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History on the 3rd of July

History
Date Text
03 Jul 1918 WW2 The British War Cabinet recommended that an additional 5,000 troops be sent to northern Russia to reinforce General Poole's command; this force was to advance from Archangel southwards to the rail junction at Vologda to link up with Czech corps to form a rallying point for the Russian attempting to stop the Germans. The Supreme War Council gave its approval to the plan. Britain agreed to send 1,200 troops, the French government consented to provide a battalion of Colonial Infantry and the US government agreed to send troops to guard military stores (although a suggestion that the US should provide an Infantry Brigade was refused). 
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03 Jul 1923 WW2 Josef Stroop married Katharina B., the daughter of a minister from the Protestant Church of Lippe. 
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03 Jul 1928 WW2 Heinrich Himmler married Margarete Boden. 
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03 Jul 1929 WW2 During "Parasite" experiments Lieutenant A. W. Gordon successfully hooked his Vought VO-2 observation biplane onto the airship USS Los Angeles. 
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03 Jul 1934 WW2 At a German cabinet meeting a law was agreed that murder without trial was lawful if done for the defence of the state. 
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03 Jul 1934 WW2 The French Army issued an order for 92 AMR 35 light tanks. 
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03 Jul 1934 WW2 In his Order of the Day, German Minister of War Werner von Blomberg praised Adolf Hitler's soldierly decision and the exemplary courage used to wipe out traitors and mutineers of the Nazi Party SA organization. 
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03 Jul 1938 WW2 French colonial troops of Vietnamese ethnicity occupied the Paracel Islands (Chinese: Xisha Islands) in the South China Sea. China and Japan both protested the occupation. 
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03 Jul 1938 WW2 Kenkichi Ueda, Japanaese ambassador to the puppet nation of Manchukuo, arrived in Lushun to dedicate the ground-breaking ceremony of a grand Shinto shrine in Lushun, Liaoning Province, China. 
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03 Jul 1940 WW2 Due to such heavy losses from the Luftwaffe the British suspended all traffic through the English Channel. Meanwhile, the British decided that harbors on the Channel coast and German shipping should be the primary targets of bombing. 
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03 Jul 1940 WW2 Battle of Mers-el-Kébir: At 0545 hours, Vice Admiral James Somerville and his British Royal Navy Force H arrived off of Mers-el-Kébir, Algeria where a power fleet under French Admiral Marcel Gensoul resided. At 1756 hours, after Gensoul refused to surrender, the British fleet opened fire for 10 minutes. The magazine of French battleship Bretagne was hit, sinking her, taking down 977 French sailors. Battleship Provence, battleship Dunkerque, and destroyer Mogador were damaged. In total, 1,297 French sailors were killed and 350 were wounded. After the battle, French battleship Strasbourg, carrier Commandant Teste, and four destroyers were able to escape from Mers-el-Kébir. 
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03 Jul 1940 WW2 General Franz Halder, the German Army Chief of Staff, asked his staff to consider a "military blow" in the east, to keep the Soviet armed forces at arm's length. 
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03 Jul 1940 WW2 At dawn, the British Royal Navy boarded two French battleships, nine destroyers, and a number of other smaller warships that were docked at Plymouth and Portsmouth, England; 3 British and 1 French sailors were killed. 
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03 Jul 1940 WW2 Upon hearing the news of British attacks on French warships, six French cruisers and 4 destroyers left various ports in Algiers for Toulon, France. They were attacked by British Swordfish carrier aircraft from HMS Ark Royal en route, but they would arrive at Toulon on 4 Jul 1940. 
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03 Jul 1940 WW2 German Luftwaffe aircraft bombed Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom. 
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03 Jul 1940 WW2 USS Tautog was commissioned into service. 
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03 Jul 1940 WW2 The British founded the Long Range Desert Group under the command of Acting Brigadier Ralph Bagnold with purpose of long range reconnaissance patrols behind the Italian lines, into Libya, to gather intelligence. 
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03 Jul 1940 WW2 USS Wichita and USS Quincy departed Montevideo, Uruguay for Brazilian waters. 
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03 Jul 1940 WW2 USS O'Brien departed Santos, Brazil, for Pará, Brazil. 
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03 Jul 1940 WW2 British Navy Vice Admiral Sir Andrew Cunnigham demanded the French warships under French Admiral René-Émile Godfroy, docked at Alexandria in Egypt, to surrender. Negotiations would continue until 7 Jul 1940. 
