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History on the 19th of June

History
Date Text
19 Jun 0325 RELIGIOUS The month-long Council of Nicea closed. Known as the first ecumenical council in the history of the Church, it formulated the Nicene Creed and established the method for calculating Easter.
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19 Jun 1566 RELIGIOUS Birth of James VI of Scotland. Upon the death of Elizabeth I in 1603, he ascended the English throne as James I. He is best remembered for authorizing the publication known today as the 'King James Version' (KJV) of the Bible.
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19 Jun 1910 RELIGIOUS In Spokane, Washington, under sponsorship of the Spokane Ministerial Association and the YMCA, Father's Day was observed for the first time.
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19 Jun 1915 WW2 Battleship Arizona was launched from Brooklyn Navy Yard, New York, United States. 
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19 Jun 1918 WW2 Maggiore Francesco Baracca, the leading Italian fighter ace of the war with 34 kills, was killed by Austrian ground fire over the Piave river in northeastern Italy. 
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19 Jun 1933 WW2 Kenkichi Ueda was made the deputy chief of the Japanese Army General Staff. 
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19 Jun 1935 WW2 Xie Jieshi was made the Manchukuo ambassador plenipotentiary to Japan. 
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19 Jun 1937 WW2 Spanish Nationalist forces entered Bilbao, Spain. 
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19 Jun 1939 WW2 The German Army reported that thus far 168 officers had been infiltrated into Danzig in prepration of action. 
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19 Jun 1940 WW2 Households in the United Kingdom received pamphlets with information on what to do in case of invasion. 
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19 Jun 1940 WW2 French ships sought refuge in British ports. 
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19 Jun 1940 WW2 The British Jockey Club announced that horse racing would cease until further notice. 
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19 Jun 1940 WW2 Troops of the German 7th Panzer Division under Rommel shelled fortifications defending the port of Cherbourg, France; Cherbourg surrendered at 1700 hours. On the same day, the 5th Panzer Division captured Brest, but found the port facilities destroyed by Allied personnel who had already been evacuated. Along the coast, Operation Ariel continued, evacuating British, and Polish troops from Saint-Nazaire, La Pallice, Bayonne, Saint-Jean-de-Luz, and Gironde. 
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19 Jun 1940 WW2 British destroyer HMS Kandahar and anti-submarine trawler HMS Moonstone forced Italian submarine Galileo Galilei to surface with depth charges in the Gulf of Aden. Galileo Galilei attempted to fight HMS Moonstone with her deck gun, and HMS Moonstone returned fire, killing the Italian captain. Galileo Galilei was captured and towed to Aden by HMS Kandahar and would be renamed X 2 and would be used for training purposes. 
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19 Jun 1940 WW2 Orion captured Norwegian ship Tropic Sea. 
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19 Jun 1940 WW2 Lord Beaverbrook, the Minster of Aircraft Production, announced that British aircraft production had since 10 May 1940 exceeded losses from all causes. 
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19 Jun 1940 WW2 James Lacey was relocated to the island of Jersey in the English Channel together with the No. 501 (County of Gloucester) Squadron RAF. 
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19 Jun 1941 WW2 The Soviet Union ordered black-outs in all cities along the border with Germany and the camouflaging of airfields, but still did not deploy for defense; the latter order, the camouflaging of airfields, would be scarcely commenced when the invasion took place. 
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19 Jun 1941 WW2 US Consular officials in Germany and Italy were expelled in retaliation to a similar action by the US three days prior. 
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19 Jun 1941 WW2 Indian and Free French troops launched a two-prong attack on Damascus in French Mandate of Syria and the Lebanon from the south. Elsewhere in the region, Vichy French troops held Free French troops at Qadim while the Indian 5th Infantry Brigade became surrounded at Mezze. 
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19 Jun 1941 WW2 Egmont Prinz zur Lippe-Weißenfeld was mentioned in the Wehrmachtbericht bulletin of the headquarters of the German Wehrmacht. 
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19 Jun 1942 WW2 German submarine U-701 sank American patrol craft USS YP-389 5 miles off the North Carolina, United States coast at 0245 hours with her 88-millimeter and 20-millimeter guns, 4 were killed, 21 survived; the engagement was dubbed Battle off Diamond Shoals. 
