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History on the 20th of July

History
Date Text
20 Jul 1648 RELIGIOUS The Westminster Larger Catechism was adopted by the General Assembly of the Churchof Scotland at Edinburgh. This and the Shorter Catechism have both been in regular use amongPresbyterians, Baptists and Congregationalists ever since.
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20 Jul 1726 RELIGIOUS Colonial clergyman Jonathan Edwards, 23, married Sarah Pierpont, 16. Theirmarriage prospered for over 30 years, before his premature death in 1758. Sarah herself diedonly six months later, at 48.
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20 Jul 1877 RELIGIOUS Birth of Jesse Overholtzer, who in 1937 incorporated Child Evangelism Fellowshipin Chicago. Today the CEF mission agency works in over 60 countries worldwide.
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20 Jul 1910 RELIGIOUS The Christian Endeavor Society of Missouri began a campaign to ban all motionpictures that depicted kissing between non-relatives.
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20 Jul 1921 WW2 US Army, Navy, and Marine aircraft attacked battleship Ostfriesland at Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, United States in experimental attacks on ships. 
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20 Jul 1921 WW2 Major General Kinichi Yasumitsu was named the chief of staff of the Japanese Chosen Army in occupied Korea. 
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20 Jul 1922 WW2 Hiroaki Abe became the commanding officer of destroyer Ushio. 
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20 Jul 1923 WW2 The Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa was killed in an ambush at Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico. 
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20 Jul 1932 WW2 German Chancellor Franz von Papen dissolved the Prussian government. 
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20 Jul 1933 WW2 After three months of negotiations Hitler's Government signed a concordat with the Vatican; in return for a Papal agreement not to interfere in German politics, the Germans confirmed all the confessional rights of the Catholic Church and the right to Catholic education. On the same day, the German government abolished the jurisdiction of civilian law over the military. 
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20 Jul 1934 WW2 The British Government proposed the expansion of the RAF by 41 squadrons over the next five years. It was considered to be an unnecessary and panic measure by both the Labour and Liberal Parties and was censured by both. 
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20 Jul 1936 WW2 When it became apparent that the rising in Madrid, Spain had failed, the Nationalist supporters in Toledo (40 miles to the south-west of the capital) occupied the Military Academy in the Alcazar fortress. The garrison was mainly drawn from the local Guardia Civil and Falange, and was commanded by the Commandant of the Academy, Colonel Jose Moscardo. For two months the defenders held out against the Republican Militia units besieging them, and were finally relieved when troops from the Army of Africa, led by Colonel Jose Varela, stormed into Toledo. The relieve of the Alcazar Academy did much to enhance General Franco’s reputation, but the diversion of Varela’s troops from the advance on Madrid gave the capital’s defenders further time to prepare their defences. On this same date, in Madrid, Spanish Prime Minister Giral appealed to the French Socialist Government (whose Prime Minister was Leon Blum) for arms supplies as the Nationalists appealed to Germany and Italy. Finally, the nominal leader of the rising, General Jose Sanjurjo, was killed when the aircraft bringing him from Portugal to Burgos, Spain crashed on take-off. 
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20 Jul 1938 WW2 Captain Chozo Suzuki was named the commanding officer of Settsu. 
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20 Jul 1939 WW2 The United Kingdom limited Jewish immigration to Palestine. 
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20 Jul 1939 WW2 The keel of British light cruiser HMS Uganda was laid down. 
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20 Jul 1939 WW2 2,000 Nazi Party members arrived in the Free City of Danzig from Germany. 
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20 Jul 1939 WW2 The keel of battleship Massachusetts was laid down by the Bethlehem Steel Company in Quincy, Massachusetts, United States. 
