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History on the 24th of July

History
Date Text
24 Jul 1216 RELIGIOUS Cencio Savelli was consecrated Pope Honorius III. During his 11-year pontificate,he confirmed two well-known religious orders: the Dominicans in 1216 and the Franciscansin 1223.
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24 Jul 1550 RELIGIOUS French-born Swiss reformer John Calvin wrote in a letter: 'If you make a constantstudy of the word of the Lord, you will be quite able to guide your life to the highestexcellence.'
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24 Jul 1725 RELIGIOUS Birth of John Newton, an English slave ship's captain. He was converted at age22, and entered the Anglican ministry. Newton is remembered today as author of severalenduring hymns, including 'Amazing Grace' and 'Glorious Things of Thee Are Spoken.'
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24 Jul 1819 RELIGIOUS Birth of Josiah G. Holland, American writer who in 1874 authored the Christmashymn, 'There's a Song in the Air.'
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24 Jul 1918 WW2 Iwane Matsui was promoted to the rank of colonel. 
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24 Jul 1918 WW2 General Heitaro Utsunomiya was named the commanding officer of the Japanese Chosen Army in occupied Korea, relieving Satoshi Matsukawa. 
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24 Jul 1918 RELIGIOUS On Mt. Scopus in Jerusalem, the cornerstone for Hebrew University was laid by Dr.Chaim Weizmann. (Weizmann was later elected first president of the modern state of Israel.)
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24 Jul 1923 WW2 The Treaty of Lausanne was agreed between the Allies and Turkey (the successor state to the Ottoman Empire). This superseded the Treaty of Sèvres which had not been recognized by the new Turkish regime. 
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24 Jul 1938 WW2 In Spain, in order to relieve pressure on the Madrid defences and to divert the Spanish Nationalist offensive directed at Valencia, Spanish Republican General Juan Modesto's newly formed Republican Army of the Ebro launched an offensive across the River Ebro. Initially the attack forced the Nationalists, commanded by General Juan Yagüe, to retreat, but after having advanced up to 25 miles in places, the Republicans dug in to await the Nationalist counter-attack. 
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24 Jul 1938 WW2 The 6th Division of the Japanese 11th Army Group attacked Taihu County, Anhui, China. 
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24 Jul 1939 WW2 Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov met with British and French representatives to work out a potential agreement against Germany; the plan Molotov proposed was similar to the 1914 alliance in an attempt to contain the German Empire. 
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24 Jul 1939 WW2 Hungarian Prime Minister Pál Teleki informed Germany and Italy that should a war broke out between Germany and Poland, Hungary would not participate in a joint invasion; German leader Adolf Hitler would soon intimidate Teleki to retract the statement. On the same day, Italian leader Benito Mussolini warned Hitler that should war break out due to the Polish-German tension, Italy would come to Germany's help, but Mussolini believed it would not be a simple Polish-German War, but rather, other nations such as the United Kingdom and France would be dragged in, leading to another great war. 
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24 Jul 1939 WW2 Japanese bombers attacked Chongqing, China; one of the I-15bis fighters of Chinese 21st Pursuit Squadron which rose to intercept claimed one bomber shot down. 
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24 Jul 1939 WW2 Japanese artillery bombarded Soviet positions at the Kawatama Bridge in Mongolia Area of China while infantry units launched small scale attacks. 
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24 Jul 1940 WW2 During the night, 14 British Whitley aircraft attacked battleship Tirpitz to little effect. 
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24 Jul 1940 WW2 1,277 French Navy sailors captured by the British on 3 Jul departed Southampton, England, United Kingdom aboard French passenger liner Meknes for Marseilles in southern France for repatriation. At 2230 hours, German torpedo boat S-27 fired a torpedo at the French ship off the northern Brittany coast in the English Channel despite her displays of neutrality, killing 416. British destroyers HMS Viscount, HMS Wolverine, HMS Sabre, and HMS Shikari rescued the survivors. 
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24 Jul 1940 WW2 Reports of the Lancastria disaster (which was sunken by air attack on 17 Jun 1940 with 1,738 killed) were released in London, England, United Kingdom after Winston Churchill lifted the media ban. 
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24 Jul 1940 WW2 At 0630 hours, German Luftwaffe aircraft bombed the Rolls Royce factory at Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, but instead the nearby printing works was damaged. At 0730 hours, German Ju 88 bombers attacked shipping in the Bristol Channel, with 1 Ju 88 shot down by British Spitfire fighters of the No. 92 Squadron. At 1200 hours, 18 Do 17 bombers escorted by 40 Bf 109 fighters attacked shipping in the Thames estuary, sinking minesweeping trawler Fleming, killing 19; ensuing dogfight above resulted in 9 Bf 109 fighters and 2 Spitfire fighters shot down. Finally, German bombers sank anti-submarine trawler Kingston Galena (killing 16) and minesweeper Rodino (killing 4) off Dover. 
