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History on the 27th of June

History
Date Text
27 Jun 1299 RELIGIOUS In his encyclical 'Scimus fili,' Pope Boniface VIII claimed that Scotland owed allegiance to the Catholic Church.
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27 Jun 1739 RELIGIOUS English revivalist George Whitefield wrote in a letter: 'Christ's servants have always been the world's fools.'
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27 Jun 1760 RELIGIOUS English founder of Methodism John Wesley wrote in a letter: 'Every one, though born of God in an instant, yet undoubtedly grows by slow degrees.'
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27 Jun 1844 RELIGIOUS Joseph Smith, founder of the Mormons, and his brother Hyrum were lynched by a mob in Carthage, Illinois, resulting in part from the community's moral outrage at Smith's recent authorization of polygamous Mormon marriages.
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27 Jun 1911 WW2 Omar Bradley received a letter from Congressman William Rucker noting that Bradley could attend an examination for entrance to the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, United States as his secondary appointment. 
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27 Jun 1915 WW1 Begin of Battle of Nasiriyeh
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27 Jun 1917 WW2 A Sopwith Camel single-seat biplane fighter of No.70 Sqn RFC scored the type's first victory over the Western Front in WW1. 
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27 Jun 1917 WW2 Henry Arnold was promoted to the temporary rank of major. 
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27 Jun 1918 WW2 Lenin and Trotsky were outraged by the arrival of British force at Murmansk, Russia under Major General Maynard, especially when it was learnt that one of the Allies intentions was to link up with the Czech Legion. Trotsky ordered Alexei M. Yuryev, the head of the Murmansk Soviet, to immediately break off relations with the Allies, but Yuryev declined to obey on the grounds that Murmansk was totally dependant on the Allies for food and essential supplies. Lenin reacted by ordering 3,000 Bolshevik troops northwards from Petrograd by train to bring the Murmansk area under full Bolshevik military control. Maynard, meanwhile, had set off with his Brigade Major, his adjutant, an intelligence officer and a platoon of British Infantry on a tour of inspection. The two groups met at Kandalaksha. The commander of the Red train was drunk and very belligerent, but while the Russian was still trying to make up his mind what to do, Maynard deployed his troops to give the impression that the Bolsheviks were surrounded by a much larger force than Maynard actually had. The bluff worked and after a lot of hard talking the Bolshevik commander was persuaded to abandon his mission and turn around. Maynard found two more Bolshevik trains at Kem and these too were persuaded to hand over their weapons and turn back. 
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27 Jun 1924 WW2 Omar Bradley was promoted to the rank of major. 
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27 Jun 1933 WW2 The German National Front (formerly the German National People's Party, DNVP) voted to dissolve itself before being compelled to do so by Hitler. 
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27 Jun 1934 WW2 Sepp Dietrich requested the German Reichwehr authorities for arms so that the Liebstandarte could carry out what he called "a secret and most important mission ordered by the Führer" (ie. the slaughter of dissident elements within the SA). 
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27 Jun 1936 WW2 The Hurricane fighter design officially received its "Hurricane" designation. 
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27 Jun 1937 WW2 Pastor Martin Niemöller delivered an outspoken sermon in Berlin, Germany in which he made it clear that a Christian's obligation was to "obey God rather than man". Arrested for anti-state activity he was sentenced to seven months in prison in Mar 1938, after which Hitler had him committed to a Concentration Camp, from which he emerged alive in 1945. 
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27 Jun 1939 WW2 Aircraft of Japanese Army 2nd Air Brigade attacked the Soviet airfield at Tamsagbulag, Mongolia Area, China. Both sides lost several aircraft. 
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27 Jun 1940 WW2 German forces reached the Franco-Spanish border. 
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27 Jun 1940 WW2 German submarine U-47 shelled Norwegian merchant ship Lenda off southwest Ireland at 0400 hours; 1 was killed and 27 survived. At 1700 hours, U-47 shelled Dutch tanker Leticia in the same area; 25 of the crew took to lifeboats, while the other 3 who dove into the water were rescued by U-47 and brought to the lifeboats; the crew of U-47 offered the survivors first aid material, sausages, and wine before leaving. 
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27 Jun 1940 WW2 Romania ceded Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union. 
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27 Jun 1940 WW2 US President Roosevelt declared a national emergency and re-invoked the Espionage Act of 1917 to control shipping in American waters and in waters near the Panama Canal Zone. On the same day, he also established the National Defense Research Committee under chairman Vannevar Bush to coordinate the development of war related sciences and technologies. 
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27 Jun 1940 WW2 Heavy cruiser USS Wichita, with Commander Cruiser Division Seven Rear Admiral Andrew C. Pickens aboard, departed Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 
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27 Jun 1940 WW2 Destroyer USS O'Brien arrived at Rio Grande du Sol, Brazil. 
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27 Jun 1940 WW2 The escaping French battleship Jean Bart, which had been fitting out at Saint-Nazaire when France fell, reached safety at Casablanca, French Morocco. 
