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History on the 27th of July

History
Date Text
27 Jul 1741 RELIGIOUS Birth of Fran
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27 Jul 1861 RELIGIOUS Birth of Cyrus H. Nusbaum, an American Methodist clergyman who penned the hymn,'Would You Live for Jesus, and Be Always Pure and Good?' (aka 'His Way With Thee').
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27 Jul 1901 RELIGIOUS Death of B.F. Westcott, 76, English N.T. scholar. In 1881, he and colleague F.J.A.Hort published the most precise critical text of the Greek New Testament ever compiled --still in use today.
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27 Jul 1903 RELIGIOUS Death of Caroline (Lina) V. Sandell Berg, 71. Known as the 'Fanny Crosby ofSweden,' her most beloved hymns (in their English translation) include 'Day by Day' and'Children of the Heavenly Father.'
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27 Jul 1911 WW2 Omar Bradley received a telegram noting he had been accepted into the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, United States. He was to report in at the academy before noon on 1 Aug 1911. 
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27 Jul 1913 RELIGIOUS In Oxford, PA, the first Victorious Life Conference closed. Founder Robert C.McQuilkin, inspired by England's Keswick Movement, emphasized in these meetings anattainment of spiritual freedom from the power of every known sin.
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27 Jul 1914 WW2 The French Government ordered the embarkation of the 100,000-strong North African Garrison. 
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27 Jul 1927 WW2 HMS Hermes arrived at Weihai, Shandong Province, China, a British leased territory. 
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27 Jul 1929 WW2 The "Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva July 27, 1929", commonly known as the Geneva Convention, was signed in Geneva, Switzerland. 
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27 Jul 1932 WW2 Adolf Hitler spoke to three separate large crowds in the Berlin-Potsdam area in Germany. 
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27 Jul 1933 WW2 Nobuyoshi Muto stepped down as the commanding officer of the Japanese Kwantung Army in northeastern China. 
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27 Jul 1936 WW2 The airlift, which was to carry the Army of Africa from Spanish Morocco to Spain, began when German and Italian transport aircraft arrived in Spain’s North African territories. 
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27 Jul 1937 WW2 Japanese troops besieged the city of Tongzhou (Tungchow), China. 
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27 Jul 1938 WW2 Japanese 106th Division marched south from Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China. 
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27 Jul 1939 WW2 B-23 Dragon aircraft took its maiden flight. 
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27 Jul 1940 WW2 15 German dive bombers attacked 6 British minesweeping trawlers and escort destroyers in the English Channel 20 miles off Aldeburgh, Suffolk, England. Destroyer HMS Wren sank after one of the several near misses she suffered made a large hole below the waterline (killing 37), while destoyer HMS Montrose lost her bow and had to be towed to Harwich, Essex. German aircraft also bombed Dover in southern England, sinking destroyer HMS Codrington who was undergoing boiler cleaning (wounding 3). At the end of the day, the Germans lost 2 fighters and 1 Ju 87 Stuka dive bomber, while the British lost 1 Spitfire fighter and 1 Hurricane fighter. 
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27 Jul 1940 WW2 German submarine U-34 attacked Allied convoy OB-188 350 miles west of Scotland, United Kingdom before sunrise, sinking British ship Sambre at 0258 hours and British tanker Thiara at 0313 hours. British destroyer HMS Winchelsea rescued Sambre's entire crew of 48 and 36 of 61 of Thiara's crew (25 were killed). 
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27 Jul 1940 WW2 The first five Beaufighter IF fighters were handed over to the RAF for evaluation. 
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27 Jul 1940 WW2 A Board of Enquiry was held regarding the sinking of HMS Effingham two months prior. 
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27 Jul 1940 WW2 US President Franklin Roosevelt, Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox, and US Congress House of Representatives' Naval Affairs Committee chairman Carl Vinson departed Washington Navy Yard, Washington DC, United States aboard presidential yacht Potomac for Norfolk Navy Yard, Virginia, United States. 
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27 Jul 1941 WW2 The Japanese Imperial General Headquarters officially decided to pursue a southern advance, abandoning the previous ambitions against Russia. 
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27 Jul 1941 WW2 The United Kingdom nationalized railroads for the duration of the war. 
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27 Jul 1941 WW2 Douglas MacArthur was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general. 
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27 Jul 1941 WW2 German leader Adolf Hitler requested Romanian leader Ion Antonescu to conquer and occupy the Ukrainian territory between Dniester and Bug Rivers. 