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24 Jul 1941 WW2 US Marine Corps established a Marine Detachment under the 1st Defense Battalion at Johnston Island. 
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24 Jul 1941 WW2 The RAF submitted a report for the week ending 24 Jul 1941. Coastal Command flew 252 patrols (364 sorties) and escorted 94 convoys (264 sorties). Fighter Command flew 704 shipping protection patrols (1,476 sorties). 
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24 Jul 1941 WW2 HMS Edinburgh arrived at Malta. 
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24 Jul 1941 WW2 USS Astoria departed San Pedro, California, United States. 
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24 Jul 1941 WW2 Free France, distrustful of British command of its troops in the Middle East, took back control effective at 1200 hours. 
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24 Jul 1941 WW2 James Lacey engaged two German Bf 109 fighters and claimed kills on both of them after the two German aircraft collided in mid-air during the dogfight. 
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24 Jul 1941 WW2 68 Dutch officers arrived at the Oflag IV-C camp at Colditz Castle in Germany; they were the first Dutch prisoners at this prisoners of war camp. 
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24 Jul 1942 WW2 Oppenhheimer was selected to head the atomic bomb research efforts. 
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24 Jul 1942 WW2 With the US High Command threatening to withdraw entirely from the European theatre of war, President Franklin Roosevelt interceded and informed Prime Minister Winston Churchill that he now accepted the British point of view regarding delaying the opening of a Second Front in North West Europe until 1943 or 1944. At the same time he agreed to a proposed Anglo-American landing in French North Africa later in the year. 
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24 Jul 1942 WW2 The repair work on light cruiser Voroshilov completed. 
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24 Jul 1942 WW2 Canadian destroyer HMCS St. Croix sank German submarine U-90 560 miles east of St. John's, Newfoundland; all 44 aboard were killed. 
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24 Jul 1942 WW2 German submarine U-77 sank Syrian sailboat Toufic El Rahman with her deck gun 30 miles east of Cape Greco, Cyprus at 1817 hours; all aboard survived. 
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24 Jul 1942 WW2 USS S-43 departed Anir island near New Ireland after failing to make contact with RAAF Flight Officer Cecil John Trevelyan Mason for the past three days (S-43's crew did not realize that Mason had been captured by the Japanese); she set sail for Brisbane, Australia. 
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24 Jul 1942 WW2 Tenryu arrived at Rabaul, New Britain. 
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24 Jul 1942 WW2 Company B of Australian 39th Battalion ambushed 500 Japanese troops at Gorari Creek along the Kokoda Trail in Australian Papua; after killing 15, the company fell back two miles to Oivi. 
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24 Jul 1942 WW2 USS Narwhal sank Japanese guard boat Shinsei Maru No. 83, merchant ship Nissho Maru, and merchant ship Kofuji Maru with her deck gun between Hokkaido and Kurile Islands in northern Japan. 
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24 Jul 1942 WW2 Nachi entered the drydock at Yokosuka, Japan. 
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24 Jul 1942 WW2 German SS Wiking Division captured the airfield near Rostov-on-Don, Russia while German 125th Infantry Division entered the city center. 
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24 Jul 1942 WW2 Allied convoy PQ-17 arrived at Arkhangelsk, Russia. Also arriving Arkhangelsk were destroyers HMS Marne, HMS Martin, HMS Middleton, and HMS Blankney, carrying ammunition and other war supplies. 
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24 Jul 1943 WW2 The first of almost 1,000 Allied personnel were interned in Sweden when their USAAF B-17 bomber crash landed. 
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24 Jul 1943 WW2 Cabot was commissioned into service. 
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24 Jul 1943 WW2 Cotten was commissioned into service. 
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24 Jul 1943 WW2 Winston Churchill said "There is no doubt that in the welter of inefficiency and lassitude which has characterised our own operations on the Indian front, this man," referring to Orde Wingate, "his force and his achievements stand out; and no question of seniority must obstruct the advance of real personalities in their proper station in war." 
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24 Jul 1943 WW2 Destroyer Yukikaze departed Rabaul, New Britain, Bismarck Islands for Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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24 Jul 1943 WW2 German submarine U-703 was ordered to go to Hopen island, Norway to pick up stranded Russian sailors (from Russian freighter Dekabrist which was sunk many months prior). 
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24 Jul 1943 WW2 Naka arrived at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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24 Jul 1943 WW2 The first operational use of "Window" radar jamming took place during Operation Gomorrah when 746 RAF planes drop 2,300 tons of explosive on Hamburg, Germany, losing 12 aircraft. Hamburg burned in a major firestorm that killed a significant number of civilians. 
