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History on the 19th of July

History
Date Text
19 Jul 1649 RELIGIOUS In London, Edward Winslow, governor of the Plymouth Colony, helped organize theSociety for Propagating the Gospel in New England, for the purpose of converting theAmerican Indians to Christian faith.
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19 Jul 1692 RELIGIOUS Five Massachusetts women were hanged for witchcraft. Fifteen young girls in theSalem community charged as many as 150 citizens in the area with witchcraft during thegreater part of this year.
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19 Jul 1825 RELIGIOUS The American Unitarian Association was founded by members of the liberal wing ofthe Congregational churches in New England.
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19 Jul 1835 RELIGIOUS Birth of Jesse Engle, pioneer missionary. In 1898 he led the first party of fivemissionaries to Africa under sponsorship of the Brethren in Christ Missions.
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19 Jul 1904 RELIGIOUS Construction began on the Liverpool Cathedral in England. The cathedral wascompleted 20 years later and consecrated on this same date in 1924.
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19 Jul 1910 WW2 Erwin Rommel was given the rank of Fahnenjunker (officer candidate) with the 124th Infantry Regiment of the Wüttemberg Army. 
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19 Jul 1918 WW2 The armoured cruiser USS San Diego (formerly the USS California) was lost after hitting a mine 10 miles off Fire Island, New York, United States. 
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19 Jul 1936 WW2 General Francisco Franco flew from Tenerife, Canary Islands to Tetuan, Spanish Morocco to take over command of the Spanish Army of Africa. Meanwhile, he also appealed to Germany and Italy for volunteer fighters. 
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19 Jul 1936 WW2 The insurgent Spanish Nationalists succeeded in seizing power in Morocco, Navarre, Galicia, Old Castile, and Seville, but were thwarted in the key cities off Barcelona and Madrid. Santiago Casares Quiroga of the Left Republican Party resigned from the post of Prime Minister of the Republic; President Manuel Azana asked Diego Martinez Barrio, a member of the Republican Union Party, to form a moderate government which could negotiate with the rebels; when Barrio was unable to form a government which enjoyed and real support he resigned. Professor Jose Giral of the Republican Party would replace him and ordered that arms be distributed to the workers. 
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19 Jul 1936 WW2 Bob Feller made his Major League Baseball debut. 
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19 Jul 1937 WW2 In Munich, Germany, the "Exhibition of Degenerate Art" opened, containing some 650 exhibits confiscated from museums, galleries and public buildings by a committee set up by Goebbels. The Exhibition, opened by Adolf Ziegler, was an instant success with over two million visitors in the first four months; after which it went on tour around Germany. 
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19 Jul 1938 WW2 Ludwig Beck met with German Army chief Walther von Brauchitsch, attempting to persuade him to use his influence to put a stop to the invasion of Czechoslovakia. He also offered suggestions on what he thought Adolf Hitler's government should be doing, mainly social and civil concerns, instead of provoking war at this stage of Germany's rearmament. 
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19 Jul 1939 WW2 British light cruiser HMS Mauritius was launched at the Swan Hunter shipyard in Wallsend, England, United Kingdom. 
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19 Jul 1939 WW2 HMS Mauritius was launched at Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, England, United Kingdom. 
