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History on the 19th of August

History
Date Text
19 Aug 1099 RELIGIOUS The armies of the First Crusade defeated the Saracens at the Battle of Ascalon (an historic Palestinian city on the Mediterranean), one month after they had captured Jerusalem.
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19 Aug 1775 RELIGIOUS Anglican clergyman and hymnwriter John Newton wrote in a letter: 'We are never more safe, never have more reason to expect the Lord's help, than when we are most sensible that we can donothing without Him.'
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19 Aug 1886 RELIGIOUS The Christian Union was founded by Baptist clergyman Richard G. Spurling (1858-1935) in Monroe County, Tennessee. In 1923, this pentecostal denomination changed its name to the Church of God. Headquartered today in Cleveland, Tennessee, its current membership is nearly 500,000.
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19 Aug 1912 WW2 Kenkichi Ueda was made the chief of staff to the 16th Division. 
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19 Aug 1914 WW2 Franklin Roosevelt's son Franklin D., Jr. was born. 
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19 Aug 1914 WW2 The first war sortie of the British Royal Flying Corps took place with a reconnaissance patrol in support of the ground troops. 
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19 Aug 1917 WW1 Begin of Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo
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19 Aug 1929 WW2 Seria Well Number Two (S-2) was drilled in Brunei. 
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19 Aug 1933 WW2 Bolzano was commissioned into service. 
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19 Aug 1934 WW2 Hitler officially became the Führer und Reichskanzler of Germany. 
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19 Aug 1934 RELIGIOUS English Bible expositor Arthur W. Pink wrote in a letter: 'It is not words which God pays attention to, but heart-groans and tears!'
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19 Aug 1937 WW2 A rifle company of two officers and 102 enlisted men arrived in Shanghai, China from Cavite, Philippine Islands to reinforce the US 4th Marine Regiment. 
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19 Aug 1938 WW2 Chinese 27th Army and the Chinese 59th Corps fell back from the defensive line at Huang River, Hubei Province, China. In Jiangxi Province, Japanese 101st Division began landing troops at Xinzi. 
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19 Aug 1939 WW2 Sir Malcolm Campbell set a new World Water Speed Record on Coniston waters in England, United Kingdom with a recorded speed of 141 miles per hour. 
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19 Aug 1939 WW2 The German Navy ordered 21 submarines and two capital ships to prepare for sailing at any given time. The captains of Admiral Graf Spee and Deutschland received orders to go to Brazilian and North Atlantic waters, respectively. 
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19 Aug 1939 WW2 At 1910 hours, Berlin, Germany received the official response from the Soviet Union, via the German embassy in Moscow, Russia, for Joachim von Ribbentrop's visit; the proposed date of the conference was set for 26 Aug, but Ribbentrop would soon attempt to move up the date of the meeting. Shortly before Berlin received the message, Joseph Stalin announced to the Politburo his intention to befriend Germany. 
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19 Aug 1940 WW2 Italian troops captured Berbera, British Somaliland. The 17 day conflict has cost the British 250 casualties but the Italians more than 2,000. 
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19 Aug 1940 WW2 German submarine U-48 sank Belgian passenger ship Ville de Gand off Ireland just after midnight; 15 were killed and 38 survived. Also off Ireland, at 0154 hours, U-101 sank British ship Ampleforth; 9 were killed and 29 were rescued by British destroyer HMS Warwick. U-A sank British ship Hungarian Kelet off Ireland at 1000 hours, killing 6, all of whom were survivors of the ship Clan Macphee that was sunk by U-30 on 16 Aug 1940; 33 crew and 35 other Clan Macphee survivors were rescued by Norwegian merchant ship Varegg. 
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19 Aug 1940 WW2 The North American B-25 Mitchell medium bomber took its first flight. 
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19 Aug 1940 WW2 Twelve A6M2 Model 11 Zero fighters escorted fifty four G3M2 Type 96 bombers on a mission against the Chinese city of Chongqing; this was the first combat mission of the Zero fighter. 
