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History on the 18th of June

History
Date Text
18 Jun 1464 RELIGIOUS Pius II led a brief 'crusade' into Italy, against the Turks. However, he soon became ill and died, before the rest of his allies arrived. Soon after, the three-centuries-old 'crusades mentality' among European Christians came to an end.
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18 Jun 1781 RELIGIOUS The first Baptist church established in Kentucky was organized at Elizabethtown. (Kentucky was first visited by Baptist missionaries in 1772 when Squire Boone, brother of explorer Daniel Boone, began exploring the eastern Kentucky regions.)
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18 Jun 1819 RELIGIOUS Birth of Samuel Longfellow, an American clergyman who composed the words to the hymn, 'Father, Give Thy Benediction.'
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18 Jun 1830 RELIGIOUS Birth of Elizabeth Cecilia Clephane, an orphaned Scottish poet who penned two of the most haunting hymns in the English language: 'Beneath the Cross of Jesus' and 'The Ninety and Nine.'
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18 Jun 1906 RELIGIOUS Birth of Gordon Lindsay, missions pioneer. In 1948 Lindsay and he wife Freda founded Christ for the Nations, an interdenominational foreign missions support agency.
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18 Jun 1916 WW2 German pilot Oberleutnant Max Immelmann, "The Eagle of Lille", was killed when his Fokker E.III aircraft was shot down by a British Fe.2b aircraft of No. 25 Squadron RFC flown by Second Lieutenant McCubbin and Corporal J. H. Walker. 
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18 Jun 1918 WW2 British Major General Maynard and his command embarked on the ship City of Marseilles at Newcastle, England, United Kingdom for Russia. 
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18 Jun 1918 WW2 Robert Greim achieved his 15th kill over France. 
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18 Jun 1918 WW2 Carrier Eagle was towed to Armstrong-Whitworth's High Walker yard on the Tyne River in England, United Kingdom for fitting out. 
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18 Jun 1930 WW2 Nobutake Kondo was attached to the Navy General Staff. 
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18 Jun 1932 WW2 Joseph Rochefort received the order to detach from the United States Embassy, effective 4 Oct 1932. 
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18 Jun 1932 WW2 Rear Admiral Toyonaka Yamauchi was named the commanding officer of the Mako naval port at Pescadores islands, Taiwan. 
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18 Jun 1934 WW2 Farragut was commissioned into service. 
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18 Jun 1935 WW2 The Anglo-German Naval Agreement was signed, limiting the German Navy to 35% of the British Navy. 
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18 Jun 1936 WW2 Pinghai completed the fitting of weapons at Aioi, Japan. 
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18 Jun 1937 WW2 General Mariano Gamir Ulibarri and his troops abandoned Bilbao, Spain. 
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18 Jun 1938 WW2 Adolf Hitler ensured his military leaders that there was no danger of a pre-emptive attack by the British over the matter of Czechoslovakia. 
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18 Jun 1938 WW2 Rensuke Isogai was named the chief of staff of Kenkichi Ueda (Japanese Kwantung Army in northeastern China). 
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18 Jun 1938 WW2 Joseph Rochefort was assigned to heavy cruiser New Orleans as the navigator. 
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18 Jun 1940 WW2 The German 7th Panzer Division under Rommel advanced another 75 miles since the prior date, reaching Cherbourg, France but not before most of the Allied personnel had already evacuated the city; also on this date, Le Mans, Belfort, Metz, and Dijon fell under German control. Elsewhere, the Allies completed the Operation Ariel evacuation of La Pallice and Saint-Nazaire, but all the heavy equipment were left behind in the latter location. 
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18 Jun 1940 WW2 Sweden allowed passage of German troops between Oslo, Norway, and Trelleborg, Sweden, on Swedish rail lines, with the only demand being that the number of troops coming from Germany must equal to the number being evacuated, so that it could not be said that Sweden was helping Germany reinforce the front lines. 
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18 Jun 1940 WW2 Charles de Gaulle made the "Appeal of June 18" speech, asking the French people to resist German occupation. 
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18 Jun 1940 WW2 In Brest, French cruisers El Djezair, El Kantara, El Mansour, Ville d'Oran, and Ville d'Alger departed 1,200 tons of French gold for Casablanca, French Morocco while the cruiser Victor-Schoelcher transported 198 tons of Belgian gold (originally held in French banks) from Lorient to the port of Dakar in French West Africa; the French gold would arrive in Casablanca on 21 Jun 1940, but the Belgian gold would be captured by the Germans. 
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18 Jun 1940 WW2 German submarine U-28 sank Finnish ship Sarmatia southwest of Ireland. 
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18 Jun 1940 WW2 German submarine U-32 sank Spanish trawler Sálvora, Spanish trawler Nuevo Ons, and Norwegian ship Altair southwest of Ireland. 
