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History on the 13th of July

History
Date Text
13 Jul 1105 RELIGIOUS Death of Rashi (b.1040), medieval Jewish Bible scholar. His name is a Hebrewacrostic for Rabbi Shelomoh ben Isaac. Rashi was the leading rabbinic commentator in hisday on the Old Testament and Talmud.
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13 Jul 1769 RELIGIOUS Birth of Thomas Kelly, Irish Episcopal clergyman and author of 765 hymns,including 'Praise the Savior, Ye Who Know Him.'
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13 Jul 1778 RELIGIOUS Anglican clergyman and hymnwriter John Newton wrote in a letter: 'It is perhapsthe highest triumph we can obtain over bigotry when we are able to bear with bigotsthemselves.'
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13 Jul 1815 RELIGIOUS President John Adams wrote in a letter: 'The Hebrews have done more to civilizemen than any other nation. If I were an atheist,... I should still believe fate had ordainedthe Jews to be the most essential instrument for civilizing the nations.'
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13 Jul 1886 RELIGIOUS Birth of Father Edward Flanagan, American Catholic parish priest. Believing therewas 'no such thing as a bad boy,' in 1922 he organized Boys Town near Omaha, Nebraska.
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13 Jul 1921 WW2 Continuing experiments started at Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, United States in Jun 1921 to test the effectiveness of various weapons against surface ships, US Army bombers sank the Destroyer G-102. 
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13 Jul 1933 WW2 The "Heil Hitler" salute became compulsory for all public employees in Germany; it was also compulsory during the singing of the National Anthem and the party hymn, the "Horst Wessel" song. Germans unable to raise their right arm through disability were permitted to raise the left. At the same time all public correspondence was supposed to carry the words "Heil Hitler" instead of "Sincerely" or "Best Wishes". 
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13 Jul 1934 WW2 Adolf Hitler claimed to the German Reichstag that the Night of the Long Knives massacres were justified as the Nazi Party SA organization was planning a putsch. Although Hitler presented no concrete evidence, the Reichstag accepted the claim, thus legalizing the murders. 
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13 Jul 1939 WW2 The stern of the sunken USS Squalus was briefly raised in the Isles of Shoals off northeastern United States, but the wreck would slip under the surface again. 
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13 Jul 1940 WW2 Kanalkampf: German bombers attacked Allied Convoy CS5 near Dover, England; escorting destroyer HMS Vanessa was damaged by near misses and had to be towed to port by destroyer HMS Griffin. Convoy Bread was attacked once again, this time off the Dorset coast; 6 German bombers were shot down while several British fighters were also lost, killing 3 pilots. 
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13 Jul 1940 WW2 German raider Atlantis sank British steamer Kemmendine 500 miles southeast of Ceylon; 57 crew and 25 passengers were taken prisoner. 
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13 Jul 1940 WW2 German raider Widder sank British ship King John 200 miles northeast of Antigua; 5 crew and 21 survivors of Panamanian ship Santa Margarita (sank on 2 Jul) were taken prisoner. The total prisoner count aboard Widder was now 100, exceeding her capacity, thus some were put to lifeboats so that they could paddle toward islands in the Carribean Sea on their own. 
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13 Jul 1940 WW2 USS Wichita and USS Quincy (CA-39) arrived at Santos, Brazil. 
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13 Jul 1940 WW2 USS Walke and USS Wainwright departed Pará, Brazil for Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 
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13 Jul 1940 WW2 The British Army's new parachute force began training at Ringway Airport, Manchester, England, United Kingdom. 
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13 Jul 1940 WW2 Adolf Hitler met with top German military leaders at Obersalzberg, München-Oberbayern, Germany. 
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13 Jul 1940 WW2 Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov leaked diplomatic communications between Britain and the Soviet Union, which should had been held confidentially between the two countries per general rules of international diplomacy, to Germany. 
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13 Jul 1940 WW2 While under heavy attack by Axis aircraft, Sea Gladiator aircraft launched from HMS Eagle shot down three Italian bombers in the Mediterranean Sea. 
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13 Jul 1940 WW2 Kichisaburo Nomura was awarded the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure. 
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13 Jul 1940 WW2 Tatsuta Maru arrived at San Francisco, California, United States; among the passengers disembarked were 40 Jewish refugees from Russia, Austria, Germany, Norway, and Britain. 
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13 Jul 1941 WW2 The first of the Spanish volunteers began leaving Spain for military training in Germany. 
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13 Jul 1941 WW2 The German Armeegruppe Nord continued advancing towards Luga in northern Russia. 
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13 Jul 1941 WW2 The Armistice of Saint Jean d'Acre negotiations at Acre, British Mandate of Palestine was stalled as the French rejected British demands. 
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13 Jul 1941 WW2 The newspaper The New York Times reported that the famed Polish Jewish violinist Henri Czaplinski (aka. Genrikh Maksimovich Chaplinsky in Soviet documents) had escaped an NKVD prison in Lvov, Ukraine during a German bombing. 
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13 Jul 1942 WW2 Destroyer USS Landsdowne sank German submarine U-153 in the Caribbean Sea 50 kilometers northwest of the Atlantic side of the Panama Canal; all 52 aboard were killed. 20 miles north of Cárdenas, Cuba, German submarine U-84 sank US ship Andrew Jackson; 3 were killed, 46 survived. 2 miles east of Cuba, U-166 sank US ship Oneida; 6 were killed, 23 survived. 80 miles south of Mississippi, United States, U-67 sank US tanker R. W. Gallagher; 10 were killed, 42 survived. 
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13 Jul 1942 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Makassar, Celebes. 
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13 Jul 1942 WW2 Cruiser Köln departed Oslo, Norway for northern Norway. 
