25 Jul 0325
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history
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RELIGIOUS
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The Council of Nicea closed. Regarded as the first 'ecumenical council,' its 300attending bishops drafted the Nicene Creed and fixed the formula for Easter Sunday.
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25 Jul 1741
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history
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RELIGIOUS
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English revivalist George Whitefield wrote in a letter: 'Your extremity shall beGod's opportunity.'
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25 Jul 1845
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history
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RELIGIOUS
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Canadian-born Catholic missionary Fran
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25 Jul 1899
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history
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RELIGIOUS
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Birth of Stuart K. Hine. While an English missionary to the Ukraine, Hine pennedthe English words to an oft-sung Swedish hymn, known today as 'How Great Thou Art.'
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25 Jul 1910
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history
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WW2
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Prince Hiroyasu was assigned to the Naval General Staff.
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25 Jul 1919
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history
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WW2
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Kenkichi Ueda was promoted to the rank of colonel.
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25 Jul 1920
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history
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WW2
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Semyon Timoshenko was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for the first time.
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25 Jul 1927
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history
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WW2
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Destroyer No. 34 was commissioned into service with Commander Shigeru Osamu in command.
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25 Jul 1927
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history
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WW2
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The newly created Air Defence of Great Britain, the UK-based element of the RAF, staged the first annual tactical air defence exercise. The four day exercise involved all the RAF's fighting elements plus contributions by the Observer Corps and the Ground Forces of London.
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25 Jul 1928
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history
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WW2
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Jiang Dingwen was named the commanding officer of the Chinese 9th Division.
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25 Jul 1928
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history
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WW2
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He Yingqin was made a member of the drug enforcement committee.
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25 Jul 1933
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history
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WW2
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Germany began to implement the sterilization program for the undesired populations.
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25 Jul 1934
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history
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WW2
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Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuß was assassinated by members of the Nazi Party.
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25 Jul 1936
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history
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WW2
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The COMINTERN agreed to send volunteers and funds to aid the Spanish Republic.
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25 Jul 1937
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history
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WW2
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Japanese 20th Division clashed with Chinese troops at the city of Langfang, China, major rail junction between Beiping and Tianjin. This was the first major battle of the Second Sino-Japanese War.
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25 Jul 1937
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history
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WW2
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Light carrier Hosho's aircraft shot down a Chinese B-10 bobmer near Shanghai, China.
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25 Jul 1937
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history
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WW2
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Destroyer Squadron 29 of US Asiatic Fleet departed Yantai, Shandong Province, China and made rendezvous with USS Augusta at sea.
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25 Jul 1938
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history
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WW2
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Chitose was commissioned into service.
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25 Jul 1938
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history
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WW2
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Chiyoda was commissioned into service.
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25 Jul 1938
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history
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WW2
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Several officers and men of USS Enterprise participated in a parade in Ponce, Puerto Rico, during which several Puerto Rican nationalists disrupted parade with gunfire.
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25 Jul 1939
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history
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WW2
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The prototype Avro Manchester made its first flight. Although it served with eight Bomber Command Squadrons, the Manchester suffered from persistent engine problems and was withdrawn from service in 1942.
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25 Jul 1939
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history
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WW2
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The British Admiralty placed an order for 26 Flower-class corvettes under the 1939-40 Naval Estimates.
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25 Jul 1939
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history
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WW2
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Japanese 64th Infantry Regiment and 72nd Infantry Regiment launched a failed main attack on Soviet forces defending the Kawatama Bridge in Mongolia Area of China.
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25 Jul 1939
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history
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WW2
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The British Royal Navy issued an order to Henry Robb, Limited of Leith, Scotland, United Kingdom for the contruction of a corvette which would later be named Dianthus.
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25 Jul 1940
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history
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WW2
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The German Reich Economic Minister outlined the New Order for Europe, citing use of forced labor from occupied nations.
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25 Jul 1940
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history
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WW2
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Commander of the Swiss military General Henri Guisan vowed that Switzerland would defend against any German or Italian invasion.
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25 Jul 1940
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history
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WW2
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The United States banned the sale of scrap metal and petroleum to Japan.
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25 Jul 1940
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history
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WW2
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German battleship Gneisenau completed its torpedo damage repairs and departed Trondheim, Norway for Kiel, Germany for more thorough repairs. She was escorted by cruiser Nürnberg and destroyers Galster, Lody, Jacobi, and Ihn; torpedo boats Luchs, Jaguar, Kondor, Iltis, and T.5 would join the convoy overnight near Stavanger, Norway.
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25 Jul 1940
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history
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WW2
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USS Wichita and USS Quincy departed Rio de Janeiro, Brazil for Bahia, Brazil.
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25 Jul 1940
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history
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WW2
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USS Trenton arrived at Annapolis, Maryland, United States and disembarked members of the royal family of the Duchy of Luxembourg.
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25 Jul 1940
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history
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WW2
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The United Kingdom evacuated women and children from Gibraltar.
