planned offensive. On the Chinese side, Chen Cheng, commanding officer of the Chinese 6th War Area, returned to the region and reassumed command.
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19 May 1943
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history
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WW2
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US B-17F bomber 'Memphis Belle' became the second aircraft to complete 25 combat missions after attacking Kiel, Germany.
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19 May 1943
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history
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WW2
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Fanni Luukkonen was awarded Order of the German Eagle by Adolf Hitler.
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19 May 1943
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history
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WW2
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USS Alabama arrived at Scapa Flow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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19 May 1944
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history
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WW2
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Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Singapore.
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19 May 1944
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history
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WW2
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James Forrestal became the Secretary of the Navy of the United States.
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19 May 1944
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history
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WW2
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Joel Brand of the Hungarian Zionist Relief and Rescue Committee and Gestapo Agent Bandi Grosz (alias Andre Gyorgy) arrived in Istanbul, Turkey to deliver a message for the Allied powers: Germany would spare the lives of 700,000 Hungarian Jews if the Allies would provide Germany with 10,000 trucks, 2 million bars of soap, 800 tons of coffee, 200 tons of cocoa, and 800 tons of tea. The British government concluded that it was a German scheme to install suspicion in the Soviet Union toward the Western Allies.
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19 May 1944
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history
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WW2
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USS Hoe claimed damaging a Japanese ship and sinking another after scoring 2 torpedoes on each of the ships; a total of 10 torpedoes were fired.
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19 May 1944
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history
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WW2
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An Anglo-Indian attack on Naga, India was repulsed with heavy casualties.
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19 May 1944
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history
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WW2
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Three Chinese battalions attacked each other in confusion while assaulting Myitkyina, Burma.
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19 May 1944
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history
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WW2
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Frank Merrill suffered another heart attack.
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19 May 1944
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history
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WW2
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USS Parche attacked a Japanese trawler with her deck gun, scoring no hits.
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19 May 1944
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history
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WW2
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I. von Heider was named the civilian administrator of the Channel Islands.
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19 May 1944
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history
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WW2
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British troops captured the airfield at Aquino outside of Rome, Italy.
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19 May 1944
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history
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WW2
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French Moroccan colonial troops plundered villages near Cassino, Italy.
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19 May 1944
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history
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WW2
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"Barbarigo" naval infantry battalion of Italian Navy reported a strength of 714 men.
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19 May 1944
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history
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WW2
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USS Wasp's aircraft attacked Japanese positions in support of the upcoming Mariana Islands invasion.
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19 May 1944
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history
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WW2
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USS Franklin arrived at San Diego, California, United States.
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19 May 1944
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history
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WW2
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USS Marcus Island embarked aircraft on the west coast of the United States for ferrying to the South Pacific.
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19 May 1944
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history
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WW2
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Submarine Spot was launched at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, California, United States, sponsored by Mrs. A. A. Gieselmann.
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19 May 1945
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history
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WW2
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French troops landed in Syria and Lebanon. Arab nationalists launched protest demonstrations against the landing.
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19 May 1945
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history
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WW2
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Alfred Rosenberg was captured at Flensburg, Germany.
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19 May 1945
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history
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WW2
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Stalin denied that his troops had been arresting Polish leaders for political reasons.
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19 May 1945
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history
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WW2
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US 43rd Division secured the Ipoh dam area north of Manila, Luzon, Philippine Islands. US 25th Division began mopping up operations at Santa, Romblon, Philippine Islands.
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19 May 1945
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history
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WW2
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US 77th Division withdrew near the Ishimmi Ridge at Okinawa, Japan after suffering heavy casualties.
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19 May 1945
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history
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WW2
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272 B-29 Superfortress bombers struck Hamamatsu, Japan.
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19 May 1945
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history
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WW2
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Destroyer Yukikaze arrived at Maizuru, Japan.
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19 May 1945
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history
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WW2
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USS Ray attacked a three-ship Japanese convoy west of Japan, missing with all three torpedoes fired. The Japanese freighters, actually armed Q-ships, fought back with depth charges, forcing Ray to surface. Ray was able to escape on the surface, deck gun firing to discourage pursuit. She claimed that one of the Q-ships were sunk by gunfire.
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19 May 1945
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history
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WW2
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Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru departed Sasebo, Japan.
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19 May 1946
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history
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WW2
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Chinese Nationalist troops captured Siping, Liaobei Province, China.
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19 May 1949
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history
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WW2
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Chen Cheng announced martial law in the Republic of China, which was effectively the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, and other surrounding islands under Chinese control.
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19 May 1971
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history
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RELIGIOUS
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"Godspell" first opened at the Cherry Lane Theater in New York City. The musical by Stephen Schwartz is based on the New Testament Gospel of Matthew, and is still produced by secular and religious theater groups today.
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