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27 Jul 1941 WW2 Wilhelm Keitel ordered all copies of the 13 May 1941 order, which effectively allowed German military personnel to murder Soviet civilians, destroyed. Several copies would remain, however, and surface during the Nuremberg Trials. 
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27 Jul 1941 WW2 Five British motor torpedo boats (MTB) sailed from Dover, England, United Kingdom to attack a German destroyer in the English Channel. Two of the boats narrowly escaped collision when crossing each other's bows at top speed by only ten feet. When the attack took place the torpedoes were fired at too great a range scoring no hits, in fact one torpedo actually just missed one of the friendly MTBs. On the way home one of the MTBs opened fire on a British aircraft which came down to investigate them. 
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27 Jul 1941 WW2 German troops captured Tallinn, Estonia. 
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27 Jul 1941 WW2 Italian manned torpedoes and motor torpedo boats attacked Grand Harbour, Malta, causing minor damage to British vessels and installations but nearly all Italian vessels were lost in the attack. Commander Vittorio Moccagatta was among the Italian fatalities. 
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27 Jul 1941 WW2 Four teenagers, son and nephews of Nestor Lakoba, political enemy of Lavrentiy Beria (already killed in Dec 1936), were executed in Moscow, Russia as sentenced by the Military Collegium of the Soviet NKVD. 
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27 Jul 1942 WW2 American submarine USS Gar detected Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru and allowed her to pass. 
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27 Jul 1942 WW2 In southern Russia, German troops captured Bataysk, while the 6th Army attempted to destroy the Soviet bridgehead near Kalach. 
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27 Jul 1942 WW2 USS Boise departed Pearl Harbor for Japan; it was to generate radio traffic to deceive the Japanese of a large invasion force. 
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27 Jul 1942 WW2 Destroyer Yuzuki escorted a troop convoy from Rabaul, New Britain, Bismarck Islands to Buna, New Guinea. 
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27 Jul 1942 WW2 German submarine U-582 sank US ship Stella Lykes 820 miles west of Freetown, British West Africa at 0847 hours; 1 was killed, 49 survived, 2 of whom were captured. At 1414 hours, U-752 sank Norwegian ship Leikanger 450 miles southwest of Freetown; 18 were killed, 13 survived. At 1740 hours, U-130 sank British ship Elmwood 670 miles west of Freetown; all 51 aboard survived. 
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27 Jul 1942 WW2 Australian troops began preparing defenses at the Kokoda airfield in Australian Papua. Two transport aircraft carrying reinforcements for the airfield circled the airfield and headed back to Port Moresby without landing the troops, fearing that the airfield was about to be captured. Meanwhile, Australian Captain Sam Templeton, the commanding officer of the Papuan Infantry Battalion who had been captured on the previous day at Oivi, Australian Papua, was executed by sword. 
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27 Jul 1942 WW2 Submarine S-7 damaged German transport Ellen Larsen south of Venspils, Latvia with her deck gun after a failed torpedo attack. 
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27 Jul 1942 WW2 The initial hours of the Allies Operation Manhood offensive in Egypt near El Alamein was successful, but British tanks failed to follow up, thus the subsequent Axis counterattack at dawn inflicted heavy casualties on the exposed forward positions at Deir el Dhib and at Ruin Ridge. This marked the end of the First Battle of El Alamein, which saw 13,250 casualties on the Allied side and 17,000 on the Axis side. 
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27 Jul 1942 WW2 Scirè departed Italy for Operation SL 1 against British shipping in the harbor of Haifa, Palestine. 
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27 Jul 1942 WW2 The Italian plan to land at Malta (Operation C3) was canceled. 
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27 Jul 1942 WW2 Nobuo Fujita was summoned to the Navy Ministry at Kasumigaseki, Tokyo, Japan, where he would be personally ordered by Prince Nobuhito of Takamatsu to bomb a major target in the United States using a submarine-borne attack aircraft. 
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27 Jul 1942 WW2 German submarine U-601 bombarded the Soviet polar station Malye Karmakuly near Belushya Bay in the Novaya Zemlya islands, Russia. Several buildings and one seaplane were destroyed. 
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27 Jul 1942 WW2 Before dawn, German bombers attacked Birmingham, England, United Kingdom. After daybreak, a single German bomber attacked Manchester, England, killing 3 and wounding 7 in the Palmerston Street-Hillkirk Street-Russell Street area. 
