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History on the 13th of June

History
Date Text
13 Jun 1525 RELIGIOUS German Reformer Martin Luther, 42, married former nun Katherine von Bora, 26. Their 21-year marriage bore six children. Kate outlived her husband (who died in 1546) by six years.
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13 Jun 1742 RELIGIOUS English founder of Methodism John Wesley wrote in his journal: 'Oh, let none think his labor is lost because the fruit does not immediately appear.'
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13 Jun 1816 RELIGIOUS Birth of Edward F. Rimbault, the English church organist who composed the hymn tune to which is sung 'O Happy Day, That Fixed My Choice.'
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13 Jun 1876 RELIGIOUS The Presbyterian Church in England merged with the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland, in creating a more uniform representation of the Reformed faith in the British Isles.
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13 Jun 1897 RELIGIOUS Birth of Reuben Larson, missionary pioneer who in 1931 (along with Clarence W. Jones) co-founded the World Radio Missionary Fellowship. Since 1969, WRMF has been headquartered in Opa Locka, Florida.
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13 Jun 1910 WW2 Georg von Bismarck joined the German Army and was given the rank of Fahnenjunker. 
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13 Jun 1917 WW2 At midday German Gotha bombers launched from bases in Belgium bombed London, England, United Kingdom, killing 162 civilians and injuring 432. Daily air raids would continue for a month, largely unopposed by the RNAS and Royal Flying Corps. The effect on civilian morale was considerable and damaging, and worker's productivity levels plummeted. The psychological impact was perhaps as damaging to Britain as the loss of life and physical destruction caused by the falling bombs. 
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13 Jun 1918 WW2 Vice Admiral Kazuyoshi Yamaji was named the commanding officer of the Mako naval port at Pescadores islands, Taiwan. 
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13 Jun 1924 WW2 Mussolini used the Blackshirt combat legions to restore order in Italy after the murder of Socialist politician Giacomo Matteotti. 
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13 Jun 1927 WW2 Aviator Charles Lindbergh received a ticker-tape parade down 5th Avenue in New York, New York, United States. 
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13 Jun 1934 WW2 Adolf Hitler and Mussolini met in Venice, Italy; Mussolini later described the German dictator as "a silly little monkey". 
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13 Jun 1937 WW2 During the night, most of the civilian inhabitants of Bilbao, Spain were evacuated by the Basque forces. 
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13 Jun 1938 WW2 Japanese troops captured Anqing, Anhui, China. 
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13 Jun 1939 WW2 Stanley Page Moseley was named the commanding officer of USS Pollack. 
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13 Jun 1939 WW2 The US Navy carrier USS Saratoga completed a two day trial of underway refueling tests with the fleet tanker Kanawha. These sea replenishment techniques greatly extended the range of the US carrier force and proved invaluable for later operations in the Pacific War. 
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13 Jun 1940 WW2 After sundown and through until the next morning, Orion laid mines off Auckland, New Zealand. 
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13 Jun 1940 WW2 At dawn, 0243 hours, 15 British Fleet Air Arm Skua aircraft from HMS Ark Royal dive bombed German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau at Trondheim, Norway. Scharnhorst was hit by a 500-pound bomb, but it failed to explode. 8 Skua aircraft were shot down; 6 airmen were killed and 10 were taken prisoner. The remaining 7 aircraft returned to Ark Royal at 0345 hours. Nearby, Ark Royal's escorting destroyers HMS Antelope and HMS Electra collided in fog; both sustained damage that would take them out of action until Aug 1940. 
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13 Jun 1940 WW2 British submarine HMS Odin attacked Italian cruisers Fiume and Gorizia. Odin was sunk by destroyers Strale and Baleno, killing the entire crew of 56. It was the first naval skirmish in the Mediterranean Sea. 
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13 Jun 1940 WW2 German submarine U-25 sank British armed merchant cruiser HMS Scotstoun 80 miles west of Outer Hebrides, Scotland, killing 7. 345 survivors were rescued by British destroyer HMS Highlander and would be landed at the Clyde on 14 Jun. 
