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History on the 21st of July

History
Date Text
21 Jul 1773 RELIGIOUS Clement XIV issued the brief, 'Dominus ac redemptor noster,' officially dissolvingthe Society of Jesus (Jesuits). This politically-based suppression afterward leftconspicuous gaps in Catholic education and foreign missions.
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21 Jul 1829 RELIGIOUS Birth of public school teacher Priscilla Jane Owens. A Methodist who remained inBaltimore all her life, she left behind two enduring hymns: 'We Have an Anchor' and 'JesusSaves.'
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21 Jul 1886 RELIGIOUS The cardinal's hat was conferred upon Elzear Alexandre Taschereau, 66, archbishopof Quebec. He was the first Canadian to be made a cardinal in the Catholic Church.
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21 Jul 1911 WW2 British Chancellor of the Exchequer David Lloyd George delivered a speech at the Mansion House in which he declared that national honour was more precious than peace. The speech was interpreted in Germany as a warning that they could not impose an unreasonable settlement on France. 
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21 Jul 1917 WW2 In Russia the Provisional Government was reorganized with Alexande Kerensky assuming the post of Prime Minister. 
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21 Jul 1918 WW2 Franklin Roosevelt arrived at Plymouth, England, United Kingdom aboard USS Dyer. 
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21 Jul 1921 WW2 After dropping a total of 63 bombs since the previous day in experimental attacks on ships, including 1,000-pound and 2,000-pound bombs, battleship Ostfriesland sank in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, United States, proving that capital ships could be destroyed by unopposed aircraft. 
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21 Jul 1925 RELIGIOUS Following a sensational 12-day trial, high school biology teacher John T. Scopeswas found guilty of teaching evolution in his Dayton, TN classroom and was fined $100.
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21 Jul 1936 WW2 El Ferrol, the main naval base in the north-west of Spain, surrendered to the Nationalists. As a result the Nationalists acquired battleship Espana, cruiser Republica, cruiser Admirante Cervera, destroyer Valesco, and two under-construction cruisers Baleares and Canarias. 
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21 Jul 1938 WW2 Germany passed laws requiring Jews to carry identification cards, effective 1 Jan 1939. 
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21 Jul 1939 WW2 British Foreign Secretary Lord Halifax wrote to British Ambassador to Poland Clifford Norton, asking him to expressed to the Polish government the British desire for Poland to refrain from acting defiantly to recent German threats. 
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21 Jul 1939 WW2 British minesweeping trawler HMS Windermere was launched. 
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21 Jul 1940 WW2 Battleship Bismarck underwent an inclining test. 
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21 Jul 1940 WW2 British Hampden bombers from No. 61 and No. 144 Squadrons attacked German cruiser Admiral Scheer at Wilhelmshaven, Germany, causing no damage. 
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21 Jul 1940 WW2 British Hampden bombers from No. 61 and No. 144 Squadrons attacked German battleship Tirpitz at Wilhelmshaven, Germany, causing no damage. 
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21 Jul 1940 WW2 German submarine U-30 sank British ship Ellaroy 180 miles west of Cape Finisterre, Spain. The entire crew of 16 took to lifeboats and were later rescued by Spanish trawler Felix Montenegro. 
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21 Jul 1940 WW2 Mikio Furusho passed away. 
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21 Jul 1940 WW2 German aircraft attacked convoys in the English Channel. 1 British Hurricane fighter and 1 British Spitfire fighter were shot down, while the Germans lost 3 fighters and 1 Do 17 bomber. 
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21 Jul 1940 WW2 British Blenheim bombers of No. 107 Squadron RAF attacked Caen, Morlaix, and Querqueville in France. 
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21 Jul 1940 WW2 The German Army High Command submitted a plan to Adolf Hitler for an operation in the Baltic States and the Ukraine. 
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21 Jul 1940 WW2 3 bombers of No. 51 Squadron RAF attacked Hamm, Germany; the rail marshalling yard was the primary target. 10 bombers of No. 77 Squadron RAF and 10 bombers of No. 102 Squadron RAF attacked Kassel, Germany; the aircraft factory was the primary target. Finally, 5 bombers of No. 78 Squadron RAF attacked Soest, Germany; the rail marshalling yard was the primary target. 
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21 Jul 1940 WW2 The Soviet Union revealed the result of plebiscites in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania held on 14 Jul 1940, claiming that the citizens of the three countries approved the Soviet annexation of their countries. The Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic was declared. 
