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History on the 12th of July

History
Date Text
12 Jul 1191 RELIGIOUS The armies of the Third Crusade (1189-92), led by England's King Richard ('TheLionhearted'), captured the Syrian seaport of Acre.
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12 Jul 1843 RELIGIOUS Mormon church founder Joseph Smith announced that a divine revelation had beengiven him sanctioning polygamy among his newly-organized religious followers.
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12 Jul 1898 RELIGIOUS Birth of Peter Deyneka, missions pioneer. The Slavic Gospel Association, whichhe founded in 1934, undertakes evangelistic work in Europe and South America.
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12 Jul 1915 WW1 Begin of Attack on Achi Baba
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12 Jul 1916 WW2 Lyudmila Pavlichenko was born. 
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12 Jul 1918 WW2 The Japanese dreadnaught Kawachi was lost with 700 men in Tokuyama Bay, Japan, following an explosion of defective cordite in the ship's magazine. 
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12 Jul 1922 WW2 S-34 was commissioned into service. 
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12 Jul 1925 WW2 USS S-31 arrived at Cavite, Luzon, Philippine Islands. 
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12 Jul 1925 WW2 USS S-35 arrived at the Submarine Base, Cavite, Philippine Islands. 
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12 Jul 1928 WW2 Seria Well Number One (S-1) was drilled at the Seria River, marking the start of an attempt to find oil in Brunei. 
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12 Jul 1929 WW2 The 12-engined Do X flying boat took its maiden flight. 
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12 Jul 1934 WW2 Hermann Göring, the German Reichstag President, announced that Adolf Hitler was above the law. 
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12 Jul 1935 WW2 Aging Australian cruiser HMAS Brisbane arrived in Portsmouth, England, United Kingdom with a crew for operating the future cruiser HMAS Sydney (currently HMS Phaeton). 
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12 Jul 1936 WW2 In Spain, Calvé Sotelo, a well-known monarchist, was murdered by Republican storm troopers, and passions were roused to even greater fury when, at the funeral, police opened fire, killing four of the mourners. 
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12 Jul 1940 WW2 USS Phoenix arrived at Valparaiso, Chile on a mission "to cultivate friendly relations". 
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12 Jul 1940 WW2 USS O'Brien departed Pará, Brazil for La Guaira, Venezuela. 
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12 Jul 1940 WW2 Destroyers USS Walke and USS Wainwright arrived at Pará, Brazil with Marines for cruisers USS Wichita and USS Quincy. 
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12 Jul 1940 WW2 The Turkish Prime Minister stated that Turkey intended to remain faithful to her friendships, but that any threat to her independence would be met by resort to arms. 
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12 Jul 1940 WW2 German submarine U-56 attacked British transport ship Dunera with a torpedo in the North Channel between England, United Kingdom and Ireland; the torpedo glanced off the ship without exploding; the commanding officer of U-56 did not realize that Dunera was carrying, among others, Italian and German prisoners of war bound for Australia. To the southwest, 160 miles southwest of Ireland, German submarine U-99 sank Greek ship Ia at 0200 hours; 3 were killed and 27 were later rescued. At 2300 hours, U-99 struck again and fired a torpedo at Estonian ship Merisaar, but missed; with shots from the deck gun, she stopped the Estonian ship and forced her to sail into the German-occupied French port of Bordeaux (before reaching Bordeaux, however, a German aircraft would sink her on 15 Jul). 
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12 Jul 1940 WW2 Operation Fish: British ships arrived at Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada with US$1,750,000,000 worth of gold and securities from the Bank of England was destined for the Bank of Canada's vault in Ottawa. 
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12 Jul 1940 WW2 Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong ordered his troops to move against Nationalist positions in Jiangsu Province, China. 
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12 Jul 1940 WW2 Jean de Lattre de Tassigny was made a Grand Officier of the Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur. 
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12 Jul 1940 WW2 In the Mediterranean Sea, Italian bombers attacked British battleship HMS Warspite and cruiser HMS Liverpool between 0850 and 1150 hours. HMS Liverpool was hit by a dud, but it still killed 1 and wounded 2. One Italian bomber was shot down by a Sea Gladiator carrier biplane fighter from HMS Eagle. 
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12 Jul 1940 WW2 Graf Zeppelin was towed to Gotenhafen, Germany (now Gdynia, Poland). 