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27 Jul 1943 WW2 I-168 sent a regular situation report while in the Isabel Strait; this would be the last message from the submarine. At 1754 hours, at dusk, she observed an enemy submarine in the Steffen Strait between New Ireland and New Hanover. She fired a torpedo at what turned out to be USS Scamp, which crash dove and evaded the attack. At 1812, USS Scamp returned fire with a spread of four torpedoes at periscope depth, hitting her with the loss of all hands. 
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27 Jul 1943 WW2 Heavy fighting in Sicily, Italy led to Feldmarschall Kesselring's decision to plan a possible evacuation of his forces to the mainland. 
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27 Jul 1943 WW2 In Italy, Mussolini was moved from Rome to Ponza Island. 
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27 Jul 1943 WW2 Adolf Hitler held a conference with Hermann Göring, Joseph Goebbels, Heinrich Himmler, Erwin Rommel, and Karl Dönitz. 
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27 Jul 1943 WW2 USS Permit arrived at Dutch Harbor, US Territory of Alaska, ending her ninth war patrol. 
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27 Jul 1943 WW2 After nightfall, a repeated bombing of Hamburg, Germany by 787 RAF aircraft created a fire storm in which an estimated 42,000 people perished, most of them by carbon monoxide poisoning when all the air was drawn out of their basement shelters. The fire storm, in which the heat and humidity of the summer night was a contributory factor, raged for three hours until there was nothing left to burn. 
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27 Jul 1943 WW2 USS Flying Fish arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii, ending her sixth war patrol. 
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27 Jul 1943 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Part of Marine Fighting Squadron 223 (VMF-223) on board. Part of Marine Fighting Squadron 222 (VMF-222) departed. 
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27 Jul 1943 WW2 USS Wahoo arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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27 Jul 1943 WW2 German submarine U-255 sank Soviet survey ship Akademik Shokalski off Novaya Zemlya archipelago in northern Russia. 
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27 Jul 1943 WW2 USS Ray was commissioned into service with Lieutenant Commander B. J. Harral in command. 
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27 Jul 1944 WW2 Bialystok in Poland, Dunaburg (Daugavpils) in Latvia, and Lvov in Ukraine were captured by Soviet forces; meanwhile, a major bridgehead was also established across the Vistula River near Magnuszew, Poland. 
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27 Jul 1944 WW2 Meteor F.Mk I jet fighters of No. 616 Squadron based at Manston in Kent, England, United Kingdom performed their first V-1 intercept mission. 
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27 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Rock changed course for Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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27 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Snook fired 6 torpedoes at a Japanese freighter; all torpedoes missed. 
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27 Jul 1944 WW2 Sunfish (S-class) was decommissioned from service. 
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27 Jul 1944 WW2 USS Pompon sank a Japanese trawler off Japan with her deck gun. 
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27 Jul 1944 WW2 While flying with the elite 433rd Fighter Squadron, 475th Fighter Group, US 5th Air Force, the famous American civilian aviator Charles Lindbergh, who was only there to demonstrate effective ways of increasing the range of the P-38 fighter, accounted for a Japanese Ki-51 aircraft near Ceram Island (now spelled Seram), Dutch East Indies. The Japanese aircraft was piloted by Captain Saburo Shimada, the commanding officer of the 73rd Independent Squadron. The 433rd Fighter Squadron commander, Colonel Charles Macdonald, would later receive quite a rocket from Fifth Air Force HQ when they heard that such a distinguished civilian had been allowed to participate in a combat mission. 
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27 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Blenny reported sinking three small Japanese craft with the deck gun in the South China Sea off Malaya. 
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27 Jul 1945 WW2 USAAF bombers dropped 600,000 leaflets over 11 Japanese cities, warning civilians of bombing. 
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27 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Bugara sank 3 small enemy craft with her deck gun in the Gulf of Siam and South China Sea area during the day. 
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27 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Becuna arrived at Subic Bay, Luzon, Philippine Islands, ending her fifth war patrol. 
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27 Jul 1945 WW2 Six of the ten sections of USS ABSD-1 arrived at Manicani Bay, Samar, Philippine Islands. 
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27 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Menhaden departed New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. 
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27 Jul 1945 WW2 USS Shamrock Bay arrived at San Diego, California, United States. 
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27 Jul 1948 WW2 Sable was reported as "disposed of". 
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