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03 Jul 1940 WW2 USS Phoenix arrived at Balboa, Panama Canal Zone. 
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03 Jul 1940 WW2 Destroyer USS Dickerson departed Bilbao, Spain. 
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03 Jul 1940 WW2 USS Dickerson departed Bilbao, Spain, for Lisbon, Portugal. 
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03 Jul 1941 WW2 In his first public speech of the new war, Stalin ordered a scorched earth policy to be put into effect as German troops were pushed back; meanwhile, the Bialystok pocket in Poland was eliminated by German troops, taking 300,000 prisoners. 
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03 Jul 1941 WW2 Werner Mölders was presented Swords to his Knight's Cross by Adolf Hitler. 
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03 Jul 1941 WW2 Biscayne was commissioned into service. 
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03 Jul 1941 WW2 The only daylight bombing on Britain during the week of 2 Jul to 9 Jul occurred on this date at Land's End in southwestern England, United Kingdom; the German aircraft dropped bombs but they failed to explode. 
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03 Jul 1941 WW2 Soviet Naval Air unit 402 IAL, based at Idritsa in Russia and commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel P. Stefanovsky, went into action with its new MiG-3 fighters and destroyed six enemy aircraft, followed by a similar number on the next day. The unit's primary task was close support and low level fighter reconnaissance, and its pilots had orders to avoid combat if possible. The unit's adjutant, Major K. A. Gruzdev however was an aerobatic champion and soon devised a tactic to bring the enemy to battle. This involved making a steep spiral climb to between 15,000 and 18,000 feet where the MiG-3 fighters enjoyed a performance advantage over the German fighters. The German pilots almost always followed the climb, believing they were chasing a novice pilot, only to realise their mistake when Gruzdev suddenly stall-turned and shot them down. By the end of the year this talented pilot had no less than nineteen confirmed victories top, his credit. 
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03 Jul 1941 WW2 William Slim of Iraq Command outflanked Vichy French troops at Deir ez-Zor, Syria. 
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03 Jul 1941 WW2 British bombers attacked Essen, Germany. 
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03 Jul 1941 WW2 In a radio address, Joseph Stalin called the Soviet people "brothers and sisters" for the first time. 
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03 Jul 1942 WW2 German submarine U-215 sank US ship Alexander Macomb 150 kilometers east of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, United States at 1230 hours; 10 were killed, 57 survived; Alexander Macomb sunk with 9,000 tons of war goods for the Soviet Union. British armed anti-submarine warfare trawler HMS Le Tiger counterattacked and sank U-215 with depth charges, killing all 48 aboard. 
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03 Jul 1942 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru departed Davao, Philippine Islands. 
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03 Jul 1942 WW2 Japanese leadership officially canceled the invasion of Port Moresby, New Guinea. 
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03 Jul 1942 WW2 Japanese reinforced Kiska of the Aleutian Islands with 1,200 men, 24 aircraft, and 6 mini-submarines. Meanwhile, American B-24 aircraft bombed and damaged Japanese seaplane carrier Kamikawa Maru, seaplane carrier Kimikawa Maru, and oiler Fujisan off Agattu, and American submarines attacked four Japanese destroyers in the area, sinking three of them with torpedoes. 
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03 Jul 1942 WW2 USS Gar began her third war patrol. 
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03 Jul 1942 WW2 German pocket battleship Lützow, pocket battleship Admiral Scheer, and six destroyers departed from Narvik, Norway to intercept Allied convoy PQ-17 in the Barents Sea; en route, Lützow and three destroyers ran aground. The group was detected by the British and the Soviets, leading to the dispatching of 9 British and 7 Soviet submarines to intercept the German fleet; en route, Soviet submarines D-3 and M-176 hit German naval mines and sank. 
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03 Jul 1942 WW2 USS Flying Fish damaged a Japanese destroyer off Taiwan, hitting her with 1 of 2 torpedoes fired. 
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03 Jul 1942 WW2 German submarine U-161 sank Panamanian ship San Pablo in the harbor of Puerto Limón, Costa Rica at 0400 hours, killing most aboard and killing 23 stevedores. 50 miles north of Trinidad, U-126 damaged US tanker Gulfbelle, killing 2. 
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03 Jul 1942 WW2 German submarine U-132 arrived in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence off Quebec, Canada. 