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13 Jul 1942 WW2 Field Marshal Fedor von Bock, commanding officer of German Army Group South, was fired from his command by Wilhelm Keitel for moving two Panzer divisions to assist the embattled 9th Panzer without Hitler's direct authority. 
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13 Jul 1942 WW2 German submarine U-255 sank the already wrecked Dutch ship Paulus Potter of Allied convoy PQ-17 in the Barents Sea after concluding that the ship was beyond repair. 
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13 Jul 1942 WW2 German submarine U-201 sank British ship Sithonia of Allied convoy OS-33 490 miles west of Canary Islands; 7 were killed, 21 survived. 
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13 Jul 1942 WW2 USS Seadragon sank Japanese transport Shinyo Maru off Cam Ranh Bay, French Indochina. 
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13 Jul 1942 WW2 Kapitänleutnant Hans-Dieter Heinicke of U-576 sent a radio message back to base, noting that his submarine sustained light damage and would soon head back to Saint-Nazaire, France. 
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13 Jul 1942 WW2 Tanks of German 21st Panzer Division attacked Allied troops in the Tel el Eisa ridge region near El Alamein, Egypt and at a nearby South African position, driving Australian troops out of Point 24 at a heavy cost. 
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13 Jul 1942 WW2 194 British bombers (139 Wellington, 33 Halifax, 13 Lancaster, and 9 Stirling aircraft) attacked Duisburg, Germany, destroying 11 houses and killing 17 without causing damage to the intended industrial targets; 6 bombers were lost on this mission. 
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13 Jul 1942 WW2 12 Italian frogmen swam 5 kilometers from Algeciras, Spain to Gibraltar and planted limpet mines on British merchant ships; the resulting explosions would sink the ships Meta, Shuma, and Baron Dougla and would damage the ship Empire Snipe. 
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13 Jul 1943 WW2 Hitler called off the Kursk offensive but the decision had already been taken from him by the Soviets who pounded the retreating German forces both north and south of the salient with tanks, artillery, and tank-busting aircraft. Apart from the Soviet Army, the victory at Kursk was as much a triumph for the Soviet workforce which has endured long shifts in appalling conditions to arm, clothe, and feed their fighting men. 
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13 Jul 1943 WW2 Operation Fustian: After sun down, 1,900 men from the UK 1st Airborne Division set out to capture the Primosole Bridge over the Simeto River in Sicily, Italy by parachute and glider. Less than 200 men with three anti-tank guns reached the bridge. They overpowered the guards and removed demolition charges placed by Italian engineers. However, unbeknown to the Allies, the machine gun battalion of a German parachute division had just been dropped on to that very area. The two parachute forces were immediately locked into battle, but the tiny British unit, though heavily outnumbered, would remain at the bridge awaiting arrival of reinforcements. Elsewhere, British troops captured Augusta and Ragusa in Sicily, Italy. 
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13 Jul 1943 WW2 British Air Vice Marshal Harry Broadhurst moved his Western Desert Air Force Headquarters to Pachino, Sicily, Italy with three squadrons of Spitfire VC fighters under command. Over the next week Luftwaffe operations would be reduced from 275-300 sorties per day to less than 150. 
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13 Jul 1943 WW2 Pierre Charles Cournarie was named the Governor-General of French West Africa. 
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13 Jul 1943 WW2 USS S-28 departed Dutch Harbor, US Territory of Alaska for her sixth war patrol. 
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13 Jul 1943 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru departed Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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13 Jul 1943 WW2 Adolf Hitler told Erich von Manstein that the forces to repel the Allied thrust through Italy and the Balkans would have to be found from the Eastern Front. 
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13 Jul 1943 WW2 On the 47th day of drifting at sea in teh Pacific Ocean, Louis Zamperini and Russell Phillips were found and captured by the Japanese Navy in the Marshall Islands. 
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13 Jul 1944 WW2 Red Army units captured Vilna, Lithuania. 
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13 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Hornet spent the day conducting refueling operations. 
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13 Jul 1944 WW2 The secret of the German FuG 227 Flensburg equipment, which could home-in on RAF Monica radars, was revealed when a Luftwaffe pilot landed his Junkers Ju 88G-1 night fighter by mistake at RAF Woodbridge in Suffolk, England, United Kingdom. In addition the capture of this aircraft's FuG 220 radar would permit British scientist to find a way of jamming its signal within a matter of weeks. 
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13 Jul 1944 WW2 Captain Williams Mullen was named the commanding officer of USS San Diego. 
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13 Jul 1944 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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13 Jul 1944 WW2 Japanese 18th Army under Lieutenant General Hatazo Adachi was divided by an American attack in the Aitape-New Hollandia area in New Guinea, making them effectively useless until their final defeat on 10 Aug. 
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13 Jul 1944 WW2 US Marines gave Japanese Lieutenant General Yoshitsugu Saito a military burial near Tanapag, Saipan, Mariana Islands. 
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13 Jul 1944 WW2 USAAF 332nd Fighter Group, consisted of all African-American pilots, flew its first mission over Ploesti, Romania. 
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13 Jul 1945 WW2 Large cruisers USS Alaska and USS Guam, accompanied by 4 light cruisers and 9 destroyers, sortied from Leyte, Philippine Islands to attack Japanese shipping in the East China Sea. 
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13 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Missouri escorted carriers while the aircraft struck Japan. 
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13 Jul 1945 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Four members of Congressional Committee inspected this station. Present: Edward VM IZAC, Albert A GORE, Andrew J BIEMILLER and CW BISHOP. 
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13 Jul 1945 WW2 I-400 departed Nanao Bay and arrived at Maizuru, Japan. 
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13 Jul 1945 WW2 I-401 departed Nanao Bay and arrived at Maizuru, Japan. 
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