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25 Jul 1940
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history
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WW2
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German aircraft attacked shipping and naval bases at Dover, Portsmouth, Poole, and Portland in Britain; also on this day, aircraft and torpedo boats attacked convoy CW8 in the Dover Strait, sinking 5 vessels and killing 9 men. By the end of the day, 21 German aircraft and 6 British fighters were lost. The British claimed that 25 German aircraft were shot down on this day, which was the highest daily claim yet.
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25 Jul 1941
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history
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WW2
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Lieutenant Commander Otoji Nakamura became the commanding officer of I-68.
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25 Jul 1941
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history
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WW2
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Quintin Brand was appointed the commanding officer of the No. 20 (Training) Group.
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25 Jul 1941
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history
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WW2
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Werner Mölders traveled to the Wolf's Lair at Rastenburg, East Prussia, Germany and met with Adolf Hitler, Wilhelm Keitel, and Hermann Göring.
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25 Jul 1941
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history
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WW2
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British bombers took off at 2230 hours on the previous day, reaching Kiel, Germany at about 0145 hours on this date; bombs were dropped on the Deutsche Werke shipyard facilities; surviving attacks landed at their bases in Britain at about 0600 hours. On the same day, Bombers of British No. 102 Squadron RAF attacked Hanover, Germany after sundown.
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25 Jul 1941
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history
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WW2
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HMS Edinburgh was attacked by a German torpedo bomber at Malta; the torpedo missed.
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25 Jul 1941
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history
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WW2
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He 111 bombers of German Luftwaffe II./KG 4 were briefed for a night bombing mission over Moscow, Russia, but at the last minute they were ordered to mine the waters off Saaremaa island (German: Ösel) off Gulf of Riga, Estonia.
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25 Jul 1941
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history
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WW2
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He 111 bombers of German Luftwaffe I./KG 55 attacked Soviet anti-aircraft positions at Dorogobush, Smolensk Oblast, Russia. One bomber was shot down.
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25 Jul 1941
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history
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WW2
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General Paul von Kleist's 1st Panzer Group clashed with no fewer than six Soviet mechanised corps under the capable General Mikhail Kirponos in Ukraine. A sprawling tank battle, the largest of the war up to that point, swayed backwards and forwards across the steppes for four days, before superior German tactical handling and communications, plus their use of 88-mm guns, won the day. Kiponos was forced to retreat eastward towards Kiev.
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25 Jul 1942
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history
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WW2
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Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Singapore.
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25 Jul 1942
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history
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WW2
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The German 1.Panzerarmee captured Rostov-on-Don, Russia. Meanwhile, Soviet Marshal Semyon Budyonny's North Caucasus Front absorbed the remains of General Rodion Malinovsky's shattered South Front, launching what was called the Tikhoretsk-Stavropol Defensive Operation.
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25 Jul 1942
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history
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WW2
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German submarine U-160 sank Dutch ship Telamon 75 miles southeast of Trinidad at 0144 hours; 23 were killed, 14 survived. At 0352 hours, U-552 attacked Allied convoy ON-113 580 miles east of St. John's, Newfoundland, damaging British tanker British Meriton (1 was killed) and British ship Broompark (4 were killed). At 0955 hours, U-89 sank Canadian fishing boat Lucille M. with her deck gun 75 miles south of Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada; all 11 aboard survived. At 1653 hours, U-130 sank Norwegian tanker Tankexpress 900 miles west of Freetown, British West Africa; all 39 aboard survived. Finally, at 2305 hours, U-201 sank British minesweeping trawler HMS Laertes 185 miles southwest of Freetown; 19 were killed.
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25 Jul 1942
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history
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WW2
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Japanese submarine I-169 sank Dutch ship Tjinegara 74 miles southwest of Nouméa, New Caledonia at 2330 hours; all 36 aboard survived but the 477 horses aboard would all drown.
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25 Jul 1942
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history
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WW2
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Japanese leadership paused the advance along the Kokoda Trail in Australian Papua as they overestimated the strength of defending Allied forces.
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25 Jul 1942
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history
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WW2
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US B-17 bombers attacked Tobruk, Libya.
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25 Jul 1942
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history
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WW2
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German bombers attacked Middlesbrough, England, United Kingdom, damaging buildings in the city center.
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25 Jul 1942
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history
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WW2
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USS Flying Fish arrived at Midway Atoll, ending her first war patrol.
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25 Jul 1943
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history
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WW2
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Mussolini was arrested. Upon learning the news of the change in government, German troops were prepared to disarm the Italian military.
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25 Jul 1943
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history
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WW2
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The RAF commenced dropping small strips of metal foil (codename "Window") to confuse frequencies of the efficient German precision radars.
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25 Jul 1943
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history
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WW2
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Orde Wingate was recalled to Britain.
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25 Jul 1943
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history
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WW2
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USS Pompon sank Japanese cargo ship Thames Maru in the Dutch East Indies and damaged two other ships; she expended 8 torpedoes and observed 5 hits.