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12 Jul 1940 WW2 US passenger liner Manhattan departed Lisbon, Portugal with about 800 American citizens and their families fleeing the European War. 
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12 Jul 1940 WW2 German He 111 and Do 17 bombers attacked Allied convoy code named Booty off of Essex and Suffolk, England, United Kingdom; 2 British Spitfire fighters and 1 British Hurricane fighter were lost in the battle, but they prevented sinkings. In southern England, German Ju 87 Stuka dive bombers attacked Portland and Exeter, losing two aircraft. At Aberdeen, Scotland, a He 111 bomber on a reconnaissance mission was intercepted and shot down, but was able to release one bomb on the city before crashing into the city's ice rink. 
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12 Jul 1941 WW2 Werner Mölders reported that under his command JG 51 had destroyed 500 Soviet aircraft at the cost of only three casualties during the first 20 days of Operation Barbarossa. 
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12 Jul 1941 WW2 1st US Marine Brigade completed taking over the occupation of Iceland from British troops. 
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12 Jul 1941 WW2 Douglas Bader shot down a German Bf 109 fighter and damaged three others over Pas-de-Calais, France. 
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12 Jul 1941 WW2 French Lieutenant-General Joseph-Antoine-Sylvain-Raoul de Verdillac attended the French-British negotiations for a ceasefire in the French Mandate of Syria and the Lebanon. Making progress in the discussions during the day, the process to draft the Armistice of Saint Jean d'Acre began at 2200 hours near Acre, British Mandate of Palestine. Meanwhile, French naval vessels and aircraft were ordered to go to neutral Turkey, where they were interned. 
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12 Jul 1941 WW2 Four days after the Soviet military mission arrived in London, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union signed an agreement of mutual assistance, noting that neither country would negotiate a separate peace with the Axis powers. 
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12 Jul 1942 WW2 Cruiser Köln arrived at Oslo, Norway. 
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12 Jul 1942 WW2 The Volkov pocket was eliminated by the German troops, with over 30,000 prisoners taken, including General Andrey Vlasov. 
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12 Jul 1942 WW2 German submarine U-129 sank US ship Tachirá 50 miles southwest of Grand Cayman island; 5 were killed, 33 survived. 
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12 Jul 1942 WW2 Allied convoy OS-33 was attacked by a German submarine wolfpack 500 kilometers west of Madeira archipelago, with U-116 sinking British ship Cortona (0022 hours; 31 were killed, 23 survived) and British ship Shaftesbury (0945 hours; all 45 aboard survived), U-201 sinking British ship Cortona (shard credit with U-116) and British ship Siris (0413 hours; 3 were killed, 52 survived), and U-582 sinking New Zealand patrol craft HMNZS ML-1090 and British ship Port Hunter (0147 hours; 88 were killed, 3 survived). 
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12 Jul 1942 WW2 USS Seadragon sank Japanese transport Himaya Maru off Cam Ranh Bay, French Indochina. 
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12 Jul 1942 WW2 Italian submarine Alagi sank Turkish vessel Antares in the Mediterranean Sea. 
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12 Jul 1942 WW2 British submarine HMS Safari sank Italian sailing ship Adda in the Gulf of Orosei, Sardinia, Italy. 
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12 Jul 1942 WW2 USS Permit began her sixth war patrol. 
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12 Jul 1942 WW2 German 104th Infantry Regiment attacked Allied troops in the Tel el Eisa ridge region near El Alamein, Egypt; the German attack was driven off after it suffered 600 casualties. 
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12 Jul 1942 WW2 Japanese armed merchant cruisers Aikoku Maru and Hokoku Maru sank New Zealand freighter Hauraki in the Mozambique Channel. 
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12 Jul 1942 WW2 The Soviet high command STAVKA formed the Stalingrad Front out of the Southwest Front; it was placed under the command of Marshal Timoshenko. 
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12 Jul 1943 WW2 Soviet forces launched a massive offensive along their Bryansk, Central, and West Fronts in Russia, toward Bryansk, Kursk, and Orel. Prokhorovka, Russia became the site of what would be hailed as the largest armor battle in history. 
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12 Jul 1943 WW2 USS Mingo damaged a Japanese freighter with torpedoes. 
