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History on the 5th of July

History
Date Text
05 Jul 1912 WW2 The British Royal Flying Corps' first fatal crash occurred when Captain Eustace B. Loraine and his observer, Staff Sergeant R. H. V. Wilson, flying from Larkhill Aerodrome, were killed in a crash on Salisbury Plain. 
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05 Jul 1913 WW2 Kanichi Kashimura was born in Zentsuji, Kagawa, Japan. 
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05 Jul 1917 WW2 Robert Saundby was awarded the Military Cross for being one of the three pilots that together shot down Zeppelin L48 in the previous month. 
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05 Jul 1917 WW2 Graves Erskine joined the United States Marine Corps at the rank of second lieutenant. 
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05 Jul 1919 WW2 Joseph Rochefort, deactivated from the United States Navy, returned to home near Los Angeles, California, United States and would soon begin working as a plumber. 
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05 Jul 1930 WW2 He Yingqin stepped down as a member of the finance committee. 
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05 Jul 1933 WW2 The Center Party in Germany dissolved itself. 
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05 Jul 1937 WW2 Garland exited drydocks at Sheerness, England, United Kingdom. 
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05 Jul 1939 WW2 Carrier Hiryu was commissioned into service. 
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05 Jul 1939 WW2 Georgy Zhukov's counterattack forced the northern prong of the Japanese offensive to retreat across river Khalkhin Gol in Mongolia Area of China. 
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05 Jul 1939 WW2 The keel of the battleship USS South Dakota (BB-57) was laid down at the New York Shipbuilding Corporation shipyard in Camden, New Jersey, United States. 
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05 Jul 1940 WW2 Romania announced that it had joined the Axis Powers. 
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05 Jul 1940 WW2 RAF launched night bombing raids on Kiel and Wilhelmshaven, Germany. 
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05 Jul 1940 WW2 The United States banned the trade of strategic materials with Japan. 
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05 Jul 1940 WW2 Nine British Royal Navy Swordfish aircraft of 813 Squadron from HMS Eagle flew 100 miles west from Sidi Barrani, Egypt to attack the Italian naval base at Tobruk, Libya. Destroyer Zeffiro was sunk, destroyer Euro's bow was blown off, troop transport Liguria was damaged and was beached to prevent sinking, merchant vessel Manzoni was sunk, and merchant vessel Serenitas was damaged. 
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05 Jul 1940 WW2 German submarine U-34 sank British destroyer Whirlwind off Land's End, southwestern tip of England, United Kingdom. 50 miles southwest of Ireland, U-34 torpedoed British destroyer HMS Whirlwind, killing 59; 51 survivors were rescued by destroyer HMS Westcott before Wescott scuttled Whirlwind. Also off Ireland, U-99 damaged Canadian steamer Magog, breaking her into two; the stern section sank immediately, but the remainder of the ship remained afloat largely due to the timber she was carrying; 23 survivors were rescued by Swedish merchant ship Fidra. 
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05 Jul 1940 WW2 German auxiliary minesweepers M1803 (trawler Spitzbergen), M1806 (trawler Cuxhaven), and M1807 (trawler Mulsum) attacked and damaged British submarine HMS Shark in Boknafjord near Stavanger, Norway at 2200 hours. 
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05 Jul 1940 WW2 Vichy France broke off diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom. 
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05 Jul 1940 WW2 US President Roosevelt used the power given by the Export Control Act, which was was just passed into law three days prior, to restrict the export of strategic minerals, strategic chemicals, aircraft engines, aircraft engine parts, and other equipment to Japan without special license. 
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05 Jul 1940 WW2 USS Wichita and USS Quincy arrived in Rio Grande du Sol, Brazil. 
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05 Jul 1940 WW2 Hitler presented the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross to Generalluftzeumeister Ernst Udet, the Director General of Luftwaffe Equipment. 
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05 Jul 1940 WW2 Adolf Hitler departed from his headquarters at Tannenberg in southern Germany, returning to Berlin. 
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05 Jul 1940 WW2 USS Phoenix departed Balboa, Panama Canal Zone for Valparaiso, Chile. 
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05 Jul 1940 WW2 USS Omaha relieved USS Trenton as Rear Admiral David M. LeBreton's flagship for Squadron 40-T at Lisbon, Portugal. 
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05 Jul 1940 WW2 Operation Fish: British battleship HMS Revenge, cruiser HMS Bonaventure, destroyer HMS Garth, and troop transports Monarch of Bermuda, Sobieski, and Batory departed Greenock, Scotland at 0545 hours. The cargo of US$1,750,000,000 worth of gold and securities from the Bank of England was destined for the Bank of Canada's vault in Ottawa. They would arrive at Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada safely on 12 Jul. 
