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History on the 10th of July

History
Date Text
10 Jul 1509 RELIGIOUS Birth of John Calvin, French religious reformer. His 'Institutes of the ChristianReligion' became the most popular doctrinal statement of the Protestant Reformation.
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10 Jul 1629 RELIGIOUS The first non-separatist Congregational church in America was established atSalem, Massachusetts.
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10 Jul 1851 RELIGIOUS California Wesleyan College was chartered in Santa Clara, under sponsorship ofthe Methodist Church. In 1961 its name was changed to the University of the Pacific.
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10 Jul 1913 WW2 Henry Arnold was assigned to 9th Infantry Regiment. 
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10 Jul 1916 WW2 The construction for the General Government Building in Keijo (now Seoul), Korea began. 
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10 Jul 1917 WW2 At Maroeuil, France, Captain Allin, commanding the British 42nd Chinese Labour Company, ordered an armed party to fire on the Chinese labourers who were rioting over harsh treatment by their British officers and non-commissioned officers. Five Chinese were killed and 14 were wounded. The company commander was removed from command on 17 Oct 1917 by a court of inquiry. 
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10 Jul 1918 WW2 The British Government, mainly to pressure the Americans into making up their minds, announced that the 25th (Garrison) Battalion of the Middlesex Regiment would be transferred from Hong Kong to Vladivostok, Russia. The battalion would disembark in Russia on the same day that the first contingent of Japanese also arrived (followed forty eight hours later by 1,150 men of a French Colonial Infantry Battalion). 
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10 Jul 1920 WW2 Japanese Governor General of Korea Makoto Saito lead a ceremony at the General Government Building in Keijo (now Seoul) construction site, during which an engraved tablet was installed. 
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10 Jul 1925 RELIGIOUS The famous 'Scopes Monkey Trial' began in Dayton, TN, after high school biologyteacher John T. Scopes, 24, was charged with teaching evolution to his students.
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10 Jul 1926 WW2 Roderick Carr was attached to the Headquarters of Air Defence of Great Britain of the Royal Air Force. 
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10 Jul 1928 WW2 The Italian Army released members of the Blackshirt paramilitary organization between the age of 26 and 36 so that they could join the Blackshirt combat legions. 
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10 Jul 1932 WW2 Burza was commissioned into service. 
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10 Jul 1932 WW2 Clashes between Nazi Party protesters and the police resulted in 18 deaths in Germany. 
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10 Jul 1934 WW2 Viktor Abakumov was assigned to the Economic Department of the GUGB of the Soviet NKVD. 
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10 Jul 1935 WW2 Stalin and Molotov signed the Central Committee resolution "On the master plan for the reconstruction of Moscow". The ten-year programme, it was proposed, would more than double the area of the capital. 
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10 Jul 1935 WW2 Lawrence Bell founded the Bell Aircraft Corporation at Buffalo, New York, United States. 
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10 Jul 1936 WW2 The US Navy's Bureau of Aeronautics changed the specification of Grumman's new F4F prototype from a biplane to a monoplane configuration. The aircraft would emerge as the successful Wildcat fighter. 
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10 Jul 1940 WW2 The Japanese deployed the new A6M Zero fighters against Chinese forces. 
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10 Jul 1940 WW2 The British government banned the fascist British Union Party. 
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10 Jul 1940 WW2 The British authorities put 200 Italian prisoners of war, 251 German prisoners of war, 55 British Nazi sympathizers, and 2,036 civilians from Germany (mostly Jewish refugees), collectively categorized as "enemy aliens", on the British troop ship Dunera whose intended passenger capacity was only 1,600. Over the next 57 days, while en route to Australia, these people would be robbed, beaten, and in one case bayoneted by the British guards while many of them suffered from dysentery. Several of the guards were later court-martialed, including Lieutenant Colonel William Scott. 
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10 Jul 1940 WW2 Italian submarine Scirè sank French ship Cheik 54 miles northwest of Sicily, Italy. Cheik's crew was rescued by Scirè. 