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21 Jul 1940 WW2 Edvard Beneš established the Czechoslovakian government-in-exile in London, England, United Kingdom. 
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21 Jul 1940 WW2 US President Franklin Roosevelt returned to Washington Navy Yard, Washington DC, United States after a cruise in the Chesapeake Bay aboard presidential yacht Potomac. 
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21 Jul 1941 WW2 Hiroaki Abe was transferred out of Japanese Navy Destroyer Squadron 6. 
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21 Jul 1941 WW2 German submarine U-140 sank the 161-ton Soviet submarine M94 by torpedoes in the Baltic Sea. The survivors were rescued by M98 operating nearby off Hiiumaa Island. 
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21 Jul 1941 WW2 German submarine U-109 refueled from German supply ship Thalia off Cadiz, Spain. 
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21 Jul 1941 WW2 Japan secured an agreement from the Vichy-French government to permit a virtual Japanese occupation of Indo-China. 
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21 Jul 1941 WW2 Orion rounded Cape Horn and entered the Atlantic Ocean. 
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21 Jul 1941 WW2 Outside Minsk, Byelorussia, German SS troops ordered 30 Byelorussians to bury 45 Jews alive in a pit; upon meeting refusal, the SS men executed the entire group of 75 by machine gun fire. 
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21 Jul 1941 WW2 Canadian minesweeper HMCS Guysborough was launched in North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 
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21 Jul 1941 WW2 Free French leader Charles de Gaulle met with British Minister of State in Cairo Oliver Lyttleton in Cairo, Egypt, complaining of the shortcomings in the arrangement in the Middle East where Free French troops were placed under British command. De Gaulle noted that Free France would assume direct control of troops in the theater as of noon of 24 Jul 1941. 
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21 Jul 1941 WW2 The Allied convoy "Substance" departed Gibraltar to supply Malta; it contains six transports, carrier Ark Royal, battlecruiser Renown, battleship Nelson, several cruisers, and six destroyers. 
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21 Jul 1941 WW2 The Majdanek Concentration Camp near Lublin, Poland became operational. 
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21 Jul 1941 WW2 195 German Luftwaffe bombers, most of which were He 111 bombers, took off from an airfield near Smolensk, Russia to attack the Soviet capital of Moscow in multiple waves during the night; the resulting air alarms were the first to be sounded in the city. Moscow had strong anti-aircraft defences, the city was protected by 170 fighters, and the citizens were able to take shelter in the newly completed underground railway stations, but German air crews reported the presence of very few Soviet fighters after sunset. On the next day the Soviets would report the downing of 22 German bombers, but German records only showed 6 bombers failing to return. 
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21 Jul 1941 WW2 Soviet troops evacuated from the positions along the Dniestr River in western Ukraine. 
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21 Jul 1941 WW2 Hugh Dalton informed Winston Churchill that his Special Operations Executive was now ready to support covert operations in German-occupied Europe. 
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21 Jul 1941 WW2 The keel of British minesweeper HMS Cadmus was laid down. 
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21 Jul 1941 WW2 The keel of British minesweeper HMS Circe was laid down. 
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21 Jul 1941 WW2 The keel of submarine Gunnel was laid down by the Electric Boat Company in Groton, Connecticut, United States. 
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21 Jul 1941 WW2 The keel of US minesweeper Velocity was laid down. 
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21 Jul 1941 WW2 The keel of US minesweeper Tumult was laid down. 
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21 Jul 1941 WW2 The keel of US minesweeper Token was laid down. 
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21 Jul 1941 WW2 The keel of US destroyer Evans was laid down. 
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21 Jul 1941 WW2 The keel of US destroyer John D. Henley was laid down. 
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21 Jul 1941 WW2 Franklin Roosevelt asked the United States Congress to modify the Selective Service Act, increasing the period of service from one year of active service to also include 30 months in reserve. 
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21 Jul 1942 WW2 American submarines sank three Japanese destroyers near Kiska, Aleutian Islands. 
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21 Jul 1942 WW2 The keel for the future USS Cod was laid down. 
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21 Jul 1942 WW2 Destroyer Yuzuki supported the invasion of Buna, New Guinea. 
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21 Jul 1942 WW2 The United States Marine Corps 1st Base Depot established an advanced echelon at Wellington, New Zealand. 