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05 Jul 1940 WW2 In Britain, the south coast of England for twenty miles inland from Bexhill was declared to be a "Defence Area". 
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05 Jul 1940 WW2 Admiral James O. Richardson arrived in Washington DC, United States to meet with US President Franklin Roosevelt, officials from the Department of the Navy, and the State Department regarding the retention of the US Fleet in Hawaiian waters. 
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05 Jul 1941 WW2 British Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden officially ruled out any chance of negotiations with Germany. 
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05 Jul 1941 WW2 63 British Wellington bombers attacked Münster, Germany at between about 0050 hours and 0250 hours local time with 396 500-pound bombs, 50 250-pound bombs, and almost 6,000 4-pound incendiary bombs. The railway station was the intended main target. German authorities at Münster estimated 240 high explosive bombs and 3,000 incendiary bombs were dropped. 21 were killed and several fires were started. It was the first time Münster was subjected to large scale bombing. 
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05 Jul 1941 WW2 British troopship HMT Anselm, carrying RAF peronnel to Africa, was tropedoed in the Atlantic Ocean. RAF Volunteer Reserve Herbert Cecil Pugh would later be awarded a posthumous George Cross in 1947 for tending to the wounded, helping with life rafts, and finally asking to be lowered into the flooding hold to be with his comrades who could not escape. 
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05 Jul 1941 WW2 Vice Admiral Hidehiko Ukita succeeded Vice Admiral Teruhisa Komatsu as the commanding officer of the Ryojun Military Port (previously known as Port Arthur; now Lushunkou, Liaoning Province, China), Kwantung Leased Territory in northeastern China. 
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05 Jul 1941 WW2 Australian 21st Brigade arrived at the Damour River in Lebanon. 
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05 Jul 1941 WW2 The Soviet Special Group (later 4th NKVD Directorate) was formed, initially with 5,000 members, with the goal of terrorizing the enemy rear areas. 
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05 Jul 1941 WW2 German 6th Army broke through near Lvov, Ukraine, while German 1st Panzer Group drove toward Zhitomir and Berdichev, Ukraine. On the same day, Romanian 3rd Army captured Chernivtsi, Ukraine. 
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05 Jul 1942 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru departed Menado, Celebes. 
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05 Jul 1942 WW2 Operation Rösselsprung was canceled and battleship Tirpitz reversed course for Bogen near Narvik, Norway. 
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05 Jul 1942 WW2 Units of the German 4.Panzerarmee reached the Don River above and below Voronezh, Russia. In Ukraine, Soviet resistance in the Crimea region ended. 
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05 Jul 1942 WW2 USS Finback attacked two Japanese destroyers in the Central Pacific, firing six torpedoes and claimed one hit. She was counterattacked with depth charges. 
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05 Jul 1942 WW2 The scattered Allied convoy PQ-17 was hunted down by German submarines and aircraft piecemeal throughout the day; British freighter Empire Byron (by U-703 at 0827 hours; 7 were killed, 63 survived), civilian commodore J. C. K. Dowding's ship River Afton (by U-703 at 2102 hours; 26 were killed, 38 survived)), British ship Earlston (by U-334 at 1747 hours; all 52 aboard survived), Washington, Bolton Castle, Paulus Potter, Pan Kraft, US ship Carlton (by U-88 at 1015 hours; 3 were killed, 42 survived), Fairfield City, Daniel Morgan (by U-88 at 2252 hours; 3 were killed, 51 survived), Peter Kerr, British fleet oiler Aldersdale (fatally damaged by aircraft and abandoned), British rescue ship Zaafaran, and Honomu (by U-456 at 1431 hours; 13 were killed, 28 survived) were all destroyed. Meanwhile, Allied convoy QP-13 was sailing in the opposite direction; British minesweeper HMS Niger, in escort, entered a British minefield due to navigation error, struck a mine, and sank 10 miles north of Iceland at 2240 hours, killing 149; the 36 merchant ships of the convoy, following Niger's lead, also entered the minefield; 5 merchant ships would sink, 1 would sustain damage. 
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05 Jul 1942 WW2 USS Growler attacked Japanese destroyers in Kiska Harbor, Kiska, Aleutian Islands, damaging Kasumi (10 were killed), damaging Shiranui (3 were killed), and sinking Arare (104 were killed, 42 survived). 
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05 Jul 1942 WW2 Soviet submarine ShCh-320 sank German coastal freighter Anna Katrin Fritzen off Memelland, Germany (Memel, occupied Latvia) at 1151 hours. 
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05 Jul 1942 WW2 The battlefields near El Alamein, Egypt entered a period of relative lull as Axis forces halted due to lack of supplies and the Allied forces planned for a counter offensive. 