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10 Jul 1940 WW2 German armed merchant cruiser Widder sank British ship Davisan 500 miles of the coast of Florida, United States. The entire crew of Widder was taken prisoner. 
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10 Jul 1940 WW2 German submarine U-34 sank Finnish ship Petsamo close to the southern coast of Ireland, killing 4. On the same day, U-61 torpedoed Dutch ship Alwaki 10 miles off Cape Wrath, Scotland, United Kingdom; the torpedo failed to detonate, but it knocked a hole in the hull, and the ship listed to port; all 41 crew and 10 passengers aboard were rescued by British ship Harmonic. 
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10 Jul 1940 WW2 Henry Stimson became the United States Secretary of War. 
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10 Jul 1940 WW2 Kanalkampf: A large German aerial formation attacked one of the eight British convoys in the English Channel; the target convoy was code named Bread, escorted by 6 Hurricane fighters. Upon detecting the incoming aircraft, four squadrons of British fighters were launched to counter the attack. At the end of the battle, seven British aircraft were destroyed and one of the Bread ships was sunk. The Germans lost 13 aircraft. This surprising victory led to the British announcing that 10 Jul was the start of the Battle of Britain. Elsewhere, the German Luftwaffe's first major targets on land included the Swansea docks and the Royal Ordnance Factory in Pembrey. The British tanker Tascalusa was sunk during one of the attacks. 
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10 Jul 1940 WW2 HMS Hermes collided with armed merchant cruiser HMS Corfu in the Atlantic Ocean in poor weather, injuring two and killing one aboard HMS Hermes. 
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10 Jul 1940 WW2 British Lieutenant Hubert Nicolle, who had been conducting reconnaissance in the Channel Island of Guernsey, returned to Britain. he reported that there were 469 German soldiers on the island, mainly in St. Peter Port, with machine gun posts 2 to 5 miles away along the coast. He estimated that a commando raid would have 20 minutes to wipe out the machine gun posts before reinforcements from St. Peter Port would arrive. 
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10 Jul 1940 WW2 Nine British Swordfish torpedo bombers from carrier HMS Eagle attacked Augusta, Sicily, Italy at 0940 hours, sinking destroyer Leone Pancaldo. 
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10 Jul 1941 WW2 Finnish Army began an attack toward Lake Ladoga north of Leningrad, Russia. 
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10 Jul 1941 WW2 After sundown, Private James Gordon of Australian 7th Division crept forward under heavy fire during fighting in Syria and took out a enemy post by grenade and bayonet. For this act of gallantry along with continued bravery exhibited through the following day, he would later be awarded the Victoria Cross in Oct 1941. 
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10 Jul 1941 WW2 Joachim von Ribbentrop again asked the Japanese to attack Vladivostok, Russia. 
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10 Jul 1941 WW2 James Lacey shot down a German Bf 109 fighter. 
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10 Jul 1941 WW2 Douglas Bader claimed one German Bf 109 aircraft over Bethune, Pas-de-Calais, France, and later shot down a Bf 109E aircraft over nearby Calais. 
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10 Jul 1941 WW2 Five French D.520 fighters intercepted a flight of Blenheim bombers of No. 45 Squadron RAF escorted by 7 Tomahawk fighters of No. 3 Squadron RAAF over Syria; 3 British bombers and 4 French fighters were destroyed in the engagement. On the ground, troops of Australian 21st Brigade neared Beirut, Lebanon. 
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10 Jul 1941 WW2 Tatsuta Maru departed Yokohama, Japan for Honolulu, US Territory of Hawaii on her 68th voyage. 
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10 Jul 1941 WW2 Lev Mekhlis was apointed the deputy commissar of the Soviet NKO. 
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10 Jul 1941 WW2 German 13th Panzer Division captured Zhytomyr, Ukraine. Further east, German troops crossed the Dnieper River. 