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18 Jun 1940 WW2 US Secretary of State Cordell Hull directed Deputy US Ambassador to France Anthony J. Drexel Biddle, Jr. to inform the French government that if France failed to keep its fleet out of German hands, France would "permanently lose the friendship and goodwill of the Government of the United States". French Minister for Foreign Affairs Baudouin reiterated that the French fleet "would never be surrendered to Germany". 
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18 Jun 1940 WW2 US Minister in Uruguay Edwin C. Wilson reported that Uruguayan government had arrested eight Nazi leaders and that Uruguay's Chamber of Deputies, in secret session the day before, had begun considering a report on Nazi Party activities in their country. 
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18 Jun 1940 WW2 Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini met in Munich, Germany to discuss the French peace request. 
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18 Jun 1940 WW2 British Prime Minister Winston Churchill made the "the Battle of France is over... I expect that the Battle of Britain is about to begin" speech before the House of Commons. "Let us therefore brace ourselves to our duties, and so bear ourselves that, if the British Empire and its Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will still say, 'This was their finest hour'." On the same day, Churchill wrote to the Commander-in-Chief Home Forces asking for ideas for the creation of "Storm Troops" to be "ready to spring at the throat of any small landing or descent"; secretly he intended to use such a force as the basis for Commando raids on the continent. 
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18 Jun 1940 WW2 The British War Office placed an order for 300 Canal Defence Light (CDL) tanks, Matilda tanks mounting a large searchlight in the turret that had been suggested by a Mr. Mitzakis in September 1939. 
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18 Jun 1941 WW2 British press reported details of development of radiolocation technology (later more popularly known by its American acronym RADAR) and its use in Battle of Britain. 
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18 Jun 1941 WW2 The keel for the civilian ship Steel Architect was laid down at Tacoma, Washington, United States by Todd Pacific Shipyards. 
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18 Jun 1941 WW2 German submarine U-552 sank British ship Norfolk 150 miles northwest of Ireland at 0438 hours; 1 was killed, 70 survived. 
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18 Jun 1941 WW2 British destroyers HMS Faulknor, HMS Fearless, HMS Forester, HMS Foresight, and HMS Foxhound sank U-138 with depth charges 100 miles west of Gibraltar; all 27 German crew members of U-138 survived and were all taken prisoner. 
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18 Jun 1941 WW2 Hans-Joachim Marseille was granted medical leave; he would depart Libya for Berlin, Germany shortly. 
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18 Jun 1942 WW2 American bombers raided Japanese shipping in Kiska harbor in the Aleutian Islands, sinking fleet tanker Nissan Maru. 
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18 Jun 1942 WW2 Tatsuta Maru arrived at Taroa, Marshall Islands. 
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18 Jun 1942 WW2 USS S-28 fired on a Japanese destroyer but it failed to hit the target. She was attacked by the destroyer with depth charges but it caused no damage. 
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18 Jun 1942 WW2 Robie Ellis Palmer was named the commanding officer of USS Pollack. 
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18 Jun 1942 WW2 German submarine U-124 attacked Allied convoy ONS-102 with 6 torpedoes 500 miles east of Newfoundland at 0622 hours, seriously damaging US ship Seattle Spirit (4 were killed, 51 survived), which was later scuttled by Canadian corvette HMCS Agassiz with gunfire. 
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18 Jun 1942 WW2 German submarine U-159 sank Dutch ship Flora 12 miles off Colombia at 0245 hours; all 37 aboard survived, but one of them would die before reaching land. At 0500 hours, U-172 sank British tanker Motorex with gunfire 80 miles off Panama in the Caribbean Sea; 1 was killed, 20 survived. 
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18 Jun 1942 WW2 British destroyer HMS Albrighton, gun boat SGB 7, and gun boat SGB 8 attacked a German convoy in the Baie de la Seine off France; SGB 7 sank one German supply ship with a torpedo, but was destroyed by a counterattack (4 were killed; 7 were survivors captured). 
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18 Jun 1942 WW2 Italian midget submarine CB-2 sank a Soviet submarine in the Black Sea; according to Soviet sources, the victim was ShCh-213, but according to Italian sources, the victim was ShCh-306. 
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18 Jun 1942 WW2 The first Allied air photographic reconnaissance mission over Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands was conducted by US 435th Bombardment Squadron. 
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18 Jun 1942 WW2 Axis troops captured the supply road between Bardia and Tobruk in Libya; to the west, Axis troops captured RAF Gambut 40 miles west of Tobruk. 
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18 Jun 1942 WW2 Hans-Joachim Marseille boarded a Ju 52 aircraft at Benghazi, Libya for Naples, Italy, where he was to transfer to Rome, Italy for his final destination of Berlin, Germany. 