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20 Jul 1940 WW2 German aircraft sank transport Pulborough and damaging destroyer HMS Brazen off Dover, England, United Kingdom at the cost of 3 aircraft, shot down by Brazen's anti-aircraft guns. 10 miles off of the Isle of Wight, destroyer HMS Acheron was bombed and damaged by near misses. The day's actions cost the RAF 5 Hurricane fighters, 1 Spitfire fighter, and 1 Blenheim bomber, while 7 pilots and 1 gunner were killed; the Germans lost at least 6 fighters, 2 bombers, and 1 seaplane. The British government released the report that claimed 40 German aircraft shot down in the past week. 
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20 Jul 1940 WW2 During the night, British aircraft from Hemswell-Lincolnshire attacked Tirpitz to little effect. 
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20 Jul 1940 WW2 Six British Swordfish torpedo bombers from carrier HMS Eagle attacked Tobruk, Libya in search of Italian cruiser Giovanni dalle Bande Nere that escaped the Battle of Cape Spada on the previous day. The cruiser was not found in port, thus destroyers Ostro and Nembo and transport Sereno were attacked and sank instead. 
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20 Jul 1940 WW2 Destroyers USS Walke and USS Wainwright departed Rio de Janeiro, Brazil for Rio Grande du Sol, Brazil. 
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20 Jul 1940 WW2 German pilot Werner Streib of the Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 wing achieved the first night kill of the unit by shooting down a British Whitley bomber. 
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20 Jul 1940 WW2 Canadian patrol vessel HMCS Ambler departed Quebec City, Quebec, Canada to patrol Riviere du Loup. 
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20 Jul 1940 WW2 The keel of Canadian corvette HMCS Trail was laid down in North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 
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20 Jul 1940 WW2 Canadian patrol craft HMCS Norsal was commissioned into service. 
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20 Jul 1940 WW2 British bombers attacked Düsseldorf and Wismar, Germany. 
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20 Jul 1940 WW2 British submarine HMS Parthian disembarked a British agent on Crete, Greece. 
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20 Jul 1940 WW2 The British government banned the sale of new cars. 
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20 Jul 1940 WW2 British submarine HMS P612 was launched. 
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20 Jul 1940 WW2 James Lacey shot down his first enemy aircraft during the Battle of Britain, a Bf 109E fighter of German Jagdgeschwader 27 wing. 
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20 Jul 1941 WW2 Japanese luxury ocean liner Hikawa Maru arrived at Osaka, completing her 73rd round trip across the Pacific. 
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20 Jul 1941 WW2 The Soviet Union resumed diplomatic relations with the countries occupied by Germany. 
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20 Jul 1941 WW2 6 British Blenheim bombers damaged a tanker off Le Touquet, France with three high explosive bombs and several incendiary bombs, forcing the ship to beach near Berck-sur-Mer to prevent sinking. Two British aircraft and one German Bf 109 fighter were shot down. 
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20 Jul 1941 WW2 Italian torpedo boat Circe sank British submarine HMS Union with depth charges southwest of the Italian island of Pantellaria between Sicily and Tunisia. 
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20 Jul 1941 WW2 German submarine U-126 spotted transport Canadian Star in the Atlantic Ocean at 0100 hours and proceeded to attack at 0242 hours with both torpedoes fired missing; U-126 and Canadian Star engaged in a duel with surface guns, and U-126 was forced to abandon the attack. 
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20 Jul 1941 WW2 German submarine U-95 attacked transport Palma in the Atlantic Ocean at 0505 hours with both torpedoes fired missing. At 0528, U-95 opened fire with her deck gun, hitting Palma three times (though the German lookouts only spotted and recorded one hit), but Palma would be able to escape. 
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20 Jul 1941 WW2 In a broadcast to the people of occupied Europe, Prime Minister Winston Churchill inaugurated the "V" (for victory) campaign. 
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20 Jul 1941 WW2 The German 2nd Rannikkoiskukompania arrived at Bengtskär island, Finland at the entry of the Gulf of Finland. 
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20 Jul 1941 WW2 Werner Mölders was promoted to the rank of Oberst and was transferred to the Reich Air Ministry in Berlin, Germany. 
