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History on the 16th of June

History
Date Text
16 Jun 1539 RELIGIOUS German Reformer Martin Luther declared: 'Faith justifies not as a work, nor as a quality, nor as knowledge, but as assent of the will and firm confidence in the mercy of God.'
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16 Jun 1654 RELIGIOUS Queen Christina, a convert to Roman Catholicism, abdicated her Swedish throne to devote the remainder of her life to religion and art.
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16 Jun 1752 RELIGIOUS Death of Joseph Butler, Anglican theologian. His 1736 'Analogy of Religion' demonstrated the strong probability for the existence of a caring God over against that of a disinterested Creator Deity.
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16 Jun 1804 RELIGIOUS Anglican missionary to Persia, Henry Martyn wrote in his journal: 'My soul, alas, needs these uneasinesses in outward things, to be driven to take refuge in God.'
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16 Jun 1833 RELIGIOUS Anglican-turned-Catholic Cardinal John Henry Newman, while traveling on a ship from Italy to France, penned the words to the hymn, 'Lead, Kindly Light, Amid the Encircling Gloom.'
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16 Jun 1919 WW2 The victorious powers gave a ultimatum to Germany to agree to the Treaty of Versailles by 24 Jun 1919. 
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16 Jun 1919 WW2 Lewis Puller graduated from the US Marine Corps Officer Candidates School at Quantico, Virginia, United States. 
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16 Jun 1920 WW2 Jean de Lattre de Tassigny was made a Officier of the Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur. 
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16 Jun 1922 WW2 Henry A. Berliner demonstrated a helicopter of his own design at College Park, Maryland, United States, before a US Navy delegation. 
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16 Jun 1924 WW2 The Whampoa Military Academy was founded in China. 
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16 Jun 1928 WW2 Takeji Kawamura was named the governor-general of Taiwan. 
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16 Jun 1933 WW2 Ramón Magsaysay married Luz Banzon in the Philippines. 
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16 Jun 1933 WW2 Franklin Roosevelt signed the National Industrial Recovery Act into law, which provided temporary business stimulation and expanded public works. 
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16 Jun 1936 WW2 Adolf Hitler departed Venice, Italy, returning to Germany. 
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16 Jun 1936 WW2 Heinrich Himmler was named the head of the first German national police force. Prior to this, police forces had always been under the jurisdiction of local states and not the national government. 
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16 Jun 1937 WW2 In Spain the POUM (Parttido Obrero de Unification Marxists) was outlawed and its leaders were arrested. 
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16 Jun 1939 WW2 Captain A. R. M. Bridge suceeded Captain Clement Moody as the commanding officer of HMS Eagle. 
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16 Jun 1940 WW2 Marshal Philippe Pétain became Prime Minister of France when Paul Reynaud's government resigned. 
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16 Jun 1940 WW2 German submarine U-101 sank British merchant ship Willington Star in Bay of Biscay. 
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16 Jun 1940 WW2 The Curie Laboratory in France transferred 410 pounds of Norwegian heavy water to the British. 
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16 Jun 1940 WW2 The Soviet invasion of Latvia and Estonia began. 
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16 Jun 1940 WW2 François Darlan was named the Vichy French Minister of the Navy. 
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16 Jun 1940 WW2 114 Japanese aircraft attacked Chongqing, China after sundown; four I-16 fighters of Chinese 24th Pursuit Squadron rose to intercept, shooting down one bomber near Fuling County near the city, with one fighter shot down by the Japanese. 
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16 Jun 1940 WW2 Germans broke through to Dijon and reach Besancon in France, while continuing a wide assault on the Maginot Line. 
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16 Jun 1940 WW2 57,000 more British troops withdrew from France via Nantes and St. Nazaire. 
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16 Jun 1940 WW2 Major General Erwin Rommel having captured the port of Le Havre, France received a fresh order to take another French Port, Cherbourg, some 150 miles away. 
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16 Jun 1941 WW2 The United States forced the closure of German and Italian consulates, expelling the diplomats. 
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16 Jun 1941 WW2 British unemployment figures for May 1941 was at its lowest, showing 243,656, compared to over 600,000 one year prior. 