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24 Jul 1943 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Part of Fighting Squadron 5 (VF-5; Model F6F-3) on board. Part of Torpedo Squadron 5 (VT-5; Model TBF-1) on board. Part of Bombing Squadron 5 (VB-5; Model SBD-5) on board. 
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24 Jul 1943 WW2 The Fascist Grand Council in Rome, Italy voted 19 to 7 for King Vittorio Emanuele III of Italy to retake command of Italian military from Mussolini; Count Ciano, Mussolini's son-in-law, also voted against him. Upon relieving his duties, King Vittorio Emanuele III ordered Mussolini arrested. 
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24 Jul 1943 WW2 Light carrier Ryuho arrived at Kure, Japan and was assigned to the Maintenance Force of the Mobile Force of Carrier Division 2 of the Third Fleet. 
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24 Jul 1943 WW2 Polish political prisoner Heinz Radomski was executed in the washroom of Block 11 at the Auschwitz Concentration Camp in Poland. 
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24 Jul 1943 WW2 Submarine Parche was launched at Kittery, Maine, United States, sponsored by Miss Betty Russell, daughter of US District Judge and former US Navy Judge Advocate General Robert Lee Russell. 
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24 Jul 1944 WW2 As Soviet units crossed the River San north of Lublin, Poland, German troops began evacuating that city. 
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24 Jul 1944 WW2 American troops landed on Tinian, Mariana Islands. 
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24 Jul 1944 WW2 The British bombing of Kiel, Germany that began on the previous date ended before dawn. The damage was extensive, causing the city to have no running water for 3 days, the trains and buses were out of commission for 8 days, and gas service was out for nearly 3 weeks. 
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24 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Permit sank a Japanese transport off Yap, Caroline Islands, hitting her with 1 of 3 torpedoes fired. 
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24 Jul 1944 WW2 Majdanek Concentration Camp became the first concentration camp to be liberated by Soviet troops (and the first to be liberated overall). 
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24 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Blenny reported sinking a small Japanese craft with the deck gun in the South China Sea off Malaya. 
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24 Jul 1945 WW2 US President Harry Truman informed Soviet leader Joseph Stalin that the United States had successfully constructed atomic weapons. Stalin showed surprise, but in actuality he had already learned this through the Soviet intelligence network. 
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24 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Bugara sank 4 small enemy craft with her deck gun in the Gulf of Siam and South China Sea area during the day. 
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24 Jul 1945 WW2 I-402 was commissioned into service. 
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24 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Sea Robin fired three torpedoes at a Japanese oiler in the East China Sea; all torpedoes missed. 
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24 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Chub sank a Japanese tug in the Java Sea with her deck gun. 
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24 Jul 1945 WW2 The Allied Control Commission for Austria was established in Vienna. 
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24 Jul 1945 WW2 More than 100 B-24 bombers based in Okinawa, Japan attacked Japanese airfields at Shanghai, China. 
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24 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Gunnel arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii, ending her eighth war patrol. 
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24 Jul 1945 WW2 British TF 37 launched 416 sorties, 261 of which were sent against the Japanese home islands and 155 were for defensive patrols; escort carrier Kaiyo was damaged by British carrier planes. On the same day, American TF 38 launched 600 aircraft against Kure, Nagoya, Osaka, and Miho, sinking battleship-carrier Hyuga, heavy cruiser Tone, and target ship Settsu, and damaging carrier Ryuho, carrier Amagi, battleship-carrier Ise, battleship Haruna, heavy cruiser Aoba, light cruiser Oyodo, transport Kiyokawa Maru; the Aichi aircraft factories at Nagoya were seriously damaged. 
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24 Jul 1945 WW2 Light carrier Hosho was hit by a bomb or a rocket during an attack by US aircraft at Kure, Japan; the damage was minor. 
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24 Jul 1945 WW2 Settsu was attacked by 30 US Navy F6F-3 fighters while off Kure, Hiroshima, Japan after 1500 hours, suffering one direct bomb hit and five near misses. Captain Masanao Ofuji grounded her on the island of Etajima to prevent sinking. 
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24 Jul 1945 WW2 The destroyer escort USS Underhill was sunk off the Philippine Islands by a Japanese Kaiten midget submarine with the loss of 112 crew. 
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24 Jul 1945 WW2 General Henry Arnold, head of the USAAF, was presented with a top-secret memorandum specifying possible targets recommended for attack with atomic bombs. 
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24 Jul 1948 WW2 Rhee Syngman was sworn in as the President of the Republic of Korea at the General Government Building in Seoul, Korea. 
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