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03 Jul 1942 WW2 German 15th Panzer Division, German 21st Panzer Divisions, and Italian XX Motorized Corps attacked Ruweisat Ridge near El Alamein, Egypt, making little progress. British aircraft flew 780 sorties on this day against the Axis offensive. 
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03 Jul 1942 WW2 German troops captured Sevastopol, Russia. 
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03 Jul 1942 WW2 German 4th Panzer Army crossed the Don River near Voronezh, Russia. 
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03 Jul 1942 WW2 Adolf Hitler arrived at Poltava, Ukraine to meet with Fedor von Bock to discuss the offensive in southern Russia. 
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03 Jul 1942 WW2 Robert Johnson was commissioned a second lieutenant at Kelly Field, Texas, United States. 
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03 Jul 1943 WW2 Germans launched Operation Citadel, aimed at encircling and destroying Soviet forces in the Orel-Belgorod salient in Russia. Soviet air activity had delayed the launch by one day. 
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03 Jul 1943 WW2 Köln, Germany suffered a heavy air raid. 
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03 Jul 1943 WW2 Ann Baumgartner graduated from the Women Airforce Service Pilots training program. 
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03 Jul 1943 WW2 The prototype aircraft XP-47K was completed. This aircraft incorporated the all-round-vision bubble-type canopy of a Hawker Typhoon, which was soon adopted as standard on all later production models of the P-47D. 
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03 Jul 1943 WW2 USS Snook began stalking a Japanese convoy off the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. 
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03 Jul 1943 WW2 USS Scorpion fired six torpedoes at a 5-ship Japanese convoy, sinking cargo ships Anzan Maru and Kokuryu Maru with five hits; she suffered serious damage during the subsequent depth charging. 
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03 Jul 1943 WW2 USS Gunnel ended her second war patrol. 
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03 Jul 1943 WW2 Japanese bombers attacked supply dumps on Rendova, Solomon Islands, but failed to cause significant damage. To the north, on New Georgia, troops of the 172nd Infantry Regiment of the US Army 43rd Division were landed on Zanana beach. 
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03 Jul 1943 WW2 Lorraine departed Suez, Egypt. 
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03 Jul 1943 WW2 Duquesne departed Alexandria, Egypt. 
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03 Jul 1943 WW2 Italians raised destroyed French cruiser Dupleix at Toulon, France. 
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03 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Franklin launched strikes against Bonin Islands. 
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03 Jul 1944 WW2 USS S-28 began anti-submarine warfare exercises with United States Coast Guard cutter Reliance off Oahu, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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03 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Cod departed Fremantle, Australia for her fourth war patrol. 
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03 Jul 1944 WW2 Soviet forces recaptured Minsk, Byelorussia, trapping over 100,000 Germans in the pocket. 
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03 Jul 1944 WW2 US VIII Corps advanced toward Coutances, France. 
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03 Jul 1944 WW2 John Basilone re-enlisted in the United States Marine Corps. 
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03 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Seahorse sank Japanese cargo ship Nitta Maru and passenger-cargo ship Gyoyu Maru off Taiwan, hitting her with four of five torpedoes fired. 
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03 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Harder arrived at Darwin, Australia, ending her fifth war patrol. 
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03 Jul 1944 WW2 At 0358 hours, having intercepted the intelligence that a Soviet offensive was to be launched on this day, 40 Finnish and 40 German aircraft attacked Soviet staging points in Finland, followed by an artillery bombardment. The Soviet offensive was delayed until 0600 hours, and it achieved little. 
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03 Jul 1944 WW2 After sundown, Japanese commandos raided a British airfield near Imphal, India and destroyed eight parked aircraft. 
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03 Jul 1944 WW2 French Expeditionary Corps captured Siena, Italy. 
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03 Jul 1944 WW2 Light carrier Ryuho arrived at Kure, Japan. 
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03 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Wasp's aircraft attacked Japanese positions on Iwo Jima and Chichi Jima of the Bonin Islands. 
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03 Jul 1945 WW2 Australian troops captured oil fields at Balikpapan, Borneo. 
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03 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Ticonderoga arrived at Guam, Mariana Islands for repairs on damaged reduction gear. 
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03 Jul 1945 WW2 US Senator James F. Byrnes succeeded Edward Stettinius, Jr. as the US Secretary of State. 
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03 Jul 1946 WW2 Phoenix was decommissioned from service. 
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