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21 Jul 1942 WW2 After a four-hour pursuit, German submarine U-160 sank British transport Donovania 5 miles off Grand Matelot Point, Trinidad at 1029 hours, hitting her with 1 of 3 torpedoes fired; 5 were killed, 45 survived. 
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21 Jul 1942 WW2 The keel of British destroyer Zest was laid down. 
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21 Jul 1942 WW2 The keel of German submarine U-846 was laid down. 
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21 Jul 1942 WW2 Malta-based British aircraft attacked Italian transport Rosolino Pilo, which was escorted by two destroyers and two smaller vessels, after she had departed from Brindisi, Italy; they would fail to destroy the transport. 
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21 Jul 1942 WW2 Four B-24 bombers of US 11th Air Force were launched to attack Kiska, Aleutian Islands, but the attack was turned back due to weather. US Navy Task Force 8, dispatched to attack in conjunction, however, continued on, receiving additional fuel from oiler USS Guadalupe en route. 
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21 Jul 1942 WW2 Franklin Roosevelt recalled US Ambassador to France William Leahy to serve as Roosevelt's military chief of staff. 
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21 Jul 1942 WW2 German submarine U-84 damaged US Liberty Ship William Cullen Bryant of Allied convoy TAW-4J 40 miles southwest of Key West archipelago, Florida, United States at 0908 hours; all 54 aboard survived. 
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21 Jul 1942 WW2 Japanese submarine I-11 sank American ship Coast Farmer 90 miles south of Sydney, Australia; 1 was killed, 40 survived. 
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21 Jul 1942 WW2 Vice Admiral Gunichi Mikawa of the Japanese 8th Fleet based at Rabaul, New Britain, Bismarck Archipelago issued a request for more destroyers. 
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21 Jul 1942 WW2 USS S-43 disembarked RAAF Flight Officer Cecil John Trevelyan Mason on Anir island near New Ireland to check in with coast watchers. Mason would be captured without knowledge of USS S-43's crew. 
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21 Jul 1942 WW2 2,000 Japanese Army troops, Special Naval Landing Forces troops, and laborers, along with field guns and horses, landed at Gona on the northern coast of New Guinea. 10 kilometers to the east, another group of 1,000 Japanese landed at Buna. 
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21 Jul 1942 WW2 Tenryu provided cover for the landings at Buna, Australian Papua. 
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21 Jul 1942 WW2 Canadian corvette HMCS Matapedia completed her refit Pictou, Nova Scotia, Canada. 
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21 Jul 1942 WW2 New Zealand 6th Brigade launched an offensive south of Ruweisat Ridge near El Alamein, Egypt at 1630 hours, gaining several key positions early in the attack, but the British tanks failed to follow up as planned, thus leaving the forward units vulnerable to the counterattacks that would arrive on the next day. 
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21 Jul 1942 WW2 Shokaku departed Hashirajima island in Hiroshima Bay, Japan. 
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21 Jul 1942 WW2 HMS Eagle launched 29 Spitfire fighters and 4 Swordfish torpedo bombers for Malta in Operation Inspect; 1 Spitfire fighter would be lost en route from a leaky fuel tank. 
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21 Jul 1942 WW2 German 1st Panzer Army and 17th Army established positions west, north, and east of Rostov-on-Don, Russia. 
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21 Jul 1943 WW2 The German authorities in Belgrade, Yugoslavia offered a massive reward for the betrayal and capture of Yugoslav partisan leader, Tito. 
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21 Jul 1943 WW2 The keel of British frigate HMS Retalick was laid down. 
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21 Jul 1943 WW2 The keel of German submarine U-779 was laid down. 
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21 Jul 1943 WW2 German submarine U-1225 was launched. 
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21 Jul 1943 WW2 Canadian corvette HMCS The Pas collided with transport Medina while escorting Allied convoy ON 192 off the New England region of the United States; two men were killed. 
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21 Jul 1943 WW2 Destroyer escort USS Herbert C. Jones was commissioned into service. 
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21 Jul 1943 WW2 Minesweeper USS Revenge was commissioned into service. 
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21 Jul 1943 WW2 The keel of destroyer escort Currier was laid down. 
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21 Jul 1943 WW2 The keel of destroyer escort McClelland was laid down. 
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21 Jul 1943 WW2 Lydia Litvyak shot down a German Bf 109 fighter while flying a Yak-1b fighter. 
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21 Jul 1943 WW2 USS S-35 arrived at Attu, Aleutian Islands. 