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13 Jun 1940 WW2 Rear Admiral William F. Halsey, Jr. relieved Vice Admiral Charles A. Blakely as Commander Aircraft, Battle Force of the US Navy on board carrier USS Yorktown at Lahaina Roads, Maui, US Territory of Hawaii. Halsey received the temporary rank of vice admiral for this assignment. 
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13 Jun 1940 WW2 William Halsey was promoted to the rank of vice admiral. 
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13 Jun 1940 WW2 Maxime Weygand declared Paris, France an open city. Italian aircraft attacked the naval base at Toulon, France. British Prime Minister Churchill flew to Tours, France for what would become the last meeting of the Supreme War Council. Both Britain and France now acknowledged that defeat would be imminent. Churchill encouraged the French to withdraw to North Africa to continue the fight; his French counterpart Reynaud, however, said that France would like to secure Britain's permission to seek an armistice; Churchill refused the request. 
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13 Jun 1940 WW2 Soviet troops began amassing on the borders of Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania. 
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13 Jun 1940 WW2 The American armed vessel Eastern Prince, first of her kind, set sail for Britain. 
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13 Jun 1940 WW2 The battleship USS North Carolina was launched at the New York Navy Yard in Brooklyn, New York, United States. 
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13 Jun 1941 WW2 The Soviet news agency TASS denied any German threat and labeled such rumors as hostile propaganda. Meanwhile, those in the Baltic States who might support such a German invasion were arrested. 
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13 Jun 1941 WW2 Luftwaffe bombers conducted a raid on the British naval base at Chatham, England with little effect. 
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13 Jun 1941 WW2 Vichy French troops held up the Australian 7th Division at Jezzine in southern French Mandate of Syria and the Lebanon. 
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13 Jun 1941 WW2 Australian Private James Gordon won the Victoria Cross medal for single-handedly neutralizing a French machine gun post while fighting in the French Mandate of Syria and the Lebanon. 
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13 Jun 1941 WW2 German submarine U-77 sank British ship Tresillian 300 miles off Newfoundland, Canada at 0545 hours; all 46 aboard survived and rescued by US Coast Guard cutter Duane. 
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13 Jun 1941 WW2 German submarine U-107 sank Greek ship Pandias 300 miles north of the Azores islands at noon; 11 were killed, 23 survived. 4,894 tons of coal and 1,050 tons of military equipment, including 11 crated Spitfire fighters, originally destined for Alexandria, Egypt for the Allied troops, were lost. 
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13 Jun 1941 WW2 Italian submarine Brin sank British ship Djurdjura (33 killed, 5 survived) and Greek ship Eirini Kyriakides (entire crew of 31 killed) of Allied convoy SL75 100 miles east of the Azores islands. 
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13 Jun 1941 WW2 German heavy cruiser Lützow, light cruiser Emden, light cruiser Leipzig, and destroyers passed through the Skagerrak between Denmark and Norway. Despite aerial cover by Bf 110 fighters, a British force of Beaufort torpedo bombers with fighter escort was still able to get through and attack, damaging Lützow with a torpedo hit in the engine room. Lützow was forced to return to Kiel, Germany for repairs. 
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13 Jun 1941 WW2 US Marine Corps Major General Holland M. Smith relinquished command of the 1st Marine Division to become the commanding general of the I Corps (Provisional) attached to the US Navy Atlantic Fleet. The mixed Marine-Army corps was consisted of the 1st Marine Division and the 1st Infantry Division. 
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13 Jun 1941 WW2 Walther von Brauchitsch returned to Berlin, Germany from an inspection of invasion forces in Poland. 
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13 Jun 1942 WW2 USS Saratoga arrived at Pearl Harbor. 
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13 Jun 1942 WW2 USS Hornet arrived at Pearl Harbor. 
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13 Jun 1942 WW2 The United States established the Office of War Information and the Office of Strategic Services. 
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13 Jun 1942 WW2 United States Coast Guard Cutter Thetis attacked German submarine U-157 southwest of Key West, Florida, United States on the surface; after U-157 dove, Thetis dropped depth charge attack, and after several minutes reported debris and oil on floating to the surface from the destroyed U-157. Off Panama, in the Caribbean Sea, U-159 sank US passenger linker Sixaola at 0412 hours; 29 were killed, 201 survived. At 1938 hours, U-159 struck again, sinking US ship Solon; all 53 aboard survived. 