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20 Jul 1941 WW2 Soviet destroyer Stremitel'ny was sunk by German aircraft in Kolafjord north of Murmansk, Russia. 
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20 Jul 1941 WW2 Vsevolod Merkulov stepped down as the People's Commissar of State Security of the Soviet Union. 
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20 Jul 1941 WW2 Brendan Bracken was named the British Minister of Information. 
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20 Jul 1941 WW2 British destroyer HMS Lively was commissioned into service. 
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20 Jul 1942 WW2 US Marines sailed from New Zealand for exercises at Fiji. 
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20 Jul 1942 WW2 USS S-28 received orders to patrol the area surrounding Sirius Point, Aleutian Islands. 
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20 Jul 1942 WW2 The US submarine Scorpion was launched, sponsored by Ms. Elizabeth T. Monagle. 
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20 Jul 1942 WW2 Wilhelm Keitel entertained with the idea of branding Soviet prisoners of war/slave laborers on the buttocks similar to how one would treat cattle. 
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20 Jul 1942 WW2 US 1st Marine Division issued the Operation Watchtower plans for the invasion of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands. 
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20 Jul 1942 WW2 William Leahy retired from the US Navy. 
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20 Jul 1942 WW2 Japanese submarine I-11 sank Greek ship G. S. Livanos 75 miles south of Sydney, Australia. 
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20 Jul 1942 WW2 3 B-17 bombers of US 11th Air Force attacked Kiska, Aleutian Islands. At Adak Island, seaplane tender USS Gillis was attacked by Japanese H6K flying boats, received one hit, but sustained no damage as the bomb failed to explode. Finally, on Unalaska Island, the US Navy established Naval Air Facility Dutch Harbor and Naval Operating Base Dutch Harbor. 
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20 Jul 1942 WW2 Douglas MacArthur departed Melbourne, Australia. 
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20 Jul 1942 WW2 Tenryu departed Rabaul, New Britain for Buna, Australian Papua. 
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20 Jul 1942 WW2 24 Japanese G4M bombers and 15 A6M fighters attacked Port Moresby, Papua on the island of New Guinea. Meanwhile, at Rabaul, New Britain, 5th Sasebo Special Naval Landing Force of the Japanese Navy and Yokoyama Detachment of the Japanese 17th Army departed on three transports. 
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20 Jul 1942 WW2 German submarine U-132 damaged transport Frederika Lensen of Allied convoy QS-19 off Anticosti Island in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence in Canada at 1839 hours; 4 were killed, 36 survived. Frederika Lensen would be beached to prevent sinking although she would ultimately be declared a total loss due to extensive damage. 
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20 Jul 1942 WW2 HMS Eagle departed Gibraltar with 31 Spitfire fighters and 4 Swordfish torpedo bombers for Malta in Operation Insect. 
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20 Jul 1942 WW2 German armed merchant cruiser Thor sank British ship Indus 1,950 miles west of Australia; 22 were killed, 49 survived. 
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20 Jul 1942 WW2 Benito Mussolini arrived in Rome, Italy. 
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20 Jul 1942 WW2 Suzanne Walker became the first enlisted member of the Women's Royal New Zealand Naval Service. 
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20 Jul 1942 WW2 Soviet troops retook the German bridgehead at Voronezh, Russia. 
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20 Jul 1942 WW2 USS R-1 arrived at New London, Connecticut, United States. 
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20 Jul 1942 WW2 The US Army officially activated the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment at Camp Toccoa, Georgia, United States. 
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20 Jul 1942 WW2 The first members of the US Women's Army Auxiliary Corps began training at Fort Des Moines, Iowa, United States. 
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20 Jul 1942 WW2 The keel of US destroyer escort Moore was laid down. 
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20 Jul 1942 WW2 The keel of US destroyer Prichett was laid down. 
