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History on the 13th of August

History
Date Text
13 Aug 1587 RELIGIOUS In Roanoke, Virginia, Manteo became the first American Indian converted to Protestantism, and was baptized into the Church of England by members of Sir Walter Raleigh's expedition to the New World.
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13 Aug 1682 RELIGIOUS The first Welsh immigrants to the American colonies arrived in Pennsylvania. They were Quakers, and settled near modern Philadelphia.
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13 Aug 1727 RELIGIOUS In the German village of Herrnhut, religious reformer Count Nicolaus von Zinzendorf, 27, organized a group of Bohemian Protestant refugees into the first Moravian community of "Unitas Fratrum" (united brotherhood).
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13 Aug 1908 RELIGIOUS Death of Ira D. Sankey, 68. He was Dwight Moody's song evangelist from 1870. During their revival crusades, Sankey penned many hymn tunes, of which the most enduring today are HIDING IN THEE ("O Safe to the Rock That is Higher Than I") and SANKEY ("Faith is the Victory").
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13 Aug 1913 WW2 Haiqi participated in the battle in Nanjing, China during the Second Chinese Revolution, flying the flag of the Beiyang Government. 
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13 Aug 1914 WW2 British Lieutenant H. D. Harvey-Kelly flew a No. 2 Squadron B.E.2a aircraft from Dover, England, United Kingdom to Amiens, France in 1 hour 55 minutes. This was the first RFC aircraft to arrive in France. 
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13 Aug 1915 WW2 Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg agreed to support an Austro-Hungarian plan to establish a new Habsburg dominated state, after the war, on captured Polish territory, but only on condition that Austria also agreed to become politically subordinated to Berlin. 
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13 Aug 1919 RELIGIOUS Birth of Rex Humbard, pioneer radio and television evangelist. In 1958 Humbard established the Cathedral of Tomorrow in Akron, Ohio, from which he afterward based his television ministry.
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13 Aug 1921 WW2 Franklin Roosevelt became paralyzed from the chest down. 
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13 Aug 1923 WW2 Deutsche People's Party leader Gustav Stresemann was appointed German Chancellor and Foreign Minister in a new Grand Coalition Government. 
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13 Aug 1932 WW2 Adolf Hitler spoke with German President Paul von Hindenburg and demanded Chancellorship with the power to dissolve the Reichstag as he saw fit. Hindenburg did not accept the demand. 
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13 Aug 1936 WW2 The Spanish Republican battleship Jaime I was damaged by a Nationalist air attack off the coast of Malaga, Spain. 
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13 Aug 1937 WW2 Japanese troops and men of Chinese Peace Preservation Corps exchanged small arms fire at the Zhabei, Wusong, and Jiangwan districts of Shanghai, China starting at 0900 hours, thus opening the Second Battle of Shanghai. At 1500 hours, Japanese troops crossed the Bazi Bridge in Zhabei district amidst mortar attacks by troops of Chinese 88th Division. At 1600 hours, warships of Japanese 3rd Fleet bombarded Chinese positions. 
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13 Aug 1937 WW2 USS Augusta departed Qingdao, Shandong Province, China with Admiral Harry Yarnell of US Asiatic Fleet aboard. 
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13 Aug 1937 WW2 Units of the US 4th Marine Regiment were assigned to reinforce the Municipal Police of the international zone in Shanghai, China. 
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13 Aug 1938 WW2 Sokrushitelnyi was commissioned into service. 
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13 Aug 1939 WW2 U-36 departed Kiel, Germany. 
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13 Aug 1939 WW2 As Italian Foreign Minister Galeazzo Ciano departed Germany after the completion of a meeting with German leader Adolf Hitler and German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop, he was told not to make any public announcements. Germany, however, would violate this agreement within hours, releasing a statement that Italy completely agreed with Germany's plans for the near future; this statement was false as Ciano had serious concerns regarding Hitler's determination to go to war with Poland. 
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13 Aug 1940 WW2 The British Royal Navy cruiser HMS Carlisle shot down an Italian aircraft attacking Berbera, British Somaliland. On the same day, destroyer HMS Kimberley and sloop HMS Auckland shelled the port of El Sheikha, which had recently been captured by Italian forces. On the ground, Italian troops attacked British defenses at Tug Argan, but the defense held. 
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13 Aug 1940 WW2 German submarine U-60 sank Swedish ship Nils Gorthon 10 miles north of Ireland at 2147 hours; 5 were killed and 16 survived. 
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13 Aug 1940 WW2 US President Roosevelt met with Secretary of the Navy Knox, Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson, Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau, and Undersecretary of State Sumner Welles regarding the possibilities of transferring destroyers to the United Kingdom. Later on the same day, Roosevelt sent a telegram to British Prime Minister Churchill via Acting Secretary of State Sumner Welles and Ambassador to London Kennedy, noting that "it may be possible to furnish to the British Government... at least 50 destroyers" in exchange for the promise of the Royal Navy never turning over its ships to the Germans even in the event of a Germany victory over the United Kingdom and for 99-year leases for land for military bases. 