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13 Jun 1942 WW2 Italian submarine Da Vinci sank British collier SS Clan MacQuarrie 650 miles south of Cape Verde Islands; 1 was killed, 89 survived. 
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13 Jun 1942 WW2 German submarine U-83 sank British Q-ship HMS Farouk off Chekka, Syria-Lebanon at 1110 hours; 9 were killed. 
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13 Jun 1942 WW2 Soviet submarine ShCh-405 was lost in the Tiger minefield off Seskar Island, Russia (taken from Finland in 1940) in the Baltic Sea; all 38 aboard were killed. 
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13 Jun 1942 WW2 27 aircraft of Japanese 23rd Air Flotilla from Kendari, Celebes, Dutch East Indies attacked Darwin, Australia. 
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13 Jun 1942 WW2 A Soviet torpedo boat attacked and sank Italian midget submarine CB-5 in the Black Sea off Yalta, Ukraine. 
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13 Jun 1942 WW2 Italian torpedo boat MTSM-210 damaged a Soviet ferry in the Black Sea; German aircraft arrived shortly after to sink the damaged ship. 
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13 Jun 1942 WW2 Tatsuta Maru departed Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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13 Jun 1942 WW2 The first launch of an A4 rocket was achieved at Peenemünde, Germany, but after only 54 seconds the motor cut out and the missile fell into the sea less than a mile from its launch pad. 
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13 Jun 1942 WW2 General Eduard Wagner, Quartermaster General and head of the supply section of the German High Command informed Adolf Hitler that there was a real risk of supplies drying up by mid-September, 1942. Hitler refused to heed the warning which proved to be optimistic - By late July whole units on the Eastern Front were immobilised for days by lack of fuel. 
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13 Jun 1942 WW2 Greek submarines Papanicolis and Triton delivered British Commandos on Crete, Greece; while this new group of arrivals failed to achieve their objectives, a group landed on 10 Jun reached parked German aircraft on this date and destroyed 20 Ju 88 bombers at Heraklion. 
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13 Jun 1942 WW2 USS Enterprise arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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13 Jun 1942 WW2 USS Astoria arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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13 Jun 1942 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Air Group from USS Hornet (Yorktown-class) arrived 
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13 Jun 1942 WW2 Tenryu exited drydock No. 3 at Maizuru Naval Arsenal, Japan. 
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13 Jun 1942 WW2 German 21st Panzer Division, 15th Panzer Division, and 90th Light Division surrounded British troops in the Knightsbridge box near Tobruk, Libya, eventually forcing the British to fall back after sundown. The heavy fighting and the resulting heavy casualties caused the British troops to name this day "Black Saturday". 
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13 Jun 1942 WW2 Hans-Joachim Marseille shot down four P-40 fighters in the El Adem-Gazala area in Libya between 1810 and 1815 hours. Three of his victims were Flight Sergeant Bill Halliday, Flight Sergeant Roy Stone, and Pilot Officer Osborne. 
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13 Jun 1942 WW2 Troops of 16.Regiment of German 22.Luftlande Division attacked Fort Stalin at Sevastopol, Russia at 0300 hours, capturing it by 0530 hours; Germans suffered 32 killed and 126 wounded, and the Soviets 100 killed and 20 captured. In the harbor, German aircraft sank transport Gruzyia, transport TSch-27, patrol boat SKA-092, motor boat SP-40, 5 barges, and a floating crane. 
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13 Jun 1942 WW2 German submarine U-202 landed 4 saboteurs at Amagansett, Long Island, New York, United States in Operation Pastorius. 
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13 Jun 1943 WW2 Lydia Litvyak was made the commanding officer of 3rd Aviation Squadron of Soviet 73rd Guard Fighter Aviation Regiment. 
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13 Jun 1943 WW2 21 B-17 bombers attacked Rabaul, New Britain with 87,000 pounds of bombs before dawn; a J1N1 nightfighter (pilot Senior Flight Petty Officer Shigetoshi Kudo, observer Lieutenant (jg) Akira Sugawara) shot down B-17 bomber "Georgia Peach" at 0326 hours. 
