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History on the 28th of June

History
Date Text
28 Jun 1577 RELIGIOUS Birth of Peter Paul Rubens, Flemish painter. His most famous canvasses include 'Descent from the Cross' and 'Erection of the Cross.'
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28 Jun 1851 RELIGIOUS Birth of Eliza E. Hewitt, American Presbyterian church worker and devotional author. Four of her hymns still endure: 'Will There Be Any Stars?', 'More About Jesus I Would Know,' 'When We All Get to Heaven' and 'Sunshine in the Soul.'
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28 Jun 1914 WW2 The Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife were assassinated in the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo. 
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28 Jun 1914 RELIGIOUS Birth of Lester Roloff, American evangelist. In his later years he founded the 'City of Refuge,' a work specializing in reforming children who came from broken homes.
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28 Jun 1915 WW1 Begin of Battle of Gully Ravine
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28 Jun 1919 WW2 The Treaty of Versailles and the Covenant of the League of Nations were signed in Paris, France. 
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28 Jun 1931 WW2 The keel of light cruiser Pinghai was laid down at the Jiangnan Arsenal in Shanghai, China with Chinese Secretary of the Navy Chen Shaokuan in attendence. 
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28 Jun 1934 WW2 Cruiser Köln completed gunnery drills with pocket battleship Deutschland. 
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28 Jun 1934 WW2 Ernst Röhm was relieved of his position as the leader of the Nazi Party SA organization. 
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28 Jun 1934 WW2 Generalleutnant Ewald von Kleist, the German Army Commander in the Silesia region, was alarmed to discover from a local SA commander that both SS and SA units were arming for an attack on each other. 
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28 Jun 1935 WW2 ShCh-313 was launched at Leningrad, Russia. 
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28 Jun 1938 WW2 British Secretary of State for War, Leslie Hore-Belisha, announced in the House of Commons that the two existing Territorial Army anti-aircraft Divisions would be expanded to five, raising their strength from 43,000 to 100,000. These five divisions would be under a Corps Commander with the rank of Lieutenant-General and, at the War Office, there would be another Lieutenant-General with the title of "Deputy Chief of the Imperial General Staff for Anti-Aircraft and Coast Defence". The latter would be responsible for co-ordinating all aspects of organisation and equipment, whilst the former would be responsible for training and the acquisition and siting of guns and searchlight equipment. 
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28 Jun 1939 WW2 The German ambassador in Moscow, Russia met with a very friendly Vyacheslav Molotov. 
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28 Jun 1939 WW2 The British Womens Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF) was formed. 
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28 Jun 1940 WW2 Soviet Union occupied Bessarabia and the Northern Bukovina, ceded by Romania. 
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28 Jun 1940 WW2 General Charles de Gaulle was recognized by the United Kingdom as the leader of Free French forces. 
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28 Jun 1940 WW2 Pope Pius XII offered to be a mediator for the warring powers. 
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28 Jun 1940 WW2 British Blenheim bomber attacked Tobruk in North Africa. Following the raid, Italian Governor-General of Libya Marshal Italo Balbo returned from a reconnaissance flight. Italian anti-aircraft crews, still jumpy from the raid, mis-identified his aircraft for a British bomber and opened fire, killing Balbo. Given Balbo's opposition to Mussolini's alliance with Germany, some believe this friendly fire incident was actually an assassination. 
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28 Jun 1940 WW2 German submarine U-30 sank British ship Llanarth 250 miles west of Brest, France at 0200 hours. 
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28 Jun 1940 WW2 British trawler Castleton became missing in the Orkney Islands in northern Scotland, probably sunk by U-102 which did not return from this patrol. 
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28 Jun 1940 WW2 Stafford Cripps was appointed the British Ambassador to the Soviet Union. 
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28 Jun 1940 WW2 The British Channel Islands were partially evacuated after being demilitarized to minimize casualties to be caused by the imminent German attacks. On the same day, German Luftwaffe aircraft bombed Guernsey and Jersey, killing 33 and injuring 40. 
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28 Jun 1940 WW2 Douglas Bader was named the commanding officer of No. 242 Squadron RAF, flying Hurricane fighters, based at RAF Coltishall at Norwich, England, United Kingdom. 
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28 Jun 1941 WW2 German troops captured Minsk, Byelorussia, encircling 27 Soviet Army divisions in the process. 
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28 Jun 1941 WW2 Albania declared war on the Soviet Union. 
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28 Jun 1941 WW2 Scirè's mission to attack Grand Harbour, Malta was canceled. 
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28 Jun 1941 WW2 Joachim von Ribbentrop sent a message to the Japanese embassy in Berlin, Germany, asking the Japanese to jointly invade the Soviet Union by tearing up the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact and attack Vladivostok, Russia. 
