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History on the 22nd of August

History
Date Text
22 Aug 1670 RELIGIOUS In Massachusetts, English-born colonial missionary John Eliot, 66, founded an Indian church at Martha's Vineyard, with educated Indians Hiacoomes and Tackanash appointed pastor and teacher, respectively.
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22 Aug 1800 RELIGIOUS Birth of Edward B. Pusey, English biblical scholar and Tractarian spokesman. A devoted church leader all his life, Pusey worked to establish religious orders in Anglicanism, founding in 1845 the first Anglican sisterhood.
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22 Aug 1831 RELIGIOUS Birth of William H. Cummings, English musicologist. In 1855 he adapted a theme from Mendelssohn's "Festgesang," which afterward became the melody of the Christmas carol, "Hark! The Herald Angels Sing."
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22 Aug 1916 WW2 Masafumi Arima returned to Japan. 
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22 Aug 1917 WW2 Omar Bradley was promoted to the rank of captain. 
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22 Aug 1918 WW2 British battlecruiser Hood was launched. 
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22 Aug 1920 WW2 The Polish spearhead reached the River Narew in eastern Poland, cutting off General Tukhachevsky's 4th Red Army from the bulk of the Soviet forces. 
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22 Aug 1923 WW2 The world's largest aircraft at the time of its appearance, the triplane Walter Barling designed XNBL-1 (eXperimental Night Bomber Long range) made its maiden flight. The prototype marked the first flight of a six engine American aircraft. Flying a total of 28 miles during its test flight from Dayton, Ohio, United States the XNBL-1 reached a speed of 93 mph, but unfortunately the aircraft was crippled by its under-powered Liberty inline engines and the project, as well as the improved XNBL-2 development, was abandoned in 1925. 
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22 Aug 1925 WW2 Rawalpindi was launched. 
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22 Aug 1934 WW2 The keel of Garland was laid down by the Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering in Govan, Scotland, United Kingdom. 
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22 Aug 1937 WW2 In the morning, 12 Japanese Type 92 attack aircraft, escorted by 6 Type 95 fighters, attacked Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, China, targeting light cruisers Pinghai and Ninghai. Pinghai suffered a hit in the forward half of the Pinghai the starboard side, causing light flooding and injuring commanding officer Captain Gao Xianshen in the waist; Ninghai also suffered one hit. At noon, another wave of Japanese bombers arrived from the west and dropped bombs from altitude, causing minor damage to Pinghai. In the afternoon, 7 carrier aircraft from Kaga attacked the Chinese fleet. At 1630 hours, 9 Japanese aircraft attacked Ninghai, causing no damage. At 1730 hours, 6 Type 92 attack aircraft and 3 Type 95 fighters of the Japanese 12th Air Fleet attacked Pinghai, causing further damage with four bomb hits and near misses. On this day, Pinghai suffered 5 killed, 23 wounded; she also claimed 5 aircraft shot down. Chiense training cruiser Yingrui was also damaged by Japanese aircraft on this day. 
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22 Aug 1937 WW2 The main force of the Chinese Communist Party was organized under the Chinese Army as the 8th Route Army. 
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22 Aug 1939 WW2 With a non-aggression pact nearly secured with the Soviet Union, German leader Adolf Hitler ordered the Polish invasion to commence on 26 Aug 1939. He told his top military commanders to be brutal and show no compassion in the upcoming war. 
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22 Aug 1939 WW2 Adolf Hitler said that even though he was important for Germany, but he could be killed by anybody at any time. 
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22 Aug 1939 WW2 Joachim von Ribbentrop and the German delegation departed Berlin, Germany aboard two Condor aircraft for Königsberg, East Prussia, Germany. 
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22 Aug 1939 WW2 Georg von Küchler was named the commanding officer of 3rd Army. 
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22 Aug 1940 WW2 British Swordfish torpedo bombers of 812 Squadron from HMS Peregrine bombed German invasion barges at Daedereide, the Netherlands. One Swordfish aircraft was shot down, with its crew of two taken prisoner. 
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22 Aug 1940 WW2 Three Swordfish torpedo bombers of 824 Squadron of HMS Eagle sank Italian submarine Iride, killing most of the crew of 45, and the depot ship Monte Gargano in the Gulf of Bomba, Libya. Italian torpedo boat Calypso was also damaged. 