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13 Jun 1943 WW2 A contingent of US Army, US Navy, and US Marine Corps officers were landed at Segi, New Georgia to evaluate possible landing locations for an invasion. 
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13 Jun 1943 WW2 Robert Johnson scored his first kill, a German Fw 190 aircraft of 10 Staffel of JG 26, over Bergues, France. 
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13 Jun 1943 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Part of Composite Squadron 12 (VC-12) arrived on board. 
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13 Jun 1943 WW2 Light carrier Ryuho arrived at Yokosuka, Japan. 
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13 Jun 1943 WW2 The keel of Preston was laid down by Bethlehem Shipbuilding at San Pedro, California, United States. 
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13 Jun 1944 WW2 Shokaku departed Tawitawi to reinforce Saipan. 
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13 Jun 1944 WW2 Yamato departed Batjan, Halmahera at 2200 hours to rendezvous with the Mobile Fleet. 
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13 Jun 1944 WW2 German troops launched a counter attack on Carentan, France. Meanwhile, near Villers-Bocage, Hauptsturmführer Michael Wittmann's lone Tiger tank destroyed 25 tanks and vehicles of the British 7th Armoured Division. 
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13 Jun 1944 WW2 Lieutenant Commander Everett Hartwell Steinmetz was named the commanding officer of USS Pollack. 
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13 Jun 1944 WW2 USS Iowa bombarded Saipan and Tinian, Mariana Islands. 
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13 Jun 1944 WW2 Light carrier Ryuho departed Tawi-Tawi, Mindanao, Philippine Islands. 
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13 Jun 1944 WW2 USS Flier attacked a Japanese convoy in the South China Sea, damaging a tanker with 2 of 4 torpedoes fired; she was subjected to a heavy counterattack. 
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13 Jun 1944 WW2 USS Sterlet arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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13 Jun 1944 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru departed Sasebo, Japan. 
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13 Jun 1944 WW2 USS Luce bombarded Matsuwa (Matua), Kurile Islands. 
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13 Jun 1944 WW2 USS Alabama bombarded Japanese positions on Saipan, Mariana Islands. 
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13 Jun 1944 WW2 USS Wasp's aircraft attacked Japanese positions on Saipan and Tinian in the Mariana Islands. 
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13 Jun 1944 WW2 An A4 rocket fired from Peenemünde to test radio-control gear for an anti-aircraft rocket veered off course and landed 200 miles away in neutral Sweden. Considerable amounts of the rocket were salvaged by the Swedish authorities and later passed on to the British. 
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13 Jun 1944 WW2 Germans launched the first V-1 Flying Bomb attack on England, United Kingdom; only four of the eleven bombs actually hit their targets. 
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13 Jun 1945 WW2 Minoru Ota passed away. 
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13 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Iowa departed waters off Kyushu, Japan for waters off northern Japan. 
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13 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Missouri bombarded Japanese positions on Luzon, Philippine Islands. 
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13 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Flying Fish attacked a Japanese transport in the Sea of Japan; all 6 torpedoes fired missed. 
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13 Jun 1945 WW2 Soviet Politburo ordered trials for a number of war time Polish leaders, including those who headed up the anti-German Home Army. 
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13 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Gunnel started her eighth war patrol. 
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13 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Bergall was damaged by a friendly naval mine. 
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13 Jun 1945 WW2 HMS Colossus arrived at Colombo, Ceylon. 
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13 Jun 1945 WW2 The Seiran aircraft flown by Lieutenant Masuo Egami and Warranty Officer Hisayoshi Kimoto crashed in a mountain on the coast of Nanao Bay, Japan. 
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13 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Ticonderoga arrived at Leyte, Philippine Islands. 
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13 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Wisconsin arrived at Leyte Gulf, Philippine Islands for repairs. 
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13 Jun 1945 WW2 US B-24 bombers based in the Philippine Islands attacked the town of Koshun, Takao Prefecture, Taiwan. Meanwhile, Two B-32 bombers attacked nearby Koshun Airfield. 
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13 Jun 1946 WW2 Mihai Antonescu passed away. 
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13 Jun 1946 WW2 Kichisaburo Nomura stepped down as a Privy Councillor. 
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13 Jun 1949 WW2 Bao Dai was made the Chief of State of Vietnam. 
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