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19 Jul 1939 WW2 The keel of submarine Tuna was laid down. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 The Two-Ocean Navy Act was passed by the US Congress. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 British General Alan Brooke took over as Commander-in-Chief of Home Forces, relieving Edmund Ironside. Ironside was promoted to Field Marshal as consolation; he had only been at the helm of Home Forces for two months. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 Günther von Kluge was promoted to the rank of Field Marshal. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 Hermann Hoth was promoted to the rank of general. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 Hermann Göring was promoted to the rank of Reichsmarschall, a rank created for him so that he would outrank all Field Marshals of the German military. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 Battle of Cape Spada: British destroyers HMS Hyperion, HMS Hasty, HMS Ilex, and HMS Hero engaged Italian cruisers Giovanni dalle Bande Nere and Bartolomeo Colleoni. As the British destroyers began to flee from fight, Australian cruiser HMAS Sydney and British destroyer HMS Havock arrived to lend help. Sydney disabled Bartolomeo Colleoni with gunfire, and Ilex and Hyperion launched torpedoes to sink her, killing 121. Giovanni dalle Bande Nere was able to withdraw. 555 survivors of Bartolomeo Colleoni was rescued by Ilex and Hyperion after the battle. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 German submarine U-62 sank a British ship 30 miles northwest of Ireland; 13 were killed and 26 survived. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 German armed merchant cruiser Thor sank Dutch ship Tela off the coast of Brazil. The entire crew of 33 were taken prisoner. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 Hugo Sperrle was promoted to the rank of Generalfeldmarschall. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 Wilhelm Keitel was promoted to the rank of Generalfeldmarschall. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 Werner Mölders was promoted to the rank of Major. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 Daphne Pearson was awarded the Empire Gallantry Medal for her 31 May 1940 rescue of a pilot from a crashed bomber at RAF Detling, unspent ammunition exploding all around her. The medal was later updated to the George Cross in 1941. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 The British Army Intelligence Corps was established. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 The British Government removed the right of workers to strike. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 Cruisers USS Wichita and USS Quincy arrived at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; destroyers USS Walke and USS Wainwright arrived later on the same day with Marines for Wichita and Quincy, respectively. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 Heinz Guderian was promoted to the rank of Generaloberst (Colonel General). 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 Eduard Dietl became the first person to receive Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 Ernst Udet was promoted to Generaloberst (equivalent to Air Chief Marshal of the British RAF). 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 Walther von Brauchitsch was promoted to the rank of Generalfeldmarschall. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 Denmark withdrew from the League of Nations. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 Wolfgang Falck was ordered to see Hermann Göring; during this meeting, Falck would be promoted to the rank of Major. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 Adolf Hitler spoke to the German Reichstag about Allied warmongering and asked the United Kingdom to listen to reason and avoid war. Within an hour of the conclusion of the speech, the BBC broadcast an unofficial rejection to Hitler's bid for peace. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 British bombers attacked Bremen, Gelsenkirchen, Kassel in Germany. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 Robert von Greim was promoted to the rank of General der Flieger. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 British troopship Royal Ulsterman departed from Gibraltar for Madeira with evacuated civilians; she was escorted by destroyer HMS Velox. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 Defiant turret fighters of No. 141 Squadron RAF were launched to protect a convoy off Folkestone, England, United Kingdom but they were inadequate in defending against German aerial attacks. 6 of them were shot down by 12 German Bf 109 fighters within the first eight minutes of combat (10 killed, 2 survived), with the 3 remaining saved only by the arrival of Hurricane fighters of No. 111 Squadron RAF. Elsewhere, German bombers attacked various targets in southern and eastern Britain, leading to the loss of 3 Hurricane fighters, the death of 42 civilians in Glasgow, damage aboard destroyers HMS Griffin and HMS Beagle, and the sinking of tanker War Sepoy. The Germans lost 3 bombers and 3 fighters on this day. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 The first prototype of the cavity magnetron was delivered to the British radar research center near Swanage, England, United Kingdom. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 The keel of British corvette HMS Kingcup was laid down. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 The keel of British submarine HMS Umbra was laid down. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 British corvette HMS Bluebell was commissioned into service. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 British corvette HMS Picotee was launched. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 British submarine HMS P611 was launched. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 British minesweeping trawler HMS Crestflower was bombed and sunk by German aircraft off Portsmouth, England, United Kingdom. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 Prime Minister Winston Churchill made a proposal to the British War Cabinet suggesting the creation of Special Operations Executive (SOE) to conduct unscrupulous, underhand methods to be pursued against Germany. 
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19 Jul 1940 WW2 US President Franklin Roosevelt departed Washington Navy Yard, Washington DC, United States aboard presidential yacht Potomac, along with auxiliary vessel Cuyahoga, for a cruise in the Chesapeake Bay. 
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19 Jul 1941 WW2 British radio station BBC broadcasted about the "V Army", informing the general public on the resistance movements in occupied Europe. 
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19 Jul 1941 WW2 British citizen George Armstrong was executed at Wandsworth prison for spying. 
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19 Jul 1941 WW2 Captured (by German armed merchant cruiser Atlantis on 10 Nov 1940) Norwegian tanker Ole Jacob arrived at Bordeaux, France, carrying aviation fuel and the captured crew of tanks Ole Jacob and Teddy. 
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19 Jul 1941 WW2 Submarine HMS Umpire collided with a trawler off Kent, England, United Kingdom during her sea trials, sinking in 60 feet of water; 22 men were lost. 
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19 Jul 1941 WW2 11 British Blenheim bombers attacked an 8-ship German convoy escorted by 6 anti-aircraft ships off the Hague, Netherlands, sinking four of the transports and damaging another. 