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28 Jun 1941 WW2 The Soviet NKVD, NKGB, and the Chief Prosecutor Office signed a top secret joint order to coordinate the investigation of traitors. 
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28 Jun 1941 WW2 The keel of submarine Whale was laid down at Mare Island Navy Yard in Vallejo, California, United States. 
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28 Jun 1941 WW2 The keel of submarine Wahoo was laid down at Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, California, United States. 
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28 Jun 1942 WW2 Unternehmen Blau, the German summer offensive, began; 3 armies and 11 armored divisions began driving towards the Caucasus Mountains. 
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28 Jun 1942 WW2 Axis forces captured Fuka and Mersa Matruh, Egypt. 
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28 Jun 1942 WW2 The STAVKA relieved Ivan Bagramyan as the chief of staff of the Southwestern Front after the defeat in the Second Battle of Kharkov in Ukraine. 
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28 Jun 1942 WW2 German submarine U-332 sank US ship Raphael Semmes 1,000 miles east of Florida, United States at 1030 hours; 19 were killed, 18 survived. U-203 sank US ship Sam Houston 100 miles northeast of the Virgin Islands at 1538 hours; 8 were killed, 38 survived. U-701 sank US tanker William Rockefeller 50 miles off the coast of North Carolina, United States at 1816 hours; all 50 aboard survived. U-505 sank US ship Sea Thrush 300 miles northeast of the Virgin Islands at 1855 hours; all 66 aboard survived. 
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28 Jun 1942 WW2 German submarine U-154 sank US ship Tillie Lykes 100 miles south of the Dominican Republic at 0350 hours; all 33 aboard were killed.  
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28 Jun 1942 WW2 German submarine U-97 attacked a 3-ship Allied convoy 14 miles southwest of Haifa, Palestine, sinking British ship Zealand (14 were killed, 19 survived) and Greek ship Memas (8 were killed, 17 survived). 
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28 Jun 1942 WW2 USS Stingray attacked a Japanese convoy in the Philippine Sea and sank gunboat Saikyo Maru. 
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28 Jun 1942 WW2 B-17 bombers of US 5th Air Force, based in Australia, attack Rabaul, New Britain and Lae, New Guinea. 
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28 Jun 1942 WW2 USS S-28 arrived at Dutch Habor, US Territory of Alaska, ending her first war patrol. 
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28 Jun 1942 WW2 German bombers damaged Soviet destroyer leader Tashkent in the Black Sea; Tashkent was able to sail to Novorossisk, Russia to receive repairs. 
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28 Jun 1942 WW2 PBY aircraft of US Navy squadron VP-14 attacked Tulagi, Soloman Islands. 
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28 Jun 1942 WW2 Hans-Joachim Marseille received Swords for his Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross medal from Adolf Hitler at Wolfsschanze near Rastenburg, East Prussia, Germany. He also received Oak Leaves for his Knight's Cross, an award he had won earlier in this month. 
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28 Jun 1942 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Air Group from USS Hornet (Yorktown-class) departed 
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28 Jun 1942 WW2 Japanese submarine I-10 sank British merchant ship Queen Victoria in the Mozambique Channel. 
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28 Jun 1942 WW2 Nachi departed Ominato Guard District, Mutsu, Aomori Prefecture, Japan to cover a convoy bound for Kiska, Aleutian Islands. 
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28 Jun 1942 WW2 Before dawn, Italian torpedo boats staged a fake landing at Cape Fiolent south of Sevastopol, Russia as a diversion from the preparations for a major offensive north of the city. 
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28 Jun 1942 WW2 Gruppe von Weichs of the German Army attacked on a 90-mile front in Russia with its left south of Orel and its right on Oboyan. Colonel-General Maximilian von Weichs sent in his own 2nd Army, the 4th Panzerarmee (Colonel-General Hermann Hoth), and the Hungarian 2nd Army (Colonel-General Gusztáv Jany), in all 23 divisions, including three Panzer and two motorised. 
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28 Jun 1942 WW2 The British Royal Navy Home Fleet (carrier HMS Victorious, battleship HMS Duke of York, with cruisers and destroyers), reinforced by US battleship USS Washington, departed from Scapa Flow, Scotland, United Kingdom to provide distant cover for Allied convoy PQ-17 sailing from Iceland to Arkhangelsk, Russia. 
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28 Jun 1942 WW2 German bombers attacked Weston-super-Mare in southwestern England, United Kingdom, killing 102 and wounding 400; German intelligence had incorrectly determined that Winston Churchill was at Weston-super-Mare this night. 
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28 Jun 1942 WW2 Robert Johnson completed advanced flying training at Kelly Field, Texas, United States. 
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28 Jun 1943 WW2 Köln, Germany was bombed by British aircraft, heavily damaging the cathedral. About 4,000 were killed and 1,500 were wounded. 