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10 Jul 1941 WW2 The US Marine Corps established the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing at San Diego, California, United States under Colonel Francis P . Mulcahy. 
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10 Jul 1942 WW2 German 4.Panzerarmee and 6.Armee met near Kalach-na-Donu, southern Russia. 
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10 Jul 1942 WW2 German 17.Armee and 1.Panzerarmee continue to advance to Rostov, northeast of Moscow, Russia. 
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10 Jul 1942 WW2 The US Joint Chiefs of Staff issued the order to attack and occupy Tulagi and Guadalcanal. 
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10 Jul 1942 WW2 Destroyer Yuzuki was assigned to the 2nd Surface Escort Division of the Fourth Fleet. Lieutenant Shoichi Oyamada relieved Lieutenant Commander Koukichi Mori as the commanding officer of Yuzuki. 
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10 Jul 1942 WW2 German minesweeper M-4448 struck a mine and sank in the Bay of Biscay; the mine was deployed by Free French submarine Rubis on 5 Jun 1942. 
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10 Jul 1942 WW2 German submarine U-251 sank Panamanian freighter El Capitan and German submarine U-376 sank US ship Hoosier, both of Allied convoy PQ-17, in the Barents Sea. 
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10 Jul 1942 WW2 German submarine U-67 heavily destroyed US tanker Benjamin Brewster 60 miles south of Louisiana, United States at 0619 hours; 25 were killed, 15 survived; the wreck would burn for 9 days, melting much of the ship. 
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10 Jul 1942 WW2 German minesweepers M-4401 and M-4457 struck British naval mines and sank in the Bay of Biscay by accident while performing minesweeping duty. 
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10 Jul 1942 WW2 The crew of ShCh-317 transmitted what was to become the final radio report from the submarine off the southern tip of Öland, Sweden, indicating that the submarine was returning to base. 
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10 Jul 1942 WW2 An American PBY Catalina crew spotted the wreck of a Japanese aircraft on Akutan Island, US Territory of Alaska. 
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10 Jul 1942 WW2 Near El Alamein, Egypt, Australian 26th Brigade captured Tel el Eisa ridge and South African troops captured Tel el Makh Khad. Elements of the German 15th Panzer Division counterattacked the Australian positions in the afternoon without success. 
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10 Jul 1942 WW2 German 4th Panzer Army and 6th Army advanced swiftly southward between the Donets River and the Don River in southern Russia while German 1st Panzer Army advanced toward Rostov-on-Don. 
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10 Jul 1942 WW2 The United States Marine Corps established Marine Corps Air Station, El Centro, California, United States. 
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10 Jul 1943 WW2 The Allies began Operation Husky, the invasion of Sicily, Italy, with an airborne assault before dawn; amphibious elements of Operation Husky landed to join the fight later in the day. Out at sea, hospital ship Tampala and LST-313 were sunk by German air attack. Picket ship USS Sentinel was sunk by a SC250 bomb delivered by a Fw 190 aircraft off Molla. Destroyer USS Maddox was also lost after being attacked by dive bombers and sunk within two minutes. The US Navy would subsequently suffer severe accusations for failing to supply adequate air cover. 
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10 Jul 1943 WW2 The minesweeper USS Agent was transferred to the Soviet Union under the Lend-Lease act. 
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10 Jul 1943 WW2 Light carrier Ryuho was assigned to the Main Unit of the Mobile Force of Carrier Division 2 of the Third Fleet. 
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10 Jul 1943 WW2 USS Pompon departed Brisbane, Australia for her first war patrol in the Truk, Caroline Islands area. 
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10 Jul 1943 WW2 The new airfield at Tsili-Tsili, Australian Papua was ready to receive C-47 transport aircraft. 