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19 Jul 1941 WW2 Adolf Hitler ordered that American shipping were not to be attacked by German forces in order to keep the United States from fully entering the war. 
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19 Jul 1941 WW2 German submarine U-66 sank transport Holmside northeast of Cape Verde islands at 1042 hours; 21 were killed, 16 survived. 
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19 Jul 1941 WW2 Fijian ship Viti departed Suva, Fiji for Gilbert and Ellice Islands with New Zealand military servicemen aboard; she was to drop off small reconnaissance parties on many of the atolls and small islands to act as lookouts, or "coastwatchers", to watch for German surface raiders. 
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19 Jul 1941 WW2 German submarine U-153 was commissioned into service. 
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19 Jul 1941 WW2 German submarine U-375 was commissioned into service. 
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19 Jul 1941 WW2 Adolf Hitler ordered the German 2nd Panzer Group to move south toward Kiev, Ukraine as soon as the group completed the conquest of Smolensk, Russia. Heinz Guderian, commanding officer of the 2nd Panzer Group, protested and cited Moscow, Russia as the logical primary target, but Hitler would overrule him. 
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19 Jul 1941 WW2 Italo Gariboldi stepped down as the Governor-General of Italian Libya, succeeded by Ettore Bastico. 
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19 Jul 1941 WW2 Joseph Stalin declared himself the Soviet Defense Commissar (NKO). 
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19 Jul 1941 WW2 Heavy fighting between German and Soviet forces took place near Lake Peipus near Leningrad, Russia. 
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19 Jul 1941 WW2 Viktor Abakumov officially assumed the role as the head of UOO of the Soviet NKVD. 
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19 Jul 1941 WW2 Winston Churchill decided to share military intelligence gained by deciphering the German Enigma-encoded messages with the Soviets, but the Soviets would not be told how the intelligence was gained; instead, they were told that the intelligence was gained through a spies in Berlin. 
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19 Jul 1941 WW2 The keel of US destroyer Baldwin was laid down. 
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19 Jul 1941 WW2 The keel of US minesweeper Swallow was laid down. 
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19 Jul 1942 WW2 Heinrich Himmler ordered "Aktion Reinhard", the deportation of Jews in the General Government, was to be completed by 31 Dec 1942. 
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19 Jul 1942 WW2 USS S-31 was ordered to move toward the Japanese-occupied Aleutian island of Kiska. 
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19 Jul 1942 WW2 Joseph Stilwell devised the X-Y Plan for 20 to 30 Chinese divisions to invade northern Burma with the ultimate goal being Rangoon in the south. 
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19 Jul 1942 WW2 US Middle East Air Force launched B-24 bombers to attack Benghazi, Libya; at the same time, B-17 bombers of the same air force struck Tobruk. 
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19 Jul 1942 WW2 Off Accra, British West Africa (now Ghana), USS Ranger launched 72 P-40F fighters for transfer to nearby airfields; they were destined to reinforce the 10th Air Force in India. 
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19 Jul 1942 WW2 German submarine U-564 attacked Allied convoy OS-34 200 miles north of the Azores islands at 0230 hours, sinking British ship Lavington Court (7 were killed, 41 survived) and Empire Hawksbill (all 47 aboard were killed). German submarine U-332 attacked transport Leonidas M. south of Newfoundland at 1655 hours, but the torpedo missed; at 1711 hours she opened fire with her deck gun, followed by another torpedo at 1725 hours and another at 1742 hours; Leonidas M. was hit by the third torpedo, sinking her (all 31 aboard survived and 2 were captured). 
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19 Jul 1942 WW2 German submarine U-84 sank Honduran ship Baja California off the Florida Keys archipelago; 3 were killed, 34 survived. In the same area at 1912 hours, U-129 sank Norwegian ship Port Antonio; 13 were killed, 11 survived. 
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19 Jul 1942 WW2 German torpedo bombers damaged British convoy escort vessel Maline off Port Said, Egypt; Maline beached to prevent sinking but would not be repaired later. 
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19 Jul 1942 WW2 Seaplane tender USS Casco arrived at Nazan Bay, Atka Island, US Territory of Alaska in the Aleutian Islands to establish a seaplane base. Meanwhile, US 11th Air Force conducted reconnaissance missions over Attu and Agattu elsewhere in the Aleutian Islands. Finally, cruisers of US Navy Task Force 8 bombarded Kiska. 
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19 Jul 1942 WW2 While on a reconnaissance mission, a US B-17 bomber spotted a Japanese convoy departing Rabaul, New Britain toward the island of New Guinea. 