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22 Aug 1940 WW2 James V. Forrestal, former Administrative Assistant to the US President and Wall Street broker, was named the first Undersecretary of the Navy responsible for procurement and materiel in the Navy Department. 
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22 Aug 1940 WW2 Adolf Galland was appointed Geschwaderkommodore JG 26 "Schlageter". 
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22 Aug 1940 WW2 Harrow in northwest London, England, United Kingdom received a German bomb at 0330 hours, the first to fall within the borders of the London Civil Defence Area. After daybreak, bad weather once again prevented large German raids. At 0900 hours, German 38-centimeter guns at Cape Gris Nez, France shelled the convoy "Totem" in the Strait of Dover for 80 minutes, but no ships were hit. At 1300 hours, German Ju 88 bombers, escorted by Bf 109 fighters, attacked the same convoy, but were engaged by Spitfire fighters of No. 54 Squadron and Hurricane fighters of No. 610 Squadron; 1 Ju 88, 1 Spitfire, and 1 Hurricane aircraft were shot down, wit the Hurricane fighter shot down by friendly fire. In the evening, the 38-centimeter gun fired again, this time at the city of Dover; British 14-inch gun "Winnie" returned fire. From 1830 hours through the night, German bombers raided British cities, including Aberdeen, Bristol, and Hull. 
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22 Aug 1940 WW2 Winston Churchill visited RAF Kenley in southern London, England, United Kingdom. 
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22 Aug 1941 WW2 Soviet passenger ship Pomorie hit a mine and sank in the White Sea in northern Russia; 60 were killed, 20 survived. 
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22 Aug 1942 WW2 The work week for foreign workers in Germany was increased to 54 hours. 
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22 Aug 1942 WW2 USS Haddock sank Japanese transport ship Tatsuho Maru 25 miles north of Taiwan at 1310 hours; 36 were killed and the cargo of 10,000 gallons of aviation fuel was lost. 
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22 Aug 1942 WW2 The US Marine Corps established the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing at Ewa, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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22 Aug 1942 WW2 Brazil declared war on Germany and Italy. The official statement said: "In the face of acts of war against our sovereignty we recognise that a state of war exists between Brazil and the aggressor nations, Germany and Italy". 
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22 Aug 1942 WW2 New Zealand troop transport HMNZS Awatea rammed US destroyer USS Buck in heavy fog 225 miles south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; HMNZS Awatea suffered damage from depth charge detonations, USS Buck suffered damage and suffered 7 killed, and destroyer USS Ingraham collided with oiler USS Chemung during the rescue effort, causing more accidental depth charge detonations that would kill 218 and sink USS Ingraham (only 11 survived Ingraham's sinking). Elsewhere, German submarine U-507 sank Swedish merchant ship Hammaren 12 miles off the coast of Brazil at 0950 hours; 6 were killed, 25 survived. 
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22 Aug 1942 WW2 A Panama Canal Zone-based B-18 Bolo bomber of US 45th Bombardment Squadron sank German submarine U-654 with depth charges 185 miles north of the Panama Canal in the afternoon, killing all 44 aboard. 
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22 Aug 1942 WW2 Soviet submarine M-3 became missing in the Black Sea near Odessa, Ukraine, presumably having struck a German naval mine and sank. 
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22 Aug 1942 WW2 US and Japanese supplying destroyers made contact in the Savo Sound off Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands; Japanese destroyer Kawakaze disabling destroyer USS Blue by torpedo at 0359 hours (killing 9; she would be scuttled on the following day). During the day, 5 P-400 aircraft of the USAAF 67th Fighter Squadron joined the Cactus Air Force at Henderson Field on Guadalcanal. 
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22 Aug 1942 WW2 Japanese submarine I-30 departed Lorient, France with 50 T-Enigma coding machines (which would enable communications between Japanese Navy and German Navy), blueprint of air-defense radar, 5 G7a torpedoes, and 3 G7e electric torpedoes, and other technologies on board. 
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22 Aug 1942 WW2 Italian torpedo boat Generale Antonio Cantore struck a mine and sank 5 miles west of Tobruk, Libya; the mine was laid by British submarine HMS Porpoise on 12 Aug 1942. 
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22 Aug 1942 WW2 German 16th Panzer Division began to cross the Don River toward Stalingrad, Russia. 