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20 Jul 1942 WW2 The keel of US submarine Ray was laid down by the Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company in Manitowoc, Wisconsin, United States. 
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20 Jul 1942 WW2 US minesweeper Chickadee was launched. 
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20 Jul 1942 WW2 US submarines Scamp was launched. 
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20 Jul 1942 WW2 Destroyer USS Chevalier was commissioned into service. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 USS Enterprise made port call at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard for an extensive overhaul. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 Ameer was commissioned into service. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 The US Joint Chiefs of Staff ordered Chester Nimitz to begin planning operations in the Ellice and Gilbert Islands. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 The National Committee for a Free Germany made a broadcast of its manifesto to Germany from the Soviet Union. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 British and US bombers sank German submarine U-558 in the Bay of Biscay northwest of Cape Ortegal, Spain with depth charges; 45 were killed, 5 survived. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 Allied aircraft attacked German submarine U-195 in the Bay of Biscay, killing 1. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 US destroyers USS Aylwin and USS Monaghan bombarded Kiska, Aleutian Islands. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 In the Solomon Islands, US 13th Air Force launched 18 B-24 bombers against Kahili Airfield, Bougainville Island and other targets on Ballale Island. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 US Marine and US Navy aircraft sank two Japanese destroyers south of Choiseul Island in the Solomon Islands. On New Georgia, the Northern Landing Group (1st Marine Raider Regiment, 4th Raider Battalion, and 3rd Battalion of the US Marine Corps and the 148th Division of the US Army) attacked Bairoko Harbor. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 The keel of Canadian frigate HMCS Prestonian was laid down at Lauzon, Quebec, Canada. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 The keel of Canadian frigate HMCS Sea Cliff was laid down at Lauzon, Quebec, Canada. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 The keel of Canadian corvette HMCS Asbestos was laid down at Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 The keel of Canadian corvette HMCS Hawkesbury was laid down at Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 Canadian tug HMCS Glenlea was launched at Owen Sound, Ontario, Canada. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 German government reports dated this date indicated that, since 2 Mar 1943, there had been 20 transports of Jews from the Netherlands to Sobibór Concentration Camp, totaling over 34,000 persons; only 19 of these deportees survived the Holocaust. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 German submarine U-242 was launched. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 German submarine U-292 was launched. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 German submarine U-1165 was launched. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 USS Pollack departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for her eighth war patrol. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 The underground oil storage facility at Red Hill, Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii was completed. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Part of Marine Fighting Squadron 222 (VMF-222) arrived on board. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 Italian troops surrendered en masse to US troops in Sicily, Italy as US 82nd Airborne Division captured Sciacca and Menfi, US 9th Infantry Division captured Santo Stefano Quisquina and the heights north of Mussomeli, US 2nd Armored Division with British troops in support captured Enna, Canadian 1st Division reached Leonforte, and British 51st Division attacked the Sferro airfield. In the air, Allied Northwest African Strategic Air Force fighter-bombers attacked various targets in western Sicily while medium bombers struck Montecorvino Airfield. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 About 150 aircraft of Allied Northwest African Strategic Air Force and over 100 aircraft US 9th Air Force attacked Rome, Italy for a second day in a row, targeting rail marshalling yards and the Ciampino Airfield. When the US 9th Air Force returned from Rome, they dropped their remaining bombs on targets at Anzio and Sicily. The city of Naples was also bombed by US bombers on this day. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 Crown Prince Yi Un was made the commanding officer of Japanese 1st Air Army. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 Naka arrived at Mili Atoll, Marshall Islands. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 USS Permit entered the Sea of Japan. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 German troops evacuated Mtensk, Russia. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 The Soviet STAVKA ordered all partisans in German-occupied Europe to attack German rail traffic. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 Heinrich Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein shot down seven Soviet aircraft in one single night mission near Oryol, Russia, increasing his victories to 41. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 Vsevolod Merkulov was named the People's Commissar of State Security of the Soviet Union. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 British submarines HMS Spirit was launched. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 British submarines HMS Vampire was launched. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 The keel of US escort carrier Nehenta Bay was laid down. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 US escort carrier Natoma Bay was launched. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 Franklin Roosevelt ordered that information regarding atomic research was to be shared with the British. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 Minesweeper USS Sway was commissioned into service. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 US frigate Sausalito was launched. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 Destroyer escort USS Burke was commissioned into service. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 Destroyer escort USS Scott was commissioned into service. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 Lockheed and USAAF began a three day evaluation of a full scale mock up of a XP-80 jet fighter. 