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28 Jun 1943 WW2 USS Tunny fired three torpedoes at a Japanese gunboat and dove to escape depth charge attacks from a nearby anti-submarine trawler. She observed two explosions. 
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28 Jun 1943 WW2 USS Scorpion was ordered to sail for the Yellow Sea. 
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28 Jun 1943 WW2 Destroyer Yukikaze arrived at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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28 Jun 1943 WW2 Naka arrived at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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28 Jun 1943 WW2 A Royal Air Force reconnaissance aircraft conclusively identified German long-range rocket launch sites on Peenemünde, Germany. 
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28 Jun 1943 WW2 Irako departed Yokosuka, Japan at 1730 hours with convoy No. 3628 with transport Hakusan Maru, escorted by destroyer Ikazuchi. 
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28 Jun 1944 WW2 German 9.Armee became surrounded after Soviet forces captured Mogilev, Byelorussia and crossed the Berezina River. 
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28 Jun 1944 WW2 French resistance fighters killed Minister of Information and local Milice leader Phillipe Henriot. Milice leader in Lyon, Paul Touvier, was ordered to conduct reprisal killings. 
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28 Jun 1944 WW2 Communist-sponsored Hungarian-language Radio Kossuth announced that 200,000 Hungarian Jews had been killed in the past few months. 
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28 Jun 1944 WW2 The British War Cabinet approved a memorandum by the Lord Chancellor which included a note that Britain would gather evidence of German atrocities against Jews only in occupied countries but not within Germany itself, for atrocities committed domestically did not constitute war crimes. 
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28 Jun 1944 WW2 USS Gar reported sinking a Japanese ship in daylight with her deck gun. 
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28 Jun 1944 WW2 Ioshima received orders to move to the front. 
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28 Jun 1944 WW2 Karl Lennart Oesch ordered Finnish troops to fall back to the Vakkila-Ihantalajärvi-Kokkoselkä-Noskuanselkä Line in Finland. Soviet troops pursued the withdrawing Finns and caused heavy casualties. 
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28 Jun 1944 WW2 In the morning, British 3rd Infantry Division and tanks captured two German occupied chateaus, la Londe and la Landel, in France during Operation Mitten; the operation cost at least three British tanks and 268 men; historian Terry Copp had described the fighting for these chateaus as the "bloodiest square mile in Normandy". On the same day, German defenses halted Operation Epsom near Caen, France. 
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28 Jun 1945 WW2 29 American B-29 bombers laid naval mines in three harbors, including Kobe, Japan. 
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28 Jun 1945 WW2 General MacArthur announced the end of Japanese resistance throughout the Philippine Islands. 
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28 Jun 1945 WW2 The US War Department ordered 150 million incendiary bombs, amounting to some 850,000 tons, to be employed over the next twelve months against Japanese industrial targets. 
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28 Jun 1945 WW2 Freighter USS Antares spotted a periscope and wake 100 yards from her starboard quarter off Saipan, Mariana Islands at 1329 hours. A hard maneuver to the starboard side avoided the torpedo, but the crew soon spotted a kaiten human-piloted torpedo approaching from the port side. At 1331, the freighter began firing at the kaiten, hitting it with the 2-inch gun and destroying it. At 1344 hours, another periscope was spotted; her guns opened fire on it, but the Japanese submarine I-36 would be able to dive and flee the area. 
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28 Jun 1945 WW2 Dong Zhao was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general. 
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28 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Columbia arrived off Balikpapan, Borneo to escort minesweepers. 
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28 Jun 1945 WW2 Joseph Stalin ordered the planning for war with Japan, adding that "ll preparations were to be carried out in the greatest secrecy" as the Soviet Union and Japan were still engaged in neutrality with each other per the 1941 pact. 
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28 Jun 1946 WW2 USS Puffer was decommissioned from service, but would be periodically used to train personnel of the US Navy Reserve. 
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28 Jun 1946 WW2 Hans Fritzsche denied all accusations against him while in court in Nürnberg, Germany. When Roman Rudenko reminded him that he had previously signed a confession, Fritzsche told the court that he had been forced to sign it. 
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28 Jun 1946 WW2 Charles Sweeney, the pilot of Bockscar that dropped the atomic bomb on Nagasaki, retired from the United States Army. 
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28 Jun 1948 WW2 Joseph Rochefort was granted a diploma by the high school he dropped out of in 1918. 
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28 Jun 1962 RELIGIOUS The Lutheran Church in America (LCA) was formed with the merger of four Lutheran synods: the United Lutheran Church in America, the Augustana Evangelical Lutheran Church, the American Evangelical Lutheran Church and the Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Church.
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28 Jun 1971 RELIGIOUS The U.S. Supreme Court declared that state underwriting of nonreligious instruction in parochial schools was unconstitutional.
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27th June 29th June
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