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21 Jul 1943 WW2 9 B-24 bombers of US 11th Air Force bombed Kiska, Aleutian Islands while two US Navy destroyers bombarded the Gertrude Cove area of the same island. 
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21 Jul 1943 WW2 A PBY-5A Catalina aircraft of the VP-94 squadron of the US Navy sank German submarine U-662 with depth charges in the estuary of the Amazon River, Brazil; 44 were killed, 3 survived. 
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21 Jul 1943 WW2 A large number of US Army and US Navy aircraft attacked Japanese positions at Bairoko, New Georgia in the Solomon Islands. Despite the powerful air strikes, the Northern Landing Group's attack on Bairoko Harbor was repulsed and the Americans fell back to Enogai; the Northern Landing Group was consisted of 1st Marine Raider Regiment, 4th Raider Battalion, and 3rd Battalion of the US Marine Corps and the 148th Division of the US Army. Nearby, a very small contingent of US Army, US Navy, and US Marine Corps officers landed at Barakoma, Vella Lavella to scout the area for a possible landing site. 
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21 Jul 1943 WW2 US Marine Corps squadron VMF-214 arrived at Banika Island, Russell Islands. 
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21 Jul 1943 WW2 Canadian trawler HMCS Anticosti completed her refit at Louisbourg, Nova Scotia, Canada. 
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21 Jul 1943 WW2 Japanese G3M bombers attacked the US airfield at Funafuti, Gilbert Islands. 
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21 Jul 1943 WW2 Erwin Rommel inspected German defenses in Greece. 
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21 Jul 1943 WW2 Before dawn, Allied Northwest African Tactical Air Force attacked Italian ships in waters near Randazzo, Sicily, Italy. On land on this day, US 1st Infantry Division captured Alimena, US 3rd Infantry Division captured Corleone, US 45th Infantry Division captured Valledolmo, US 82nd Airborne Division captured San Margherita, US Rangers captured Castelvetrano, and Canadian 1st Division captured Leonforte. After dark, US 9th Air Force B-25 bombers attacked the Randazzo area again. 
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21 Jul 1943 WW2 Before dawn, British Wellington bombers of the Allied Northwest African Strategic Air Force attacked the airfield at Crotone and the rail marshalling yard at Naples in southern Italy. During hte day, US B-17 bombers also of the Allied Northwest African Strategic Air Force attacked the airfield at Grosseto on the western coast of central Italy. 
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21 Jul 1943 WW2 Naka arrived at Wotje Atoll, Marshall Islands. 
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21 Jul 1943 WW2 USS Bluefish departed New London, Connecticut, United States. 
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21 Jul 1943 WW2 USS Wahoo departed Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, California, United States. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Rock detected a Japanese convoy in the Luzon Strait and attacked with four torpedoes. She recorded two detonations, but was not able to observe whether any of the ships sank. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 Heinz Guderian was appointed Chief of the Army General Staff. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Guitarro departed Frementle, Australia for her second war patrol. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 A military and damage control inspection party from USS Wyoming, headed by Rear Admiral D. B. Beary, boarded USS Astoria at Virginia, United States for an inspection. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 Heinz Brandt died from wounds suffered during the 20 Jul 1944 assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler in Rastenburg, East Prussia, Germany. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Finback arrived at Majuro, Marshall Islands, ending her ninth war patrol. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 8 B-17 bombers of US 8th Air Force dropped propaganda leaflets over France after sundown. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 British frigates HMS Curzon and HMS Ekins sank German submarine U-212 with depth charges south of Brighton, England, United Kingdom; all 49 aboard were killed. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 The keel of German submarine U-3009 was laid down. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 German submarine U-1110 was launched. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 Canadian tug HMCS Glenlivit was commissioned into service. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 Canadian frigate HMCS Levis was commissioned into service. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 Canadian frigate HMCS Stone Town was commissioned into service. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 Destroyer escort USS Dufilho was commissioned into service. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 Destroyer USS John W. Weeks was commissioned into service with Commander Robert A. Theobald. Jr. in command. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 Brazilian corvette Camaquã was struck by a series of large waves and sank 27 miles off Recife, Brazil while escorting Allied convoy JT-18; 35 were killed. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 B-17 and B-24 bombers of US 15th Air Force based in Italy attacked Brüx in Czechoslovakia (Czech name "Most"), targeting the synthetic oil refinery. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 Claus von Stauffenberg was executed in Berlin, Germany. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 1,110 bombers of US 8th Air Force were launched from England, United Kingdom against Germany, hitting München (Munich), Saarbrücken (targeting rail marshalling yards), Oberpfeffenhofen, Walldrun (targeting rail marshalling yards), Regensburg, Stuttgart, Schweinfurt, and other locations; a total of 31 bombers and 8 escorting fighters were lost. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 Field Marshal Erwin von Witzleben was arrested by the Gestapo. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 US 3rd Marine Division landed near Agana and US 1st Provisional Marine Brigade landed near Agat on Guam, Mariana Islands; the landing was supported by US Navy Task Force 53. US Navy and US Army aircraft attacked Tinian of Mariana Islands, Eniwetok of Marshall Islands, and Truk and Yap of Caroline Islands as indirect support. Troops of the US Army 77th Infantry Division arrived in the afternoon; their landing was difficult due to the lack of LVT vehicles. A mile-deep beachhead was established at both landing sites by sundown. The Japanese attempted a counterattack during the night, which was repulsed. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Wasp's aircraft provided aerial cover for the invasion of Guam, Mariana Islands. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Recreation facilities - 6 handball courts and one basketball court for officers; and 2 handball courts, 2 basketball courts, and one athletic field for enlisted men, turned over to station. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 The French Expeditionary Corps and the US VI Corps began to be withdrawn from the front lines in Italy to prepare for the invasion of Southern France. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Alabama escorted US carriers as carrier aircraft attacked Japanese positions on Guam, Mariana Islands. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 Kashii arrived at Manila, Philippine Islands. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 The Soviet Third Baltic Front captured Ostrov, Pskov Oblast, Russia. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 In Moscow, Russia, the Soviet Union announced the establishment of the Polish Committee of National Liberation to administer areas of liberated Poland, angering the Polish government-in-exile based in Britain. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 No. 616 Squadron RAF, equipped with Meteor Mk I jet fighters, was transferred to RAF Manston in southern England, United Kingdom. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Baltimore depart San Diego, California, United States, with destroyer USS Fanning in escort and US President Franklin Roosevelt aboard, for Adak, Aleutian Islands. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 At Chicago, Illinois, United States, the Democratic National Convention nominated Senator Harry Truman to run as Franklin Roosevelt's vice presidential candidate in the upcoming election. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 US Army transport FS-185 was commissioned into service at New Orleans, Louisiana, United States under the command of US Coast Guard Lieutenant (jg) L. C. Rickert. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 US Army transport FS-186 was commissioned into service at New Orleans, Louisiana, United States under the command of US Coast Guard Lieutenant F. D. Obrian. 
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21 Jul 1944 WW2 Air Group 80 flew off of USS Ticonderoga and landed in Norfolk, Virginia, United States. 
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21 Jul 1945 WW2 The Allied leadership threatened Japan with destruction if it did not surrender. 
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21 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Sea Robin fired a torpedo at a Japanese patrol boat in the East China Sea; the torpedo missed. Later in the same day, she sank two small tankers with her deck gun. 
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21 Jul 1945 WW2 Allied leaders selected Nürnberg, Germany as the location for trials against accused German war criminals. 
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21 Jul 1945 WW2 Soviet submarine ShCh-411 was commissioned into service. 
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21 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Macabi reached waters near Truk, Caroline Islands as a lifeguard vessel. 
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21 Jul 1945 WW2 British Prime Minister Winston Churchill took the salute at a parade of the 7th Armoured Division through the Charlottenburger Chaussee in Berlin, Germany. This was a great honour to the "Desert Rats" who had fought all the way from El Alamein, Egypt to the German capital. 
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21 Jul 1945 WW2 12 M26 Pershing heavy tanks arrived at Okinawa, Japan. 
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21 Jul 1945 WW2 I-400 departed Maizuru, Japan. 
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21 Jul 1945 WW2 I-401 departed Maizuru, Japan. 
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21 Jul 1946 WW2 Douglas Bader retired from the British Royal Air Force at the rank of group captain. 
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21 Jul 1946 WW2 A prototype McDonnell FH-1 Phantom naval fighter made the first landing by an American jet aboard an aircraft carrier, the USS Franklin D. Roosevelt. 
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21 Jul 1958 RELIGIOUS English apologist C.S. Lewis wrote in a letter: 'What the devil loves is thatvague cloud of unspecified guilt or unspecified virtue, by which he lures us into despairor presumption.'
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