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19 Jul 1942 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Surabaya, Java. 
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19 Jul 1942 WW2 British cruisers HMS Dido and HMS Euryalus and four destroyers bombarded Mersa Matruh, Egypt. 
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19 Jul 1942 WW2 99 British bombers (40 Halifax, 31 Stirling, and 28 Lancaster) were launched to attack the Vulkan submarine yard at Vegesack district of Bremen, Germany; most bombs missed the shipyard; 3 bombers were lost on this mission. 
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19 Jul 1942 WW2 The US Navy opened the Intelligence Center/Pacific Ocean Area at Pearl Harbor in the Territory of Hawaii with 190 men in its staff to analyze captured documents, to interrogate prisoners of war, and to conduct other naval intelligence related activities. 
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19 Jul 1942 WW2 Shokaku arrived at Hashirajima island in Hiroshima Bay, Japan. 
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19 Jul 1942 WW2 An Australian cruiser squadron, sailing as US Navy Task Force 44 and under British Royal Navy Rear-Admiral Victor A. C. Crutchley's command, arrived at Wellington, New Zealand. 
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19 Jul 1942 WW2 A He 112 fighter of Romanian Escadrila 51 Vanatoare squadron flew the very first night fighter mission in Romanian history. 
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19 Jul 1942 WW2 The Soviet 66th Naval Rifle Brigade arrived at Stalingrad, Russia and was assigned to the Soviet 64th Army. 
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19 Jul 1942 WW2 US destroyer Saufley was launched. 
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19 Jul 1942 WW2 Robert Johnson joined the USAAF 61st Fighter Squadron at Bridgeport, Connecticut, United States, flying P-47B Thunderbolt aircraft. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 German submarine U-513 was sunk by depth charges from a PBM-3C Mariner aircraft of US Navy Patrol Squadron 74 south east of São Francisco do Sul, Brazil; 46 were killed, 7 survived. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 HMCS Huron (G24) was commissioned into service with Lieutenant Commander H. S. Rayner in command. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 Yekaterina Budanova shot down a Bf 109 fighter near Antracit, Luhansk, Russia, but her Yak-1 fighter also sustained damage and caught on fire. She landed safely, but when farmers rushed to help, they found her already dead. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 Canadian destroyer HMCS Huron was commissioned into service. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 Crew of Canadian destroyer HMCS Iroquois staged a brief mutiny by refusing to obey orders from Commander William Boyd Love Holms, for what they perceived as harsh treatment by the commanding officer. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 Destroyer escort USS Acree was commissioned into service. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 Destroyer escort USS Keith was commissioned into service. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 Lydia Litvyak shot down a German Bf 109G-6 fighter while flying a Yak-1b fighter. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 The US 633rd, 634th, and 635th Bombardment Squadrons (Dive) and the US 407th Bombardment Group (Dive) began operating from Amchitka, Aleutian Islands. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 Australian and American troops defended against repeated Japanese counterattacks at Mount Tambu, Australian New Guinea. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 Destroyer Yukikaze escorted a troop transport run to Kolombangara, New Georgia, Solomon Islands. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 During the day, in the Solomon Islands, B-17 and B-25 aircraft attacked Ballale Airfield on Ballale, while B-25, SBD, and TBF aircraft attacked Japanese positions at Bairoko, New Georgia. After sundown, US PBY and TBF aircraft attacked a Japanese task force near Choiseul Island east of Bougainville, sinking a destroyer and damaging a cruiser, but also losing several aircraft. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 US B-17 aircraft bombed Kahili Airfield on Bougainville in the Solomon Islands. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 The keel of British minesweeper HMS Serene was laid down at Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 The keel of Canadian frigate HMCS Joliette was laid down at Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 Light carrier Ryuho departed Truk, Caroline Islands for Kure, Japan. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 The German-sponsored French military formation Légion des Volontaires Français held a parade in Paris, France. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 German submarine U-854 was commissioned into service. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 The keel of German submarine U-825 was laid down. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 Japanese G3M bombers attacked the US airfield on Funafuti, Ellice Islands. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 Dock No. 4 at Pearl Harbor Navy Yard, US Territory of Hawaii was ready for emergency use. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 The Italian capital of Rome experienced its first air raid by the USAAF, which resulted in 1,500 civilian deaths; 157 B-17 and 112 B-24 aircraft embarked on this attack, 5 of which were lost. Most of the bombers focused on rail marshalling yards in or around the city. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 At Feltre, Italy, Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini met for the 13th and last time before Mussolini was ousted from power. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 US 7th Army and British 8th Army continued to make advances in Sicily, Italy; encountering resistance along the coast, Bernard Montgomery ordered his British 8th Army to take an alternate route, inland, toward Messina in the north. The Allied Northwest African Tactical Air Force launched B-25 bombers to attack Catania and Randazzo while US 9th Air Force P-40 aircraft bombed railroads and railcars at Alcamo to support the ground troops on Sicily. After sundown, Allied bombers struck Aquino and Nicosia. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 Naka arrived at Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 12 Polish prisoners of Auschwitz I camp were executed by hanging in front of the kitchen during roll call for helping three fellow prisoners escape. The men were Stanislaw Stawinski (No. 6569), Czeslaw Marcisz (No. 26891), Janusz Skrzetuski-Pogonowski (No. 253), Edmund Sikorski (No. 25419), Jerzy Wozniak (No. 35650), Józef Wojtyga (No. 24740), Zbigniew Foltanski (No. 41664), Boguslaw Ohrt (No. 367), Leon Rajzer (No. 399), Tadeusz Rapacz (No. 36043), Józef Gancarz (No. 24538), and Mieczyslaw Kulikowski (No. 25404). 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 Soviet troops began to threaten German positions at Bolkhov, Russia. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 Winston Churchill suggested using icebergs as floating airfields. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 British minesweeping trawler HMS Gillstone was launched. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 British destroyer HMS Undaunted was launched. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 Greek submarine Pipinos was launched in Britain. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 British submarine HMS Unswerving was launched. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 British frigate HMS Inver was commissioned into service. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 The US Naval Aircraft Factory in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States was authorized to embark on the project codenamed Gorgon to develop air-to-air turbojet-powered remotely-controlled missiles. 
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19 Jul 1943 WW2 Pope Pius XII allowed citizens of Rome, Italy to take shelter in Vatican City. 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Davao, Philippine Islands; she was damaged by a mine just prior to arrival. 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 Günther von Kluge was appointed the commanding officer of the German Army Group B (Heeresgruppe B). 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Rock detected a Japanese convoy in the Luzon Strait and attacked with ten torpedoes. She recorded six detonations, but was not able to observe whether any of the ships sank. 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 Franklin Roosevelt was nominated to run for a fourth term as the President of the United States. 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 Raoul Wallenberg might have met with Adolf Eichmann at the Hotel Majestic in Budapest, Hungary. 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 Claus von Stauffenberg was summoned to see Adolf Hitler at Rastenburg, East Prussia, Germany on the following day. 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Pompon departed for her sixth war patrol. 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 German submarine U-968 was attacked by a British RAF Liberator bomber in the Atlantic Ocean; 1 was killed, 6 were wounded. 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 The keel of US minesweeper Minivet was laid down. 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 US destroyer Zellars was launched. 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 Destroyer escort USS Wyman sank Japanese submarine I-5 360 miles east of Guam, Mariana Islands. 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 German submarine U-2502 was commissioned into service. 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 The keel of German submarine U-2513 was laid down. 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 The keel of German submarine U-3507 was laid down. 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 British minesweeper HMS Mameluke was launched. 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 British destroyer HMS Saintes was launched. 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 Destroyer escort USS Kenneth M. Willet was commissioned into service. 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 US Far East Air Force dispatched B-24 aircraft to attack Yap, Ngulu, and Sorol in the Caroline Islands. 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 In France, Canadian troops cleared Caen's southern suburbs, capturing Vaucelles, Louvigny, and Flery-sur-Orne, while British 11th Armoured Division captured Bras and Hubert-Follie. In the afternoon, 262 US 9th Air Force B-26 Marauder and A-20 Havoc aircraft attacked bridges on the Loire River and Seine River and a fuel dump at Bruz, France. 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 From Britain, US 8th Air Force dispatched 5 B-17 bombers to drop propaganda leaflets in France and Belgium while 5 B-24 bombers paradropped supplies to French resistance fighters. 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 1,082 B-17 and B-24 bombers, escorted by 670 P-38, P-47, and P-51 fighters attacked factories (hydrogen peroxide, chemical, aircraft, and ball bearing), six rail marshalling yards, a dam, and four airfields in western and southwestern Germany; 17 bombers and 7 fighters were lost. From Italy, US 15th Air Force launched 400 B-17 and B-24 bombers attacked an ordnance depot, an aircraft factory, an automobile factory, and an airfield in the München (Munich) area; 16 US aircraft were lost. 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Croaker departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for her first war patrol. 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Seahorse sank arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii, ending her fifth war patrol. 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Pouring began on the foundation for the engine overahaul facility. 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 US 34th Division captured Livorno, Italy. The Germans set up about 25,000 booby traps as they evacuated the city. 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 Soviet troops crossed the border into Latvia. 