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27 Jun 1940 WW2 Despite Admiral Darlan's previous assurances that French ships would not fall into German hands, the British War Cabinet ordered the Royal Navy to seize or destroy all French warships in British and North African ports. In turn, Vice Admiral Sir James Somerville was ordered to take the newly-formed Force H to Algeria. 
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27 Jun 1940 WW2 The keel for battleship Iowa was laid down at the Brooklyn Naval Shipyard in New York, United States. 
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27 Jun 1941 WW2 German troops captured Bobruisk in Byelorussia and Przemysl in Poland. 
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27 Jun 1941 WW2 Hungary declared war on the Soviet Union. 
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27 Jun 1941 WW2 British bombers attacked Bremen, Germany. 
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27 Jun 1941 WW2 In Kaunas, Lithuania, a group of Lithuanian nationalists gathered more than 50 Jewish men in a horse stable and beat them violently with iron bars in public view. None of the victims survived the Lietukis Garage Massacre. 
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27 Jun 1941 WW2 Joseph Stalin gave permission to military tribunals to give out death sentences to members of the Red Army without his personal approval. 
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27 Jun 1941 WW2 The US Federal Bureau of Investigation raided the offices of the Socialist Workers Party in Minneapolis and St. Paul in Minnesota, United States, seizing large quantities of Communist literature. 
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27 Jun 1941 WW2 The Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia appointed Tito as Commander-in-Chief of the Yugoslavian Peoples Army. 
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27 Jun 1942 WW2 Dr. Heinisch, the German administrator in the Przemysl area in occupied Poland, declared that anyone interfering with the deportation, looting Jewish homes, or helping Jews hide would be shot. 
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27 Jun 1942 WW2 Allied convoy PQ-17 under Commodore J. C. K. Dowding sailed from Hvalfjord, north of Reykjavik, Iceland, where it had assembled. One ship grounded on leaving harbour and another was damaged by ice in the Denmark Strait, so the convoy that set course for Arkhangelsk, Russia comprised 33 ships plus a tanker, escorted by six destroyers, two anti-aircraft ships, four corvettes, three minesweepers, four trawlers and two submarines; which it was hoped would discourage enemy attacks. On the same date, convoy QP-13 set sail from Arkhangelsk, Russia; it was consisted of 35 merchant ships and was escorted by 3 destroyers, 1 minesweeper, 4 corvettes, 1 anti-aircraft vessel, and 2 trawlers. 
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27 Jun 1942 WW2 German submarine U-404 sank Norwegian ship Moldanger 300 miles southeast of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 14 were killed, 30 survived. 650 miles east of the Virgin Islands, U-153 sank US ship Potlatch; 8 were killed, 47 survived; Potlatch was carrying a cargo of tanks, trucks, and supplies for the British forces fighting in Egypt. 250 miles east of Trinidad, U-128 sank US ship Polybius; 10 were killed, 34 survived. 
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27 Jun 1942 WW2 German submarine U-129 sank Mexican tanker Tuxpam with torpedoes (1 of 2 hit) and her deck gun 50 miles north of Veracruz, Mexico; 8 were killed, 31 survived. 20 miles west of Barbados, U-126 sank Norwegian tanker Leiv Eiriksson at 1055 hours; 4 were killed, 40 survived (2 of the survivors would die of their wounds at a hospital at Barbados). At 1525 hours, U-129 struck again, sinking Mexican tanker Las Choapas with a torpedo also about 50 miles north of Veracruz, Mexico; 4 were killed, 28 survived. 
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27 Jun 1942 WW2 USS Nautilus sank Japanese auxiliary minesweeper Musashi Maru 60 miles south of Tokyo Bay, Japan. 
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27 Jun 1942 WW2 Two Australian Catalina flying-boats, on a night mission over the Lae-Salamaua area of Australian New Guinea lasting four hours, dropped eight 500-pound bombs, twenty 20-pound fragmentation bombs and four dozen empty beer bottles. The beer bottles falling through the air made a screeching sound which helped to terrorise the enemy and spoil his sleep. 
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27 Jun 1942 WW2 German 90th Light Division cut off the Allied forces at Mersa Matruh, Egypt as its troops reached Ras Hawala at 1900 hours. British commander Claude Auchinleck ordered his forces to fall back to Fuka 48 kilometers to the east; the withdraw was conducted with much confusion. German 21st Panzer Division surrounded New Zealand 2nd Infantry Division at Minqar Qaim, Egypt before sundown, but the New Zealand troops would be able to break out of the envelopment after dark with a bayonet charge. 
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27 Jun 1942 WW2 144 British bombers (55 Wellington, 39 Halifax, 26 Stirling, 24 Lancaster) attacked Bremen, Germany, damaging the Atlas Werke and the Korff refinery, killing 7, and wounding 80; 9 bombers were lost on this mission. 