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10 Jul 1943 WW2 Companies N and Q of USMC 4th Raider Battalion completed their patrol of Gatukai Island in New Georgia, Solomon Islands and concluded that there were no Japanese on the island. Also on New Georgia, the US Marine Corps reported that the airfield at Segi was now ready for limited operations, while Companies O and P of the 4th Raider Battalion were slated to be relieved at Viru for transfer to Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. Nearby, Marines of the 1st Raider Battalion captured the island of Enogai. 
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10 Jul 1943 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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10 Jul 1943 WW2 USS Steelhead damaged Japanese escort carrier Unyo near Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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10 Jul 1943 WW2 Nachi departed Paramushiro (Paramushir), Kurile Islands to cover the Japanese withdraw from Kiska, Aleutian Islands. 
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10 Jul 1943 WW2 The US Marine Corps established Marine Corps Air Station, El Centro, California, United States; Lieutenant Colonel Thomas J. McQuade was placed in command. 
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10 Jul 1944 WW2 Erwin Rommel received the Romanian Order of Michael the Brave 3rd Class and 2nd Class. 
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10 Jul 1944 WW2 221 former prisoners of Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp and 61 former internees in Vittel, France who had been given permission by Germany to go to Palestine arrived in Haifa at 1700 hours. 
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10 Jul 1944 WW2 Raoul Wallenberg reported to the Swedish embassy in Budapest, Hungary as a secretary; in this role he would issue protective passports and commit in other acts that would save the lives of thousands of Jews. 
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10 Jul 1944 WW2 The Japanese Navy 2nd Air Fleet was attached to the Combined Fleet, and its strength group to include two air flotillas and six air groups. On the same day, the 3rd Air Fleet was established under the command of Vice Admiral Shunichi Kira with Rear Admiral Kanzo Miura as the chief of staff; it was also attached to the Combined Fleet. 
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10 Jul 1944 WW2 Light carrier Ryuho was transferred from Carrier Division 2 to Carrier Division 1 within the 3rd Fleet. 
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10 Jul 1944 WW2 Naoshi Kanno was made a squadron commander with the 343rd Air Group. 
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10 Jul 1944 WW2 Karl von Le Suire stepped down as the commanding officer of German 117th Jäger Division. 
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10 Jul 1944 WW2 Yamato arrived at Okinawa, Japan then departed for Lingga, Dutch East Indies. 
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10 Jul 1944 WW2 The Japanese Navy established the 1st Special Submarine Training Base Group at Otsujima in Tokuyama Bay, 80 kilometers southwest of Hiroshima, Japan, under the command of Rear Admiral Mitsuri Nagai. The unit was to train future manned-torpedo pilots. 
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10 Jul 1944 WW2 Yoshitsugu Saito committed ritual suicide in a cave near Tanapag, Saipan, Mariana Islands. 
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10 Jul 1944 WW2 The crew of USS Ticonderoga had a day of rest off the ship in Scotland Bay, Trinidad. 
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10 Jul 1944 WW2 John Basilone married Sergeant Lena Mae Riggi at St. Mary's Star of the Sea Church in Oceanside, California, United States. 
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10 Jul 1945 WW2 U-530 arrived at Mar del Plata, Argentina and surrendered to the Argentineans. 
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10 Jul 1945 WW2 The Americans launched the first of several 1,000-bomber raids against the Japanese home islands. 
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10 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Sea Robin sank Japanese cargo ship Sakishima Maru in the East China Sea, hitting her with all four torpedoes fired. 
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10 Jul 1945 WW2 United Kingdom, United States, and the Soviet Union agreed to include France in the administration of Berlin, Germany. 
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10 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Marcus Island departed the west coast of the United States for Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii with troops and aircraft on board. 
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10 Jul 1948 WW2 Josef Bühler was found guilty of crimes against humanity by the Supreme National Tribunal of Poland and was sentenced to death. 
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10 Jul 1949 WW2 Hiroshi Nemoto arrived at Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China. 
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10 Jul 1950 RELIGIOUS American missionary and martyr Jim Elliot wrote in his journal: 'I am just tryingto deliver familiar truth from the oblivion of general acceptance.'
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