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19 Aug 1940 WW2 Cloud and rain limited German reconnaissance capability in the morning. In the afternoon, German Luftwaffe changed its tactics, sending single aircraft, mainly Ju 88 bombers, to attack targets along the southern coast of England and Wales in the United Kingdom. The Germans lost 1 Bf 109 fighter and 4 Ju 88 bombers during the day, while the British lost 1 Spitfighter fighter in the fighting and 1 Blenheim fighter over southern Norway during a reconnaissance mission. Meanwhile, the government in London declared the entire United Kingdom a defense area. To reinforce the RAF, a Royal Canadian Air Force squadron arrived in Britain. 
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19 Aug 1940 WW2 USS R-5 was recommissioned into service. 
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19 Aug 1941 WW2 Joachim von Ribbentrop requested Japan to join in the attack on the Soviet Union by attacking Vladivostok in eastern Russia; Japan responded by saying that such a venture would require much time for deliberation and planning. 
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19 Aug 1941 WW2 German X Corps narrowly averted being encircled near Lake Illmen in northern Russia, saved by a counterattack by LVI Corps. 
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19 Aug 1941 WW2 Replacement prosthetic leg for captured Douglas Bader was dropped by a British bomber over Saint-Omer, Pas-de-Calais, France with permission by German Luftwaffe leaders. After the delivery, the British bomber took the opportunity to surprise-attack a power station in occupied France (though the attack would fail to materialize due to weather). 
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19 Aug 1941 WW2 The first permanent military garrison was established at Wake Atoll, which consisted of 449 men of the US Marine Corps 1st Defense Battalion under the command of US Navy Commander Winfield Scott Cunningham. 
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19 Aug 1942 WW2 Soviet troops in the Caucasus region of southern Russia launched the Novorossiysk Defensive Operation. 
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19 Aug 1942 WW2 German submarine U-507 stopped Brazilian sailing vessel Jacyra at 0530 hours, forced her crew of 6 to abandon ship, and scuttled her at 0800 hours with charges. At 0907 hours, U-510 sank British merchant ship Cressington Court 200 miles off French Guiana; 8 were killed, 36 survived. German submarine U-406 attacked Allied convoy SL-118 450 miles west of Portugal at 1622 hours, fatally damaging British ship City of Manila; 1 was killed, 95 survived. 
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19 Aug 1942 WW2 German submarine U-162 attacked an Allied convoy 40 miles west of Grenada, sinking US ship West Celina at 0437 hours (1 was killed, 43 survived); at 1007 hours, U-564 joined in on the attack, sinking British ship Empire Cloud (3 were killed, 51 survived) and British tanker British Consul (2 were killed, 40 survived). German submarine U-217 sank British sailing vessel Sea Gull D. 75 miles southeast of Bonaire island in the southern Caribbean Sea at 2112 hours; 3 were killed, 71 survived. 
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19 Aug 1942 WW2 Japanese destroyers Kagero, Kagikaze, Maikaze, Urakaze, Isokaze, and Hamakaze landed 916 men at Taivu Point, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands at 0100 hours; men of Company L, US 5th Marine Regiment attacked a Japanese construction battalion west of the Matanikau River at Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands at midday; on the same day, Company I of the same regiment conducted an amphibious raid further west at Kokumbona. Out at sea, Japanese destroyer Hagikaze was damaged by a bomb during an attack by US B-17 bombers; 33 were killed, 13 were wounded. At Henderson Field, the forward echelon of Marine Aircraft Group 23 (19 F4F fighters and 12 SBD-3 dive bombers) arrived. 