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25 Jul 1943
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history
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WW2
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US Army Major General Nathan Twining replaced US Navy Rear Admiral Marc Mitscher as Commander, Aircraft, Solomons.
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25 Jul 1943
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history
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WW2
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USS S-35 arrived at Dutch Harbor, US Territory of Alaska, ending her sixth war patrol.
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25 Jul 1943
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history
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WW2
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The Americans launched what would be the final offensive against Japanese positions on New Georgia in the Solomon Islands.
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25 Jul 1943
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history
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WW2
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I-168 departed Truk, Caroline Islands for Rabaul.
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25 Jul 1943
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history
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WW2
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Repair ship Akashi completed the repair work for cruiser Aoba at Truk, Caroline Islands.
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25 Jul 1943
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history
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WW2
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Irako departed Truk, Caroline Islands for Kure, Japan with cruiser Aoba, with destroyers Amatsukaze and Urakaze in escort.
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25 Jul 1943
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history
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WW2
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109 USAAF bombers attacked Hamburg, Germany in the afternoon as a follow up to the night raid by British bombers on the previous day; 15 bombers were lost. Elsewhere, Essen was also targeted with 2,000 tons of bombs.
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25 Jul 1943
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history
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WW2
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Troops of German 1st Mountain Division massacred 153 people of the village of Mousiotitsa in Greece.
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25 Jul 1943
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history
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WW2
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German submarine U-703 arrived at Hopen island, Norway and picked up four survivors of Russian freighter Dekabrist, including the skipper Beliaev.
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25 Jul 1944
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history
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WW2
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The first preliminary test of the RaLa Experiment was performed by the scientists of the Manhattan Project; it was the first in a series of experiments attempting to create a spherical implosion to detonate a nuclear weapon.
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25 Jul 1944
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history
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WW2
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Operation Cobra, the US breakout operation in France, began. Canadian troops attacked south of Caen, France.
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25 Jul 1944
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history
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WW2
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In Berlin, Germany, Goebbels was designated the Reich Plenipotentiary for Total War.
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25 Jul 1944
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history
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WW2
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German authorities completed the evacuation of Jewish ghettos in Kovno, Lithuania.
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25 Jul 1944
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history
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WW2
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Soviet units reached the Vistula River in Poland. To the north, the Germans evacuated Narva, Estonia, taking up defensive positions to the west.
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25 Jul 1944
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history
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WW2
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USS hoe fired 6 torpedoes at a Japanese submarine, scoring no hits.
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25 Jul 1944
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history
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WW2
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George Bush shared the credit for sinking of a Japanese cargo ship off the Palau Islands.
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25 Jul 1944
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history
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WW2
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USS Franklin launched strikes against Palau Islands, Yap Island, and Ulithi Atoll through 27 Jul 1944.
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25 Jul 1944
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history
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WW2
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USS Wasp's aircraft attacked Japanese positions in the Palau Islands.
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25 Jul 1944
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history
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WW2
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USS Segundo arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii.
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25 Jul 1944
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history
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WW2
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Production of P-39 Airacobra fighters ceased.
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25 Jul 1945
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history
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WW2
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USS Blenny reported sinking two small Japanese craft with the deck gun in the South China Sea off Malaya.
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25 Jul 1945
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history
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WW2
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US General Carl Spaatz was ordered to prepare for the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Kokura, Niigata, or Nagasaki in Japan; the target date was set for some time after 3 Aug.
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25 Jul 1945
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history
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WW2
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US carrier aircraft attacked Japanese shipping in the Inland Sea near Osaka and Nagoya, Japan.
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25 Jul 1945
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history
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WW2
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USS Bugara sank 6 small enemy craft with her deck gun in the Gulf of Siam and South China Sea area during the day.
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25 Jul 1945
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history
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WW2
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I-401 began to sail on the surface after traveling submerged for the paste two days.
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25 Jul 1945
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history
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WW2
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Lavrentiy Beria informed Joseph Stalin that the railroad connecting Komsomolsk and the port city of Sovetskaya Gavan in Khabarovsk Krai, eastern Russia had completed.
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25 Jul 1945
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history
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WW2
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USS Wake Island arrived at San Diego, California, United States.
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25 Jul 1946
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history
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WW2
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Operation Crossroads: The United States conducted test 'Baker' in the Bikini Islands, which saw an atomic detonation under the sea.
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25 Jul 1946
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history
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WW2
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USS IX-300 (former German cruiser Prinz Eugen) was a target ship during the Baker atomic test of Operation Crossroads, sustaining damage below the waterline.
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25 Jul 1946
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history
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WW2
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USS Skipjack was sunk during the atomic bomb blast at Bikini Atoll in Operation Crossroads.
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25 Jul 1948
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history
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WW2
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Otto Skorzeny revealed to fellow prisoners that he was planning on escaping.
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25 Jul 1968
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history
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RELIGIOUS
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Pope Paul VI published the encyclical 'Humanae Vitae.' It restated the Catholicposition on the family, and condemned all artificial methods of birth control.
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