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27 Jun 1942 WW2 The first two of many US Army instructors for the newly established Ramgarh Training Center in India arrived. 
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27 Jun 1942 WW2 Shokaku left drydock. 
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27 Jun 1942 WW2 German Bf 109 fighters misidentified and shot down two friendly He 111 bombers of 8. Staffel of KG 55 over Volchansk, Kharkov Oblast, Ukraine. 
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27 Jun 1942 WW2 Acting on information given by defected saboteur George Dasch, United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents captured two German saboteurs in Chicago, Illinois, United States. The FBI would soon announce to the public the capture of eight German saboteurs. 
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27 Jun 1943 WW2 USS S-28 departed the Puget Sound Navy Yard, Bremerton, Washington, United States for the Aleutian Islands. 
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27 Jun 1943 WW2 British Chiefs of Staff circulated the "German Long-Range Rocket: Evidence Received from All Sources" report with details of German rockets potentially capable of carrying 2 to 8 tons of high explosives. 
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27 Jun 1943 WW2 Heinrich Himmler ordered a new procedure for testing the children born of Eastern European forced laborers; those tested racially inferior were to be left in inadequately-supplied centers for foreign children, where many of whom would die from malnutrition and lack of care. 
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27 Jun 1943 WW2 Companies Q and P of the US Marine Corps 4th Raider Battalion arrived at Segi, New Georgia to join the remainder of the battalion which had already landed six days prior. They were immediately deployed to attack the small naval base at Viru Harbor. 
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27 Jun 1943 WW2 The dams in the Ruhr region of Germany damaged by the 17 May 1943 British raid returned to full capacity. 
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27 Jun 1943 WW2 USS S-35 detected a Japanese freighter in the Kurile Islands but failed to close in on the ship due to the submarine's slow speed. 
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27 Jun 1944 WW2 USS Blenny was commissioned into service Lieutenant Commander W. H. Hazzard in command. 
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27 Jun 1944 WW2 Soviet units captured Orsha, Byelorussia on the Dneiper River, while near Vitebsk German LIII Korps was finally destroyed. 
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27 Jun 1944 WW2 Members of the Polish underground Armia Krajowa sent a messaged to the United Kingdom, noting that their intelligence suggested that the Germans were developing a rocket estimated to be 40 feet (12.2 meters) long and 6 feet (2.7 meters) wide. 
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27 Jun 1944 WW2 HMS Pink (Commander G. V. Legassick) was hit by a torpedo fired from the German submarine U-988 off the Normandy beaches, France, and was so badly damaged that she was declared as a constructive total loss. 
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27 Jun 1944 WW2 USS Guitarro arrived at Frementle, Australia, ending her first war patrol. 
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27 Jun 1944 WW2 USS Seahorse sank Japanese tanker Medan Maru and damage two other ships off Taiwan, hitting them with five of six torpedoes fired. 
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27 Jun 1944 WW2 A Finnish-German offensive east of Lake Leitimojärvi in Finland resulted in failure. 
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27 Jun 1944 WW2 In France, US troops captured Cherbourg while British forces took Hill 112 near Caen. Elsewhere in France, the British 3rd Infantry Division and tanks launched Operation Mitten to seize two German occupied chateaus, la Londe and la Landel; the evening assault was repulsed. 
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27 Jun 1944 WW2 Troops of French Expeditionary Corps arrived at the Orcia River west of Lake Trasimene in Italy. 
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27 Jun 1944 WW2 British bombers attacked San Marino, killing 35. 
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27 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Caiman arrived at Fremantle, Australia, ending third war patrol. 
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27 Jun 1945 WW2 French fighter ace Marcel Albert was appointed Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur. 
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27 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Baya fired six torpedoes at a Japanese vessel in the South China Sea; all torpedoes missed. 
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27 Jun 1945 WW2 HMCS Trillium was transferred to the British Royal Navy. 
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27 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Cero departed Guam, Mariana Islands for her eighth war patrol. 
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27 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Shamrock Bay arrived at San Pedro Bay in the Philippine Islands. 
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27 Jun 1945 WW2 Aleksandr Vadis was made the head of Soviet GSOVG Counterintelligence Directorate and P. I. Ivashutin was made the head of YuGV Counterintelligence Directorate. 
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27 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Tunny set sail for Midway Atoll. 
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27 Jun 1946 WW2 USS Trepang was decommissioned from service and entered the reserves at the Mare Island Navy Yard, California, United States. 
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27 Jun 1947 WW2 Robert Saundby was made a Grand Officer of the Order of Leopold II with Palms by Belgium. 
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27 Jun 1947 WW2 USS Washington was decommissioned from service. 
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27 Jun 1947 WW2 North Carolina was decommissioned from service. 
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27 Jun 1961 RELIGIOUS In England, Arthur Michael Ramsey was enthroned as the 100th Archbishop of Canterbury, the principal see of the Established Church of England.
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