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22 Aug 1943 WW2 USS S-31 departed Nouméa, New Caledonia for her eighth war patrol. 
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22 Aug 1943 WW2 USS Tunny reached Palau Islands. 
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22 Aug 1943 WW2 USS Pompon arrived at Brisbane, Australia, ending her first war patrol. 
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22 Aug 1943 WW2 Elements of the US 2nd Marine Airdrome Battalion landed on Nukufetau, Ellice Islands. 
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22 Aug 1943 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: More of Air Group 9 departed. More of Air Group 5 departed. More of Air Group 23 departed. 
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22 Aug 1943 WW2 George Patton apologized to doctors and nurses who witnessed him slapping enlisted men for accused cowardice. Later in the day, Patton met entertainer Bob Hope and asked Hope to announced on the radio that Patton loved and cared for his men. 
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22 Aug 1943 WW2 German troops in Kharkov, Ukraine began evacuating after sundown. 
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22 Aug 1944 WW2 Operation Goodwood I and Goodwood II: British carrier aircraft (32 Barracuda dive bombers and 43 fighters) from HMS Formidable, Indefatigable, Furious, Nabob, and Trumpeter attacked German battleship Tirpitz to little effect. 
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22 Aug 1944 WW2 American submarine USS Bowfin attacked Japanese convoy Namo 103 and sank passenger ship Tsushima Maru near the island of Akusekijima. 2,251 aboard were killed, including 767 children; most of those killed were civilian evacuees from Okinawa. 
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22 Aug 1944 WW2 USS Tang sank Japanese patrol boat Nansatsu Maru No. 2, hitting her with one of four torpedoes fired. 
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22 Aug 1944 WW2 USS Pintado detected a 11-ship Japanese convoy during the day. After sundown, she fired ten torpedoes at the convoy, sinking the large tanker Tonan Maru No. 2 and damaging two other ships with a total of four hits. 
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22 Aug 1944 WW2 USS Sennet was commissioned into service with Commander George E. Porter in command. 
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22 Aug 1944 WW2 HMS Mauritius sank five German coastal patrol Vorpostenboot vessels off France. 
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22 Aug 1944 WW2 USS Flying Fish attacked a Japanese transport in the Dutch East Indies; all 3 torpedoes fired missed. 
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22 Aug 1944 WW2 Having been convinced by Charles de Gaulle two days prior that Paris, France must be captured with haste, Dwight Eisenhower traveled to Omar Bradley's headquarters to discuss the logistics. 
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22 Aug 1944 WW2 Light carrier Ryuho departed Hashirajima, Japan for Yashima, Japan. 
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22 Aug 1944 WW2 USS Gunnel attacked a Japanese transport in the South China Sea; all 6 torpedoes missed. 
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22 Aug 1944 WW2 USS Harder assisted in the sinking of Japanese frigates Matsuwa and Hiburi off Bataan, Luzon, Philippine Islands. 
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22 Aug 1944 WW2 USS Sunfish departed Midway Atoll for her eighth war patrol. 
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22 Aug 1945 WW2 Japanese forces in the Manchuria region of northeastern China surrendered. In the two-week campaign, the Japanese had lost 80,000 killed and wounded and 54,000 taken prisoner, including 143 generals. The Soviets had lost 8,200 dead and 22,000 wounded. 
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22 Aug 1945 WW2 The Yugoslavian parliament decreed that all arable land over 75 acres would be taken over by the state and be given to former partisan and wounded soldiers. 
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22 Aug 1945 WW2 USS Pompon departed Guam, Mariana Islands. 
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22 Aug 1945 WW2 Bob Feller was discharged from the US Navy. 
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22 Aug 1946 WW2 Döme Sztójay passed away. 
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22 Aug 1946 WW2 Submarine R-5 was sold to the firm John J. Duane of Quincy, Massachusetts, United States for scrap. 
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22 Aug 1948 WW2 Josef Bühler was executed by hanging in Kraków, Poland at 1949 hours. 
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22 Aug 1948 RELIGIOUS The Amsterdam Assembly of the World Council of Churches convened (through Sept 4) to ratify the Constitution for this newly-formed experiment in organizational and global Christian unity.
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22 Aug 1968 RELIGIOUS Pope Paul VI arrived in Colombia, making his the first-ever papal visit to South America.
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