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19 Aug 1942 WW2 5,000 Canadian troops, 1,000 British Commandos, 50 US Rangers, and 58 British Churchill tanks landed at Dieppe, France at 0500 hours in Operation Jubilee via 9 landing ships, covered by 8 destroyers, many smaller warships, and many aircraft. British and Americans were successful in destroying a German battery near Varengeville, but British and Canadian troops on a nearby beach were pinned down, suffering 1,179 killed before the mission's end. As German aircraft counterattacked, British destroyer HMS Berkeley and several smaller ships were sunk. The operation was called off by 1100 hours in dismal failure. 2,190 Allied troops were captured along with all of the tanks and heavy equipment. The British RAF lost 106 aircraft. The Germans suffered only 311 killed and 48 aircraft shot down in the defense. 
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19 Aug 1942 WW2 James Johnson flew a mission over Dieppe, France, covering the amphibious operation. 
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19 Aug 1942 WW2 At Dieppe, France, Corporal Franklin Koons, 1st Ranger Battalion, becomes the first US infantryman to kill a German soldier in combat during WW2; at nearby Berneval, Lieutenant Edwin.D. Loustalot, 1st Ranger Battalion became the first Ranger and US infantry officer to be killed in action in Europe during WW2 as he fell while leading a charge against an enemy gun post. 
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19 Aug 1942 WW2 Despite being wounded three times, Captain Pat Porteous, liaison officer with British No. 4 Commando, led a text book bayonet charge through a hail of machine-gun fire to eliminate (with deadly hand-to-hand combat) the Varengeville-sur-Mer battery in France which threatened the safety of the ships laying off the coast 0f Dieppe. For this gallant action, Captain Porteous would be awarded the Victoria Cross. 
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19 Aug 1942 WW2 Pilot Officer Hollis H. Hills, an American volunteer in the Royal Canadian Air Force, was credited with the first air-to-air victory with the North American Mustang (P-51) fighter when he shot down a Fw 190 fighter over Dieppe, France. Californian Hills would later serve in the US Navy flying F6F Hellcat fighters. 
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19 Aug 1942 WW2 Walter Grabmann stepped down as the commanding officer of the Zerstörerschule 2 training unit based in Memmingen, Germany and was named the chief of all fighter units based in the Netherlands. 
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19 Aug 1942 WW2 Soviets launched the Sinyavino Offensive in the Leningrad region in northern Russia, with troops of the Leningrad Front capturing several bridgeheads across the Neva River. The Volkhov Front, however, failed to launch its offensive in concert. 
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19 Aug 1942 WW2 German submarine U-209 attempted to approach Belushya Guba in the Novaya Zemlya islands in northern Russia, but was spotted by Soviet motor boat Poliarny, minesweeper T-39, and minesweeper T-58, which drove off U-209. 
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19 Aug 1942 WW2 Submarine Harder was launched at Groton, Connecticut, United States, sponsored by Miss Helen M. Shaforth. 
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19 Aug 1943 WW2 As discussed in the Quebec Conference between US President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, British scientists, including Klaus Fuchs, were to join the Manhattan Project. 
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19 Aug 1943 WW2 German defenses along the Mius River were breached near Stalino (now Donetsk), Ukraine. 
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19 Aug 1943 WW2 German Luftwaffe Chief of Staff Oberstgeneral Hans Jeschonnek committed suicide. 
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19 Aug 1943 WW2 From Britain, Claude Auchinleck cabled Winston Churchill in Canada, attempting to convince the British Prime Minister to decrease the number of brigades to be assigned to Orde Wingate to only three; Wingate had requested eight. 
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19 Aug 1943 WW2 USS Finback attacked several Japanese surface ships with gunfire east of Borneo, sinking one small patrol vessel. 
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19 Aug 1943 WW2 USS S-35 suffered mechanical issues in the port engine crankshaft and couplings and set sail for Dutch Harbor, US Territory of Alaska to receive repairs. 
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19 Aug 1943 WW2 US Marine Corps squadron VMF-214 was transferred to US Marine Aircraft Group 11 based in Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides. The pilots would not leave for Espiritu Santo until 3 Sep 1943. 