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18 Jun 1942 WW2 German 132nd Infantry Division attacked Soviet Coastal Battery No. 12 near Sevastopol, Russia at 1100 hours, capturing it by 1900 hours. Nearby, German 24th Infantry Division overran Soviet defenses at Bartenyevka. At the docks, Italian torpedo boats performed a raid, damaging landing craft. Out at sea, destroyer leader Kharkov was damaged by German aircraft. 
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18 Jun 1942 WW2 German submarine U-584 landed four German saboteurs at Ponte Vedra Beach near Jacksonville, Florida, United States; the four men would soon board trains for Chicago, Illinois and Cincinnati, Ohio. 
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18 Jun 1943 WW2 The word RADAR, from Radio Detection and Ranging, was made the official British name for the technology. 
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18 Jun 1943 WW2 USS Gar began her eighth war patrol. 
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18 Jun 1943 WW2 Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller was awarded the German Cross in Gold. 
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18 Jun 1943 WW2 Naka arrived at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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18 Jun 1943 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: More of Photographic Squadron 3 (VD-3) on board. 
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18 Jun 1943 WW2 Two men of Italian Air Force Assault Engineer Battalion penetrated into Benina airfield in Libya and destroyed two B-24 and two Wellington aircraft; both men were captured after the mission. 
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18 Jun 1943 WW2 Jürgen Stroop was awarded Iron Cross 1st Class at Lazienki Park, Warsaw, Poland. 
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18 Jun 1943 WW2 Aircraft designer Clarence Johnson met with Lockheed President Robert Gross and chief engineer Hal Hibbard at the company's headquarters in Burbank, California, United States. Johnson informed the two that US Army Air Force representatives from Wright Field had requested Lockheed to design a jet fighter. 
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18 Jun 1944 WW2 Carrier Shokaku sailed in company with flagship Taiho and sister ship Zuikaku for the Mariana Islands. 
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18 Jun 1944 WW2 US First Army isolated Cherbourg, France. 
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18 Jun 1944 WW2 US 83rd Infantry Division arrived in Normandy, France. 
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18 Jun 1944 WW2 USS Mingo departed Manus, Admiralty Islands for her fourth war patrol. 
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18 Jun 1944 WW2 Gurkha troops of the Chindits made contact with Chinese troops at the village of Lakum in northern Burma. 
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18 Jun 1944 WW2 In China, the strategic city of Changsha, 200 miles south of Hankou, fell to the Japanese, having successfully defied them three times before. 
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18 Jun 1944 WW2 British No. 617 Squadron attacked the 20-foot thick concrete dome containing V-2 rockets at Wizernes, France without success. They would return to this target on multiple occasions in the following month. 
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18 Jun 1944 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Part of Air Group 11 arrived on board. 
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18 Jun 1944 WW2 British troops captured Assisi, Italy. 
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18 Jun 1944 WW2 A V-1 rocket struck the Guards Chapel across from Buckingham Palace in London, England, United Kingdom during worship services, killing 119. 
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18 Jun 1944 WW2 Winston Churchill impressed on Dwight Eisenhower that there must be no change of plans as a result of the V-1 attacks; London and the South-east would endure the bombardment as long as was necessary. 
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18 Jun 1944 WW2 Submarine Chub was launched at Groton, Connecticut, United States, sponsored by Mrs. T. A. Risch. 
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18 Jun 1945 WW2 While inspecting the front lines at Okinawa, Japan, Simon Buckner was killed by shrapnel. 
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18 Jun 1945 WW2 Japanese resistance on Mindinao, Philippine Islands ceased. 
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18 Jun 1945 WW2 The British demobilization began. 
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18 Jun 1945 WW2 25 American B-29 bombers laid naval mines in several areas including waters near Kobe, Japan. 
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18 Jun 1945 WW2 The US submarine Bonefish was sunk by Japanese naval vessels in Toyama Wan, Honshu, Japan. 
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18 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Pompon departed Guam, Mariana Islands for her ninth and final war patrol. 
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18 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Hawkbill arrived at Subic Bay, Zambales, Philippine Islands, ending her fourth war patrol. 
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18 Jun 1945 WW2 Douglas MacArthur offered Joseph Stilwell the position as his chief of staff, but Stilwell turned it down, citing that he preferred to command troops. 
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18 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Parche was relieved from her lifeguard station south of Japan. 
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18 Jun 1945 WW2 The US coastal minesweeper YMS-50 was destroyed by the light cruiser USS Denver after striking a Japanese mine during the landings at Balikpapan, Borneo. 
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18 Jun 1945 WW2 General Nikolai Berzarin, the Soviet commander in Berlin, Germany, was killed in a car crash in the city. 
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18 Jun 1945 WW2 Prince Kotohito was given a state funeral in Japan. 
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18 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Guitarro arrived at San Franciso, California, United States. 
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