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12 Jul 1943 WW2 Wing Commander John Nettleton, who won the Victoria Cross for leading the ill-fated Augsburg, Germany raid from RAF Waddington in Apr 1942, failed to return from mission to Turin, probably shot down by a night fighter over the English Channel. 
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12 Jul 1943 WW2 HMS King George V bombarded Trapani, Sicily, Italy. 
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12 Jul 1943 WW2 Chiang Kaishek committed, in writing, to a Chinese offensive into Burma. 
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12 Jul 1943 WW2 British 8th Army captured Augusta, Sicily, Italy, adding yet another useful harbour for the Allied invasion forces. 
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12 Jul 1943 WW2 Destroyer Yukikaze led an attack on an US cruiser-destroyer group in the Battle of Kolombangara in the Solomon Islands. 
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12 Jul 1943 WW2 432nd Fighter Squadron (flying P-38 aicraft) of USAAF 475th Fighter Group was out of Dobodura No. 15 airstrip of Dobodura Airfield, Australian Papua. 
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12 Jul 1943 WW2 Companies N and Q of the USMC 4th Raider Battalion departed New Georgia, returning to join the rest of the battalion at Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. After dark, a Japanese force consisted of light cruiser Jintsu and destroyer-transports ran into a group of Allied light cruisers; the ensuing Battle of Kolombangara, which lasted into the next morning, saw the sinking of Jintsu and USS Gwin; the Japanese were able to land 1,200 men on New Georgia. 
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12 Jul 1943 WW2 HMS Howe bombarded Trapani and Favignana, Sicily, Italy. 
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12 Jul 1943 WW2 Yamato was drydocked at Kure, Japan for upgrades. A Type 21, Mod 3, air and surface search radar was to be installed. Twelve (4x3) new 25-mm AA guns were to be fitted on the weather deck. Yamato's total 25-mm AA suite would be 36 guns. Her 155-mm wing mount guns were to be provided with coaming armor and their barbettes with 28-mm of additional armor. Yamato's fuel storage would be reduced and her main and auxiliary rudder controls were to be improved. 
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12 Jul 1943 WW2 I-168 departed Kure, Japan. 
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12 Jul 1943 WW2 The National Committee for a Free Germany was formed in Krasnograd, Ukraine, made up of a number of captured German officers as well as exiled German communists. This group called for an uprising against Hitler and an end to the fighting between Germany and the Soviet Union. 
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12 Jul 1944 WW2 US VII Corps made limited progress toward Saint-Lô, France. 
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12 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Snook fired four torpedoes at two Japanese freighters; one hit, causing damage but not sinking the target. 
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12 Jul 1944 WW2 US Brigadier General Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. passed away from a heart attack in Normandy, France. 
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12 Jul 1944 WW2 Soviet Union began probing Finland for possible peace terms after the Finns successfully repulsed Soviet offensives at the Tali-Ihantala region in Finland. 
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12 Jul 1944 WW2 Omar Bradley, his staff, and his generals met and created a preliminary plan for what was to become the Operation Cobra offensive in France. 
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12 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Whale departed Midway Atoll. 
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12 Jul 1944 RELIGIOUS Golden Gate Baptist Theological Seminary was chartered in Mill Valley, CA, undersponsorship of the Southern Baptist Church.
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12 Jul 1945 WW2 Japanese representatives in the Soviet Union requested a update on the Japanese inquiry on the extension of the 1941 non-aggression treaty, getting little in the way of a response. 
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12 Jul 1945 WW2 More than 500 American B-29 bombers dropped incendiary bombs on a number of cities on Honshu, Japan. 
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12 Jul 1945 WW2 A number of B-25 bombers based in Okinawa attacked military airfields on Kyushu, Japan. 
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12 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Hawkbill departed Subic Bay, Zambales, Philippine Islands for her fifth war patrol. 
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12 Jul 1945 WW2 The Britain honored Soviet General Zhukov in a ceremony at the Brandenburg Gate, Berlin, Germany. 
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12 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Hackleback arrived at Guam, Mariana Islands, ending her second war patrol. 
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12 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Seahorse departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for her eighth war patrol. 
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12 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Wasp departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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12 Jul 1963 RELIGIOUS Swiss Reformed theologian Karl Barth wrote in a letter: 'Do not stop testing andcorrecting your insights by holy scripture. Then, being sound in what really counts, youcan live and represent a comforted life.'
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11th July 13th July
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