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19 Jun 1942 WW2 After a staff officer from 23.Panzer Division was shot down carrying complete plans for an offensive in the Caucasus, the commander and chief of staff of German XL Korps were imprisoned on Adolf Hitler's order. The offensive would be launched with no changes to the plan. 
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19 Jun 1942 WW2 US Navy Vice Admiral Ghormley assumed command of the South Pacific Area at Auckland, New Zealand. 
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19 Jun 1942 WW2 US PBY Catalina aircraft discovered 35 survivors from the sunken Japanese carrier Hiryu; USS Ballard was dispatched to rescue them. 
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19 Jun 1942 WW2 German submarine U-107 attacked US sailing vessel Cheerio with gunfire 20 miles west of Puerto Rico at 1102 hours; she was driven off by a US patrol aircraft, but Cheerio would soon sink from the damage; all 9 aboard survived. At 1730 hours, U-159 sank Yugoslavian ship Ante Matkovic with gunfire 20 miles north of Colombia; 6 were killed, 23 survived. 
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19 Jun 1942 WW2 USS S-27 ran aground off Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands at 0043 hours. The crew of 42 destroyed equipment on the submarine and burned classified papers departing the submarine at 1600 hours. 
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19 Jun 1942 WW2 German armed merchant cruiser Thor captured Norwegian tanker Herborg off the western coast of Australia. 
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19 Jun 1942 WW2 ShCh-317 damaged Danish merchant ship Orion northeast of Gotland, Sweden; Orion would be able to be towed to Visby, Gotland for repairs. 
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19 Jun 1942 WW2 Italian torpedo boat MAS-571 sank Soviet submarine ShCh-214 in the Black Sea south of Yalta, Ukraine. 
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19 Jun 1942 WW2 Vice Admiral Shigeyoshi Inoue inspected prospective sites for airfield construction on Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. 
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19 Jun 1942 WW2 194 British bombers (112 Wellington, 37 Halifax, 25 Stirling, 11 Hampden, and 9 Lancaster) attacked Emden and Osnabrück in Germany; 9 bombers were lost. 
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19 Jun 1942 WW2 I-168 arrived at Yokosuka, Japan, took on fuel, and departed for Kure, Japan. 
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19 Jun 1942 WW2 German troops gave chase to retreating British forces in Libya throughout the day. After sundown, the Germans reversed direction and moved westward, intending on striking Tobruk, Libya by surprise on the next day. 
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19 Jun 1942 WW2 Soviet 138th Naval Infantry Brigade launched a failed counterattack against German 22nd Division on the shore of Severnaya Bay near Sevastopol, Russia. 
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19 Jun 1943 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Rabaul, New Britain and departed later on the same day. 
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19 Jun 1943 WW2 RAF bombers attacked the Schneider armaments factory at Le Creusot, France. 
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19 Jun 1943 WW2 USS Gunnel sank Japanese cargo ship Tokiwa Maru in the East China Sea, hitting her with 1 of 6 torpedoes fired She also claimed 1 torpedo hit (of 2 fired) on a Japanese destroyer, but the sinking was not confirmed. 
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19 Jun 1944 WW2 Yamato fired Sanshiki-dan anti-aircraft shells in combat for the first time against incoming aircraft, but it was discovered that they were friendly. 
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19 Jun 1944 WW2 The US Mulberry Harbor at Omaha Beach off Normandy, France was wrecked by a storm. By this date, however, the Allies had 20 divisions ashore in France, while the Germans fielded only 16 in the region. 
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19 Jun 1944 WW2 US carrier aircraft won a decisive victory over their Japanese counterparts in the Mariana Islands, shooting down over 200 planes with only 20 losses in what became known as the Marianas Turkey Shoot, or, officially, Battle of the Philippine Sea. 
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19 Jun 1944 WW2 USS Guitarro arrived at Darwin, Australia. 