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16 Jun 1941 WW2 German troops launched limited counterattacks at British positions in Libya; the attack at British troops at Fort Capuzzo was fought off, but the series of skirmishes toward Hafid Ridge saw many British tanks destroyed by the superior German Panzer III and Panzer IV tanks. At 1600 hours, Erwin Rommel decided to launch a decisive counterattack on the next day. 
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16 Jun 1941 WW2 Vichy French tanks defeated the British Royal Fusiliers battalion which had been surrounded at Quneitra, French Mandate of Syria and the Lebanon; 177 officers and men surrendered at 1900 hours. Further north, Indian and Free French troops advanced toward Damascus. Out at sea, British torpedo bombers sank Vichy French destroyer Chevalier Paul carrying ammunition from Toulon, France. 
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16 Jun 1941 WW2 Winston Churchill received an honorary degree from the Rochester University in New York, United States. In his radio address shortly after receiving this degree, he urged the American people to join the Allies in the fight against Germany. 
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16 Jun 1941 WW2 The US Marine Corps established the 1st Marine Brigade (Provisional) at Charleston, South Carolina, United States under the command of Brigadier General John Marston. The brigade was soon to be transferred to Iceland. 
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16 Jun 1941 WW2 Galeazzo Ciano met with Joachim von Ribbentrop in Venice, Italy. When Ciano asked Ribbentrop about the rumors of a German attack on the Soviet Union, Ribbentrop denied the rumors, but he shared the confidence that, should war really break out, a German victory would be achieved very quickly. 
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16 Jun 1941 WW2 Hans-Joachim Marseille suffered heavy damage with his fighter while in combat in North Africa. Unable to see due to oil-smeared windscreen, he still landed successfully, guided down over the radio by his flight leader Reiner Pöttgen. 
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16 Jun 1942 WW2 The US Congress authorized the funding to increase the US Navy blimp fleet to 200 blimps. 
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16 Jun 1942 WW2 Tatsuta Maru arrived at Jaluit, Marshall islands, and departed for and arrived at Emidji on the same day. 
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16 Jun 1942 WW2 The Royal Canadian Air Force began operating Ventura aircraft. 
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16 Jun 1942 WW2 German submarine U-87 attacked Allied convoy XB-25 25 miles east of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, United States at 0417 hours, sinking British ship Port Nicholson (2 were killed, 85 survived) and US passenger liner Cherokee (86 were killed, 83 survived). 
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16 Jun 1942 WW2 German submarine U-126 sank US ship Arkansan at 0230 hours (4 were killed, 36 survived) and US ship Kahuku at 0320 hours (17 were killed, 46 survived) 70 miles west of Grenada. At 0400 hours, U-67 sank Nicaraguan ship Managua 50 miles north of Matanzas, Cuba; all 25 aboard survived. Elsewhere in the Caribbean Sea, U-161 stopped Dominican sailing boat Nueva Altagracia at 1410 hours, capturing her crew of 8 and her cargo of fruit, and scuttled the boat with charges. 
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16 Jun 1942 WW2 Japanese Imperial Palace envoys visited Isoroku Yamamoto aboard battleship Yamato, bringing him the news that Emperor Showa understood losses (in regards to the devastation suffered at the Battle of Midway) were expected at a time of war and that the emperor was not overly concerned. 
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16 Jun 1942 WW2 ShCh-317 sank Finnish merchant ship Argo east of Stockholm, Sweden. Later on the same day, ShCh-317 attacked Swedish merchant ship Ulla (carrying survivors of Argo) but failed to cause any damage. 
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16 Jun 1942 WW2 ShCh-320 fired two torpedoes at German minesweeper depot ship MRS 12 west of Porkkala, Finland; both torpedoes missed. 
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16 Jun 1942 WW2 U-576 departed Saint-Nazaire, France, starting her fifth war patrol. 
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16 Jun 1942 WW2 An Australia PBY Catalina aircraft arrived at Simberi, New Ireland to pick up coast watcher Cornelius Page, not knowing that Page had gone into hiding eight days prior in response to a Japanese raid. 
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16 Jun 1942 WW2 106 British bombers (40 Wellington, 39 Halifax, 15 Lancaster, and 12 Stirling) were launched to bomb Germany; 16 attacked Essen, 45 attacked Bonn, and others attacked other targets; 8 British bombers were lost on this night. 