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19 Aug 1943 WW2 The headquarters of USAAF 375th Troop Carrier Group was transferred to Dobodura Airfield, Australian Papua. 
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19 Aug 1943 WW2 Paul von Kleist was mentioned in the Wehrmachtbericht daily radio report. 
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19 Aug 1943 WW2 Robert Johnson scored his second kill over Woensdrecht, the Netherlands, shooting down a German Bf 109G fighter. 
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19 Aug 1943 WW2 USS Wahoo sighted a Soviet ship in the Sea of Okhotsk; she took no action. 
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19 Aug 1943 WW2 USS Alabama completed a scheduled overhaul at Norfolk Naval Shipyard, Virginia, United States. 
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19 Aug 1944 WW2 German troops in the Falaise pocket in France were ordered to break out. 
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19 Aug 1944 WW2 Soviet forces began an offensive toward the Balkan Peninsula. 
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19 Aug 1944 WW2 USS Segundo began taking on ammunition and supplies for a war patrol. 
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19 Aug 1944 WW2 Hauptmann Werner Schmidt of the German Kampfgeschwader 55 wing was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. 
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19 Aug 1944 WW2 Field Marshal Günther von Kluge committed suicide by taking cyanide near Metz, France after being relieved of his command and recalled to Berlin, Germany. 
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19 Aug 1944 WW2 In Paris, France Raoul Nordling, the Swedish Consul-General went to General Dietrich Choltitz, military Commander of Paris, with a proposal to barter 600 Germans captured by the Resistance for 4,213 French prisoners held by the Germans in the Paris area. This was something of a showpiece exchange designed to impress Berlin, for the French prisoners not only vastly outnumbered the German captives but, unlike them, were to be released immediately. Outside the city, American troops began to reach the Seine River. 
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19 Aug 1944 WW2 Italian 10th MAS Flotilla established the "Mataluno Column" at Sesto Calende, Italy. 
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19 Aug 1944 WW2 USS Bluefish sank a Japanese transport and a Japanese oiler in the South China Sea, hitting them with 9 of 12 torpedoes fired. 
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19 Aug 1944 WW2 USS Sunfish completed her refit at Midway Atoll. 
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19 Aug 1945 WW2 USS Caiman arrived at Subic Bay, Zambales, Philippine Islands, ending her fourth war patrol. 
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19 Aug 1945 WW2 USS Segundo reconnoitered waters off the Kurile Islands, monitoring Soviet activity. 
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19 Aug 1945 WW2 In Burma the Communists split away from the AFO (Anti-Fascist Organisation) leaving Aung San's AFPFL (Anti-Fascist Peoples Freedom League) to lead the campaign for independence. 
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19 Aug 1945 WW2 Soviet SMERSH operatives convinced General Otozo Yamada to surrender at Xinjing (Changchun), China. 
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19 Aug 1945 WW2 Hiroshi Nemoto was named the commanding officer of the Japanese North China Area Army while still retaining his command over the Japanese Mongolian Garrison Army. 
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19 Aug 1945 WW2 Ho Chi Mihn, backed by Vo Nguyen Giap's 30,000-strong Chu Luc force, took over control of Hanoi, Vietnam, French Indochina. 
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19 Aug 1945 WW2 Japanese troops were told by their government that surrendering under the terms of a ceasefire would not be considered a loss of honour under the Bushido code which demanded fighting to the death. As a result thousands began laying down their arms. Meanwhile, more than 100 Allied warships waited off the coast of Japan for the order to enter her ports. 
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19 Aug 1947 WW2 Ilse Koch was found guilty of violating laws and customs of war, and sentenced to life imprisonment. 
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19 Aug 1953 RELIGIOUS Israel's parliament conferred Israeli citizenship posthumously on all Jews killed by the Nazis during the years of the Holocaust (1933-45) in Europe.
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