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19 Jun 1944 WW2 Following a massive public outcry, US Commander-in-Chief General Dwight Eisenhower announced that he considered the conviction of Leroy Henry to be unsafe due to lack of evidence. Henry, a black truck driver from Missouri, United States, had been accused and sentenced to death by hanging for the supposed knifepoint rape of a white British woman at Combe Down, a suburb of Bath, England, United Kingdom. Henry was sent back to his unit. 
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19 Jun 1944 WW2 USS Guadalcanal's anti-submarine hunter-killer group with the captured German Type IXC submarine U-505 in tow arrived in Bermuda where the U-Boat would remain for the rest of the war to preserve the secret of its capture. 
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19 Jun 1944 WW2 In a report to Gerd von Rundstedt, Erwin Rommel predicted that a further Allied landing could be expected on the English Channel coast of France on both sides of Cap Gris Nez or between the Somme and Le Havre. The landing was to coincide with a general offensive from the Normandy Bridgehead. 
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19 Jun 1944 WW2 Nachi deprated Ominato Guard District, Mutsu, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. 
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19 Jun 1944 WW2 At dawn, Shokaku launched 17 A6M fighters for combat air patrol duties. At 1100 hours, she recovered 10 fighters; while still recovering fighters, at 1122, she was hit by three torpedoes from USS Cavalla on the starboard side; two forward near the switchboard and generator room, one aft of amidships. Large fuel fires were ignited in the hangar and No. 1 boiler room went offline. Shokaku remained underway, but began to list to starboard. Counterflooding over-compensated, giving her a port list. Meanwhile flooding and heat of the fires forced shutting down of the boiler rooms. She continued to settle forward. Though damage control initially hoped to save her, the flooding forward and the fires intensify in the following hours. By 1210 hours she had come to a halt when fires detonate an aerial bomb on the hangar, setting off volatile gases from a cracked forward tank. Large induced explosions wrecked the carrier, and hope began to fade. The list to port and bow trim both increased. At 1350 hours, her strike planes returned, but were ordered away, having to be directed to Zuikaku and Taiho. At this time Captain Matsubara had ordered abandon ship and the crew mustered on the flight deck for flag lowering. However, before the evacuation can proceed far, the bow dipped under and water pours into No. 1 elevator well, causing the carrier to corkscew to port and up-end. She went down by the bow at 1401 hours, stern raised high. Between 1408 and 1411, four underwater explosions were registered. 58 officers, 830 petty officers and men, 376 members of Air Group 601, and 8 civilians were killed, totalling 1,272 deaths. Light cruiser Yahagi and destroyers Urakaze and Hatsuzuki rescued Captain Hiroshi Matsubara among 570 other survivors. 
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19 Jun 1945 WW2 US Army captured Okinawa, Japan. 
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19 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Tunny came across a Japanese cargo ship but was not able to attack due to shallow coastal waters. 
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19 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Wake Island was detached from Task Group 32.1. 
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19 Jun 1945 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Air Group 86 arrived. 
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19 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Columbia departed Leyte, Philippine Islands. 
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19 Jun 1945 WW2 The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet created the Medal for the Liberation of Belgrade for those who participated in the successful Sep-Nov 1944 operation. 
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19 Jun 1945 WW2 14 US Army and US Navy airmen were executed at Taihoku Prison in Taihoku (now Taipei), Taiwan in the early morning. They were found guilty of "indiscriminate bombing" of civilians of Taiwan. Their remains were cremated and their ashes placed a local shrine. 
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19 Jun 1945 WW2 General Dwight Eisenhower received a ticker tape parade at New York City, New York, United States. 
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19 Jun 1946 WW2 USS Spot was decommissioned from service at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, California, United States. 
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19 Jun 1947 WW2 Commander Oliver Bagby became the commanding officer of USS Charr. 
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19 Jun 1977 RELIGIOUS Paul VI canonized John Nepomucene Neumann, the first American-born male saint. As fourth Bishop of the Philadelphia Diocese, Neumann is remembered for developing the parochial school system.
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19 Jun 1987 RELIGIOUS The Supreme Court struck down a Louisiana law requiring public schools to teach creationism if they taught evolutionism. The court ruled that the state law violated the First Amendment.
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