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05 Jul 1942 WW2 Joseph Rochefort's cryptanalytic team in Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii decrypted an intercepted Japanese Navy radio message noting that engineering units were en route to Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands to construct an airfield. 
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05 Jul 1943 WW2 USS S-31 departed Nouméa, New Caledonia for her seventh war patrol. 
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05 Jul 1943 WW2 German submarine U-759 sank American ship Maltran of Allied convoy GTMO-134 70 miles west of Port Salut, Haiti. The entire crew survived. 
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05 Jul 1943 WW2 The torpedoed Fletcher-class destroyer USS Strong was sunk by a Japanese shore batteries in Rice Anchorage, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. 
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05 Jul 1943 WW2 The Indian National Army held a military parade in Padang, Sumatra, Japanese-occupied Dutch East Indies. 
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05 Jul 1943 WW2 Captain Takeo Taizuka was named the commanding officer of light carrier Hosho. 
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05 Jul 1943 WW2 Destroyer Yukikaze arrived at Shortland Islands, Solomon Islands. 
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05 Jul 1943 WW2 The US Northern Landing Group under Colonel Harry Liversedge landed at Rice Anchorage on the northern coast of New Georgia, Solomon Islands. On the same day, US cruisers and destroyers bombarded Japanese positions at Vila, Kolombangara, and Bairoko Harbor. 
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05 Jul 1943 WW2 Before dawn, USS Helena commenced pre-invasion bombardment of New Georgia from Kula Gulf. In the afternoon, she received the order to intercept a Japanese troop convoy would arrive some time after dark. 
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05 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Gar ended her twelfth war patrol. 
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05 Jul 1944 WW2 Oberon was decommissioned from service. 
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05 Jul 1944 WW2 Lieutenant Colonel Francis Gabreski of US 56th Fighter Group became the top scoring USAAF ace in Europe with 28 victories. 
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05 Jul 1944 WW2 HMS Ganilly was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine U-390 off Utah beach, Normandy, France. 
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05 Jul 1944 WW2 Saburo Sakai led a special attack mission against US naval units, but returned to base after failing to locate any targets. 
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05 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Flying Fish arrived at Brisbane, Australia, ending her tenth war patrol. 
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05 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Flier arrived at Fremantle, Australia, ending her first war patrol. 
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05 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Wasp's aircraft attacked Japanese positions on Guam and Rota of the Mariana Islands. 
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05 Jul 1944 WW2 Destroyer Yukikaze was docked at Kure, Japan for repairs. 
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05 Jul 1944 WW2 While undergoing repairs at Yokosuka and Yokohama, Japan, Irako was assigned to the Southwest Area Fleet based at Manila, Luzon, Philippine Islands. 
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05 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Whale set sail for Midway Atoll. 
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05 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Sunfish sank Japanese passenger-cargo ship Shanmai Maru off the Kurile Islands, hitting her with 1 of 3 torpedoes fired. 
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05 Jul 1945 WW2 John Curtin passed away from heart disease. 
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05 Jul 1945 WW2 Douglas MacArthur announced that the Philippine Islands had been liberated. 
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05 Jul 1945 WW2 Britain citizens went to the polls. The results, which would yield a Labour Party victory over Winston Churchill's Conservative Party, would not be declared until 26 Jul 1945. 
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05 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Puffer claimed the sinking of seven small Japanese vessels with her deck gun and another vessel with 2 torpedoes (1 hit) at Bali, Dutch East Indies, and then went on to bombard shore facilities. 
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05 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Boarfish departed Fremantle, Australia for her fourth war patrol. 
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05 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Sterlet departed Midway for her fifth war patrol. 
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05 Jul 1945 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Sasebo, Japan. 
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05 Jul 1945 WW2 American B-24 bombers based on Okinawa, Japan bombed the Omura-Nagasaki area in the Japanese home islands. On the same day, more than 100 American fighters based on Iwo Jima, Japan attacked targets in eastern Honshu in the Japanese home islands. 
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05 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Shamrock Bay departed San Pedro Bay in the Philippine Islands for Guam, Mariana Islands. 
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05 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Hoe completed her overhaul at Mare Island Navy Yard, California, United States and departed for the western Pacific. 
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05 Jul 1946 WW2 USS Copahee was decommissioned from service at Tacoma, Washington, United States. 
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05 Jul 1946 WW2 Allied repatriation ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Uraga, Japan and disembarked personnel. She entered drydock for repairs. 
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05 Jul 1948 WW2 The trial against Josef Bühler ended. 
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05 Jul 1948 WW2 The National Health Service (NHS) was established in the United Kingdom. 
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