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19 Jul 1944 WW2 In the Mariana Islands, US 7th Air Force launched P-47 aircraft based on Saipan to attack Tinian. 
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19 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Tirante arrived at at Guam, Mariana Islands, ending her second war patrol. 
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19 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Sea Robin fired eight torpedoes at a Japanese tanker in the East China Sea, but all torpedoes missed. 
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19 Jul 1945 WW2 Canadian anti-submarine patrol vessels ML 076 and ML 077 were decommissioned from service. 
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19 Jul 1945 WW2 German submarine U-181 sank transport King Frederick off southern India in the Arabian Sea at 1703 hours; 27 were killed, 29 survived. 
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19 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Brill fired four torpedoes at a Japanese destroyer in the Gulf of Thailand; all torpedoes missed. 
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19 Jul 1945 WW2 Viktor Abakumov was promoted to the rank of colonel general. 
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19 Jul 1945 WW2 Lavrentiy Beria was promoted to the rank of marshal. 
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19 Jul 1945 WW2 Vsevolod Merkulov was promoted to the rank of general. 
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19 Jul 1945 WW2 Captain Enosuke Hirano, a doctor of Unit 731, examined prisoners of war Don Atkiss, Joe Holguin, Dick Lanigan, Jim McMurria, and Joe Nason at Rabaul, New Britain. During the examination he injected them with malaria-infected blood drawn from infected Japanese personnel so he could work on a possible vaccination. 
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19 Jul 1945 WW2 Canadian corvettes HMCS Peterborough, HMCS Rosthern, and HMCS Owen Sound were decommissioned off Sorel, Quebec, Canada. 
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19 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Bugara fired 9 torpedoes at a Japanese convoy south of Saigon, Indochina. All torpedoes missed. 
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19 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Ticonderoga departed Guam, Mariana Islands. 
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19 Jul 1945 WW2 Japanese special attack aircraft damaged destroyer USS Thatcher off Okinawa, Japan; another special attack aircraft narrowly missed destroyer USS Charles J. Badger. 
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19 Jul 1945 WW2 After sundown, US 20th Air Force launched 27 B-29 Superfortress bombers to mine waters off Japan and Korea, 127 B-29 bombers to attack Fukui, 126 B-29 bombers to attack Hitachi, 91 B-29 bombers to attack Choshi, 126 B-29 bombers to attack Okazaki, and 83 B-29 bombers to attack the Nippon oil plant at Amagasaki; only 3 B-29 bombers were lost by the US 20th Air Force during this night. 
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19 Jul 1945 WW2 US Navy Task Force 38 carrier aircraft damaged carrier Amagi, carrier Katsuragi, and battleship Haruna at Kure Naval Shipyard, Japan. 
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19 Jul 1945 WW2 US warships of Task Group 35.4 conducted a final bombardment of radar stations at Nojima Saki about 90 kilometers south of Tokyo, Japan. 
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19 Jul 1945 WW2 In a ceremony held by the air groups of submarines I-400 and I-401 in Maizuru, Japan, each of the airmen received a special short sword from Vice Admiral Tadashige Daigo before they embarked on their suicide mission against Ulithi, Caroline Islands. 
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19 Jul 1945 WW2 Settsu departed Kure, Japan. 
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19 Jul 1945 WW2 P-38 aircraft of US 13th Air Force attacked a Japanese suicide boat base in Sandakan, Sabah, North Borneo, while US B-25 bombers attacked Japanese airfields at Jesselton (now Kota Kinabalu) to the west. 
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19 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Spot departed Saipan, Mariana Islands. 
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19 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Bluefish sank a Japanese patrol boat with her deck gun southeast of Singapore. 
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19 Jul 1945 WW2 Ivan Serov, Sergei Kruglov, Vasili Chernyshev, and Bogdan Kobulov were promoted to the rank of colonel general. 
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19 Jul 1945 WW2 The United States Congress ratified the Bretton Woods system of monetary management, which led to the establishment of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). 
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19 Jul 1946 WW2 New Mexico was decommissioned from service. 
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19 Jul 1947 WW2 Aung San was assassinated in Rangoon, Burma. 
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