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20 Jul 1943 WW2 USS Wahoo completed a period of trials and training off California, United States. After returning to Mare Island Navy Yard in Vallejo, California, United States, squadron commander Captain John B. Griggs, Jr. came aboard to present awards. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 Ludwig Beck passed away. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 French troops began withdrawing from Italy in preparation for the invasion of southern France. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 The British Operation Goodwood in France was stalled by heavy weather; thus far, over 400 tanks were lost. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Hoe fired 4 torpedoes at a Japanese freighter, scoring no hits. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Astoria arrived at Hampton Roads, Virginia, United States. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 Benito Mussolini met with Adolf Hitler at Rastenburg, East Prussia, Germany shortly after the failed assassination attempt on Hitler. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 The US Army formed the Pearl Harbor Board to analyze the Japanese attack of Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii of 7 Dec 1941. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 Allied aircraft attacked German submarine U-965 in the Atlantic Ocean, killing 1 and wounding 1. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 German submarine U-861 sank Brazilian troop transport Vital de Oliviera off Brazil. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 Austrian-born Oberfeldwebel Hermann Buchner was awarded the Knight's Cross medal for 600 combat sorties and 456 aerial victories. Buchner would survive the war with a combined total of 58 kills (four of these whilst flying Me 262 jet fighters), plus 46 tanks and one armoured train destroyed. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 Canadian corvette HMCS Cobalt completed its forecastle extension work at Liverpool, Nova Scotia, Canada. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 US Far East Air Force B-24 bombers attacked Yap, Caroline Islands. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 6 US B-17 bombers were launched after sundown to drop propaganda leaflets over France while 12 B-24 bombers dropped supplies to resistance fighters. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 British destroyer HMS Isis was sunk, either by a German naval mine or by a German Neger manned torpedo off Normandy, France. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 Canadian frigate HMCS Matane was damaged by a glider bomb off Brest, France, killing 2. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 Operation Valkyrie was launched to assassinate Hitler and to overthrow the Nazi German government. It failed, leading to the arrest and execution of many who became implicated in the plot. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 Bombers of US 8th Air Force in Britain and US 15th Air Force in Italy attacked Dessau, Kothen, Leipzig, Nordhuasen, Rudolstadt, Merseburg, Bad Nauheim, Koblenz, and many other targets across Germany. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 German submarine U-3001 was commissioned into service. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 The keel of German submarine U-2335 was laid down. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 Light carrier Ryuho completed her flight deck repairs and exited the drydocks at Kure, Japan. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 PB4Y-1 Liberator bombers of US Navy Patrol Bomber Squadron 109 from Saipan, Mariana Islands attacked Iwo Jima, Haha Jima, and Chichi Jima in the Bonin Islands. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 P-47 aircraft of US 7th Air Force continued to attack Japanese positions on Tinian while US Navy warships bombarded Guam in the Mariana Islands. Meanwhile, underwater demolition teams conducted their final missions to remove obstacles on the invasion beaches at Asan and Agat on Guam. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 British destroyer HMS Crescent was launched at Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 British minesweeper HMS Jewel was launched. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 British boom defense vessel HMS Precise was launched. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 British submarine HMS Vengeful was launched. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 British destroyers HMS Whirlwind was commissioned into service. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 British destroyers HMS Zest was commissioned into service. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 The staff at the Los Alamos site of the Manhattan Project shifted focus to work on the implosion mechanism for the atomic bomb. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 US escort carrier Gilbert Islands was launched. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 US submarine USS Tigrone was launched. 