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13 Aug 1940 WW2 Heavy cruisers USS Wichita and USS Quincy departed Pernambuco, Brazil for Montevideo, Uruguay. 
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13 Aug 1940 WW2 The first shells fired from the French side of the English Channel fell upon Dover, England, United Kingdom. 
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13 Aug 1940 WW2 Erich Raeder met with Adolf Hitler and attempted to convince Hitler to reduce the landing front for the planned invasion of Britain as the German Navy had little means to maintain the security of a wide landing area. 
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13 Aug 1940 WW2 Admiral Thomas C. Hart of the US Navy Asiatic Fleet shifted his flag from heavy cruiser USS Augusta to submarine USS Porpoise at Qingdao, Shandong, China and departed for Shanghai. It was the first time a Asiatic Fleet chief had traveled in a submarine. 
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13 Aug 1940 WW2 German Luftwaffe launched Adlerangriff, Eagle Attack, in the afternoon, but miscommunications in the morning meant some aircraft took off early and suffered heavy casualties. At 1500 hours, 300 German aircraft were launched. 86 British Fleet Air Arm and 1 RAF Fighter Command aircraft were destroyed on the ground and 13 RAF Fighter Command aircraft (2 Spitfire and 11 Hurricane) shot down; the Germans lost 87 airmen killed or captured; 40 German bombers and 36 German fighters were lost. Overnight, German aircraft damaged aircraft factories in Belfast and Castle Bromwich. The minesweeping trawler HMT Elizabeth Angela was sunk by air attack on this day off Dover, killing 1. 
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13 Aug 1940 WW2 James Lacey was shot down by a German He 111 aircraft over Britain. 
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13 Aug 1941 WW2 Stalin released the Polish prisoners of war taken in Sep 1939, ostensibly to form a Polish Army in Russia. 
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13 Aug 1941 WW2 Journalist Richard Capell paid tribute in a radio broadcast the defenders of Tobruk, Libya, with specific mention of anti-aircraft gunners but also generally of Australians, Indians, and British "oys", who "within weeks, turn into hardened men." 
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13 Aug 1941 WW2 Dutch prisoners Dufour and Imitescaped the Oflag IV-C prisoner of war camp at Colditz Castle in Germany; they would be recaptured within a few days. 
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13 Aug 1942 WW2 Lieutenant General Harukichi Hyakutake of the Japanese Seventeenth Army based at Rabaul, New Britain was ordered to take command of ground forces on Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. 
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13 Aug 1942 WW2 Destroyer Yukikaze began a period of training in the Inland Sea in Japan. 
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13 Aug 1942 WW2 German submarine U-752 sank US ship Cripple Creek 400 miles southwest of Freetown, British West Africa at 0740 hours; 1 was killed, 51 survived. Also on this day, Italian submarine Reginaldo Giuliani sank US ship California 1,400 miles west of Freetown; 1 was killed, 35 survived. 
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13 Aug 1942 WW2 British submarine HMS Unbroken damaged cruisers Bolzano and Muzio Attendolo 21 miles north of Capo d'Orlando, Sicily, Italy. 
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13 Aug 1942 WW2 German submarine U-658 sank Dutch ship Medea of Allied convoy WAT-13 between Cuba and Haiti at 0507 hours; 5 were killed, 23 survived. German submarine U-171 sank US tanker R. M. Parker, Jr. with two torpedoes and her deck gun 25 miles off Louisiana, United States at 0750 hours; all 44 aboard survived. At 0948 hours, U-600 attacked Allied convoy TAW-12 between Cuba and Haiti, sinking Latvian ship Everlza (23 were killed, 14 survived) and US passenger-cargo ship Delmundo (8 were killed, 50 survived). 
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13 Aug 1942 WW2 Japanese Army troops attacked Australian positions at Deniki, Australian Papua. Behind the front lines, Japanese transports landed additional troops at Buna after dark. 
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13 Aug 1942 WW2 Bernard Law Montgomery officially took command of the British Eighth Army in North Africa after the original choice commander, William Gott, was killed. 
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13 Aug 1942 WW2 In the Strait of Sicily in the Mediterranean Sea, 7 German and 8 Italian torpedo boats attacked the Allied Pedestal convoy, sinking freighters Wairangi, Glenorchy, Almeria Lykes, and Santa Elisa shortly after midnight. At 0100 hours, Italian torpedo boats MAS16 and MAS22 fatally damaged British cruiser HMS Manchester 4 miles off Kellibia, Tunisia, kiling 10. At dawn, German dive bombers sank freighters Waimarama (80 were killed) and Dorset. Later in the morning, already-damaged tanker Ohio was disabled by further bomb hits; she would be abandoned after nightfall. Finally, British fighters from Malta arrived, allowing three Pedestal convoy freighters to sail into Malta between 1730 and 1830 hours; the successful RAF fighter coverage which drove away German air attacks would also force the 6 Italian cruisers and 17 destroyers which had sailed from Messina, Sicily, Italy on the previous day to abandon their mission to intercept the Pedestal convoy. 