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16 Jun 1942 WW2 USS Pollack arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii, ending her third war patrol. 
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16 Jun 1942 WW2 Shokaku entered drydock for battle damage repairs. 
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16 Jun 1942 WW2 Destroyer Yuzuki completed her overhaul at Sasebo, Japan and departed for Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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16 Jun 1942 WW2 Axis troops attacked El Adem and Sidi Rezegh near Tobruk, Libya. 
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16 Jun 1942 WW2 Hans-Joachim Marseille shot down four P-40 fighters over El Adem, Libya between 1802 and 1813 hours, increasing his score to 95 kills. 
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16 Jun 1942 WW2 German submarine U-205 sank British cruiser HMS Hermione, returning to Egypt from her duty escorting the Allied Vigorous convoy, 115 miles north of Sidi Barrani, Egypt at 0019 hours; 87 were killed, 440 survived. 
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16 Jun 1942 WW2 German aircraft and artillery pieces bombarded Fort Maxim Gorky at Sevastopol, Russia, silencing the fort's 12-inch guns. 
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16 Jun 1942 WW2 Winston Churchill departed England, United Kingdom aboard a transport aircraft for the United States. 
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16 Jun 1943 WW2 Major General John Hester announced the date for the New Georgia invasion to be 30 Jun 1943. On the same day, a group of Japanese dive bombers and fighters unsuccessfully attacked American positions in the Russell Islands, Solomon Islands; a large number of the aircraft were destroyed. 
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16 Jun 1943 WW2 B-17 bomber "Old 666", piloted by Captain Jay Zeamer, conducted a camera mapping mission over Bougainville in the Solomon Islands. It was attacked and heavily damaged by fighters of the squadron led by Warrant Officer Yoshio Oki. Zeamer, wounded, would be able to fly the bomber back home; this later won him a Medal of Honor. 
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16 Jun 1943 WW2 Werner Haase was promoted to the rank of SS-Obersturmbannführer. 
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16 Jun 1943 WW2 Light carrier Ryuho departed Yokosuka, Japan for Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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16 Jun 1943 WW2 Destroyer Yukikaze departed Yokosuka, Japan to escort a task force to Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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16 Jun 1943 WW2 Noor Inayat Khan boarded a Lysander aircraft in Britain for France. 
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16 Jun 1944 WW2 V-1 rockets began landing in England, United Kingdom before 0600 hours, with over 240 landing throughout what the Germans called the "Day of Vengeance". 
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16 Jun 1944 WW2 US submarines detected two large Japanese fleets near the Philippine Islands, headed towards the Mariana Islands. 
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16 Jun 1944 WW2 USS Tunny sank a small sampan with gunfire in the Philippine Islands. 
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16 Jun 1944 WW2 Additional German troops began arriving in Finland to counter the recent Soviet offensive. 
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16 Jun 1944 WW2 British Eighth Army captured Foligno and Spoleto, Italy. 
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16 Jun 1944 WW2 USS Bluefish sank a Japanese transport in the Celebes Sea, hitting her with 1 of 3 torpedoes fired. 
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16 Jun 1944 WW2 USS Hawkbill departed New Orleans, Louisiana, United States for the Panama Canal Zone. 
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16 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Tunny sighted life rafts from a Japanese ship that was sunk by USS Bonefish; from the survivors she captured a chief petty officer for interrogation. 
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16 Jun 1945 WW2 The Fletcher-class destroyer USS Twiggs was sunk by a Japanese special attack aircraft off Okinawa, Japan. 
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16 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Wake Island was removed from the front lines at Okinawa, Japan. 
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16 Jun 1945 WW2 Lavrentiy Beria gathered the conclusive evidence of Adolf Hitler's death and reported this to Joseph Stalin. 
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16 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Springer arrived at Saipan, Mariana Islands. 
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16 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Capitaine rescued five survivors of a sunken Japanese merchant ship. 
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16 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Columbia arrived at Leyte, Philippine Islands. 
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16 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Ray arrived at Midway Atoll, ending her seventh war patrol. 
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16 Jun 1946 WW2 USS Macabi was decommissioned from service. 
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16 Jun 1946 WW2 Allied repatriation ship Hikawa Maru arrived in Otaka, Japan and disembarked personnel. 
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