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20 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Marcus Island embarked US Navy squadron VC-21 at San Diego, California, United States. 
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20 Jul 1945 WW2 The US Army Air Force began launching B-29 bomber raids, each with very few planes, against Japanese cities. The goal of such missions was to make such small raids a frequent occurrence to increase the success rate of the planned atomic bomb missions. 
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20 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Sea Robin fired a torpedo at a Japanese ship in the East China Sea; the torpedo missed. 
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20 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Baya attacked a Japanese patrol craft in the South China Sea with her deck gun. 
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20 Jul 1945 WW2 Achille Van Acker recommended abdication for King Leopold III of Belgium. 
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20 Jul 1945 WW2 Canadian corvette HMCS Oakville was decommissioned off Sorel, Quebec, Canada. 
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20 Jul 1945 WW2 Canadian corvette HMCS Prescott was decommissioned off Sorel, Quebec, Canada. 
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20 Jul 1945 WW2 Canadian corvette HMCS St. Lambert was decommissioned off Sorel, Quebec, Canada. 
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20 Jul 1945 WW2 Canadian patrol vessel HMCS Ambler was decommissioned off Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada. 
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20 Jul 1945 WW2 Canadian patrol vessel HMCS Reindeer was decommissioned off Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada. 
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20 Jul 1945 WW2 Canadian patrol vessel HMCS Caribou was decommissioned off Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada. 
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20 Jul 1945 WW2 Canadian patrol vessel HMCS Moose was decommissioned off Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada. 
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20 Jul 1945 WW2 Canadian motor launch HMC ML 078 was decommissioned off Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada. 
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20 Jul 1945 WW2 British carrier HMS Reaper departed Cherbourg, France with a captured German Ar 234 aircraft aboard. 
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20 Jul 1945 WW2 At Potsdam, Germany, Harry Truman declared that the Allies would demand no territory upon victory. 
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20 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Ticonderoga re-joined Task Group 38.3; Air Group 87 aircraft struck Nagoya, Osaka, and Miko in Japan. 
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20 Jul 1945 WW2 HMS Indefatigable joined UK Task Force 37 and US Task Force 38.2 for an attack on the Japanese home islands. On the same day, an US Army B-29 bomber failed to attack the Imperial Palace in Tokyo with a large "Pumpkin bomb". 
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20 Jul 1945 WW2 US 11th Air Force launched 8 B-24 bombers against Matsuwa Airfield, Matsuwa, Hokkaido, Japan in the Kurile Islands. Meanwhile, 94 Iwo Jima-based US P-51 fighters strafed airfields at Kamezaki, Meiji, Okazaki, Nagoya, Kagamigahara, Hamamatsu, and Komaki; 3 fighters were lost. 
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20 Jul 1945 WW2 The US Congress ratified the Bretton Woods monetary agreement. 
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20 Jul 1946 WW2 Pogy was decommissioned from service. 
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20 Jul 1946 WW2 Tirante was decommissioned from service. 
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20 Jul 1947 WW2 The Dutch authorised a "Police Action" involving three divisions on Java and three Brigades on the larger, but less populated, Sumatra in the Dutch East Indies. The Dutch forces managed to capture most towns and interned the Nationalist insurgents, but most insurgents fled to the hills where they continued to mount guerrilla raids. 
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20 Jul 1949 WW2 Israel signed an armistice with Syria to de-escalate the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, also known as the Israeli Independence War. 
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20 Jul 1962 RELIGIOUS Pope John XXIII sent invitations to all 'separated Christian churches andcommunities,' asking each to send delegate-observers to the upcoming Vatican II EcumenicalCouncil in Rome.
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