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13 Aug 1942 WW2 USS Tuscaloosa, USS Rodman, USS Emmons, and HMS Onslaught departed Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom with ammunition, aircraft parts, and other war goods for the Soviet Union. 
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13 Aug 1942 WW2 US Marine Corps established the Marine Corps Air Station, Santa Barbara, California, United States; it was placed under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Livingston B. Stedman, Jr. 
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13 Aug 1943 WW2 US 9th Air Force bombed the Messerschmitt factory at Wiener Neustadt, Austria. Planners of the attack thought they were conducting a strike on a factory producing fighter aircraft, but in actuality it was manufacturing parts for V-2 rockets. 
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13 Aug 1943 WW2 Orde Wingate shared his plans for an offensive into Burma; Claude Auchinleck, however, argued for Winston Churchill's alternate plan which focused on the Andaman Islands and then Sumatra instead. 
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13 Aug 1943 WW2 A F-4 and a F-5 aircraft of US 8th Photo Reconnaissance Squadron detected 199 Japanese aircraft and 4 air strips at Wewak, Australian New Guinea. 
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13 Aug 1943 WW2 US Army 43rd Division landed on Vela Cela (and discovered no Japanese positions) and Baanga just off western New Georgia in the Solomon Islands. Meanwhile, in Tokyo, the Imperial General Headquarters issued Directive No. 267 authorizing the abandonment of the central Solomon Islands region. 
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13 Aug 1943 WW2 The US IX Bomber Command attacked the Lorenzo marshaling yards near Rome, Italy with 106 B-17 bombers, 66 B-25 bombers, and 102 B-26 bombers, escorted by 140 P-38G Lightning fighters. Heavy damage was inflicted on the yards and although two B-26Cs were downed the Italians lost five modern fighters in combat with the P-38 fighters. 
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13 Aug 1943 WW2 Nachi arrived at Ominato Guard District, Mutsu, Aomori Prefecture, Japan for a refitting; she would receive a Type 21 air search radar. 
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13 Aug 1943 WW2 USS Sunfish sanked Japanese converted gunboat Edo Maru and damaged another ship off Taiwan, hitting them with 6 of 10 torpedoes fired. 
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13 Aug 1943 WW2 USS Wahoo transited the Etorofu Strait and entered the Sea of Okhotsk. 
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13 Aug 1943 WW2 US 13th Airborne Division was activated on at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, United States under the command of Major General George W. Griner, Jr. 
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13 Aug 1944 WW2 The Soviet minesweeper T.114 (formerly the USS Alchemy) was sunk by the German submarine U-365 in the Kara Sea in the Arctic Circle. 
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13 Aug 1944 WW2 At the end of the day, USS Ray began pursuing a small Japanese convoy off Borneo, Dutch East Indies, firing 4 torpedoes, all of which missed. 
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13 Aug 1944 WW2 USS Permit arrived at Brisbane, Australia, ending her thirteenth war patrol. 
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13 Aug 1944 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Part of Night Fighting Squadron 79 (VF(N)-79) departed. 
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13 Aug 1944 WW2 USS Bergall arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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13 Aug 1944 WW2 Light carrier Ryuho departed Kure, Japan and arrived at Hashirajima, Japan. 
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13 Aug 1944 WW2 USS Cassin Young arrived at Eniwetok, Marshall Islands. 
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13 Aug 1944 WW2 The US submarine Flier struck a naval mine and sank in the Balacbac Strait just off the southern tip of Palawan in the Philippine Islands. 
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13 Aug 1945 WW2 USS Cod returned to Fremantle, Australia, ending her seventh war patrol. 
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13 Aug 1945 WW2 Mongolia declared war on Japan. 
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13 Aug 1945 WW2 USS Macabi departed Guam, Mariana Islands. 
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13 Aug 1945 WW2 USS Croaker arrived at Subic Bay, Philippine Islands, ending her sixth and final war patrol. 
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13 Aug 1945 WW2 USS Carbonero sank two schooners with her deck gun in the Gulf of Siam-South China Sea area. 
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13 Aug 1945 WW2 He Yingqin arrived in Chongqing, China. 
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13 Aug 1945 WW2 While in China, Milton Miles was promoted to the war time rank of rear admiral, thus becoming the highest ranked US Navy officer in China. 
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13 Aug 1945 WW2 Air Group 87 aircraft from USS Ticonderoga struck Tokyo, Japan. 
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13 Aug 1945 WW2 Lieutenant Oscar Perdomo of 507th Fighter Group of US 20th Air Force, became the last air ace of the war when he destroyed five Japanese fighters during an offensive sweep over Kyushu island, Japan. 
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13 Aug 1945 WW2 I-400 reached the location south of Ulithi, Caroline Islands and waited for I-401 to arrive; her commanding officer did not realize that the rendezvous point had changed to another location 1,000 miles to the west. 
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13 Aug 1945 WW2 USS Ray arrived at US Naval Base Subic Bay, Philippine Islands to replenish her stock of ammunition; her patrol was called off while in port. 
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13 Aug 1949 WW2 USS Bugara departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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